含导电聚苯胺类锂离子电池复合材料的现状及发展趋势

导电聚苯胺（PANI）是近十年来研究最多的导电聚合物,具有比容量高、氧化还原可逆性好、电导率高、合成方法简单、成本低等特点,在化学电源和超级电容器中的应用最为广泛。导电聚苯胺复合材料的合成方法主要分为：原位复合法、共混法、自组装和电化学复合法等。导电聚苯胺复合材料可作为高能物质用于研发电极材料,但目前利用导电聚苯胺对锂离子电池三元正极材料进行修饰改性的研究较少。综述了导电聚苯胺及其复合材料的热电化学性能,重点对导电聚苯胺/锂离子电池复合正极材料的性能进行了阐述。最后对导电聚苯胺复合材料的应用和研究方向进行了总结,并简述了导电聚苯胺包覆改性LiNi_1-x-yCo_xMn_yO₂复合材料的应用和展望。     

导电高分子材料聚苯胺的研究进展

聚苯胺(PAn)是目前研究最为广泛的导电高分子材料之一。基于国内外最新研究文献,综述了PAn的结构、导电和掺杂机理及常见的合成方法,重点介绍了几种制备微米或纳米级PAn的方法,并对其在各领域应用前景作了简要介绍。     

Polyaniline nanofibers: a unique polymer nanostructure for versatile applications

Known for more than 150 years, polyaniline is the oldest and potentially one of the most useful conducting polymers because of its facile synthesis, environmental stability, and simple acid/base doping/dedoping chemistry. Because a nanoform of this polymer could offer new properties or enhanced performance, nanostructured polyaniline has attracted a great deal of interest during the past few years. This Account summarizes our recent research on the syntheses, processing, properties, and applications of polyaniline nanofibers. By monitoring the nucleation behavior of polyaniline, we demonstrate that high-quality nanofibers can be readily produced in bulk quantity using the conventional chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline. The polyaniline nanostructures formed using this simple method have led to a number of exciting discoveries. For example, we can readily prepare aqueous polyaniline colloids by purifying polyaniline nanofibers and controlling the pH. The colloids formed are self-stabilized via electrostatic repulsions without the need for any chemical modification or steric stabilizer, thus providing a simple and environmentally friendly way to process this polymer. An unusual nanoscale photothermal effect called "flash welding", which we discovered with polyaniline nanofibers, has led to the development of new techniques for making asymmetric polymer membranes and patterned nanofiber films and creating polymer-based nanocomposites. We also demonstrate the use of flash-welded polyaniline films for monolithic actuators. Taking advantage of the unique reduction/oxidation chemistry of polyaniline, we can decorate polyaniline nanofibers with metal nanoparticles through in situ reduction of selected metal salts. The resulting polyaniline/metal nanoparticle composites show promise for use in ultrafast nonvolatile memory devices and for chemical catalysis. In addition, the use of polyaniline nanofibers or their composites can significantly enhance the sensitivity, selectivity, and response time of polyaniline-based chemical sensors. By combining straightforward synthesis and composite formation with exceptional solution processability, we have developed a range of new useful functionalities. Further research on nanostructured conjugated polymers holds promise for even more exciting discoveries and intriguing applications.     

导电聚苯胺的研究进展及前景

总结了导电高分子材料聚苯胺目前研究的现状。导电高分子材料具有高电导率、半导体特性、电容性、电化学活性,同时还具有一系列光学性能等,具有与一般聚合物不同的特性。对聚苯胺的结构特性、聚苯胺的合成方法与掺杂机理、聚苯胺的导电机理、聚苯胺的用途及发展趋势做扼要的评述。     

Synthesis,characterization, and properties of new conducting polyaniline/copper sulfide nanocomposites

This article reports the facile synthesis of copper sulfide (CuS)/polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites by in situ polymerization. The composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–visible and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). SEM analysis showed that the metal sulfide nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The characteristic peaks in FTIR and UV–vis spectra of PANI were found to be shifted to higher wave numbers in PANI/CuS composite, which is attributed to the interaction of CuS nanoparticles with PANI chain. XRD pattern revealed the structurally ordered arrangement of polymer composite and this regularity increases with increase in concentration of nanoparticles. Glass transition temperature of the nanocomposite increased with increase in the concentration of nanoparticles and it indicated the ordered arrangement of the polymer composite than PANI. TGA studies indicated excellent thermal stability of polymer nanocomposite. The electrical properties of nanocomposites were studied from direct current and alternating current resistivity measurement. Conductivity, dielectric constant, and dissipation factor of the nanocomposite were significantly increased with the increase in CuS content in the nanocomposite. The enhancement of these properties suggests that the proposed PANI/CuS nanocomposites can be used as multifunctional materials for nanoelectronic devices. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:438–445, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

高性能气体分离聚苯胺膜

系统论述了聚苯胺自支撑膜和复合膜对气体的分离性能。聚苯胺自支撑膜、聚苯胺 /尼龙、聚苯胺 /氧化铝复合膜经去掺杂尤其是二次掺杂后 ,气体分离系数会显著提高 ,而透气系数略有提高。二次掺杂态聚苯胺自支撑膜和复合膜都具有极高的氧氮分离性能 ,已超过了一般聚合物材料的上限 ,最优异的聚苯胺膜的氧氮选择分离系数可达 30 ,它在包括有高选择性能膜材料聚酰亚胺、聚吡咙、聚三唑等在内的所有聚合物膜中排行第一 ,对空气分离显示出极大优势。预计聚苯胺复合膜及纳米膜在医疗保健等领域具有很大应用潜力     

Electrical properties of composites based on conjugated polymers and conductive fillers

Composite materials based on undoped conjugated polymers and conductive filler were synthesized and their electrophysical and electrochemical properties were investigated. Conjugated polymers such as polyaniline (PANI), polyacetylene (PA) and typical polymer dielectric, polypropylene (PP) were used as matrices. Graphite and single-walled nanotubes were used as conductive fillers. The investigation of the dependencies of conductivity on filler concentration show that in contrast to PP and PANI, PA becomes conductive due to injected charge carriers from filler particles. This conclusion is supported by investigated dependencies of composite conductivity on temperature and time during aging and on cyclic voltammetry data. It was shown that a conjugated polymer matrix allows composite materials with new electrophysical and electrochemical properties to be produced.     

磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺/醋酸纤维素复合膜的合成及其导电性能

以苯胺作为导电聚合物单体,以普通高分子如醋酸纤维素作为成膜材料,以磷钨酸为掺杂剂制备二维聚苯胺/醋酸纤维素（PANI/CA）导电聚合物复合膜。利用红外和紫外光谱等测试手段对复合膜进行组成以及结构方面的表征。探索了导电聚合物复合膜制备的最佳工艺条件,并考察了复合膜的导电性。     

新型水基聚苯胺复合防腐涂料的制备及其性能研究

以原位包覆法制备的聚苯胺复合材料为主要防腐成分,以聚合物乳液为成膜物,制成新型水基聚苯胺复合防腐涂料,对其涂膜的防腐性能进行电化学测试,证明其具备优异的防腐性能。     

A review on porous polymer composite materials for multifunctional electronic applications

ABSTRACT

This review is focused on the rapidly expanding field of porous materials for the sensor, actuator, energy storage and energy generation application. The synthesis methods to produce excellent porous composites and designs required for the domestic applications are also discussed. The properties of the porous composite materials are characterized and compared with non-porous polymer composite materials. In addition, porous materials based on polymer blends and their controllable synthesis methods for adjusting anticipated properties are highlighted. The properties, processing methods, applications, limitations, challenges and promising directions of porous composite materials for imminent advancement in this field are discussed.     

聚苯胺导电复合膜研究进展

将力学性能好的基质与聚苯胺相复合制备聚苯胺导电复合膜是对聚苯胺改性的重要方法之一。介绍了聚苯胺导电复合膜的主要制备方法,包括机械共混法、溶液共混法、电化学合成法、现场乳液聚合法、现场原位聚合法和现场吸附聚合法。综述了聚苯胺导电复合膜在防静电材料、电磁屏蔽材料、敏感元器件、电致变色材料、可充电电池、分子级电路等方面的应用。     

Electrochemical synthesis: a novel technique for processing multi-functional coatings

Electrochemical synthesis is a powerful tool for surface modification, substrate cleaning and formulation of thin films and bulk materials. It is especially suited for surface modification of fibers, metals and films. In the past decade electrochemical method has become the preferred technique for in situ passivation, and coating of commodity metals such as aluminum, zinc, copper and steel.

We have successfully synthesized different kinds of conducting polymers, including polypyrrole (PPy)–polyaniline (PANi) composites. The processability and corrosion performance of PPy/PANi, composite coatings are significantly better than those for either PPy or PANi, coatings.

In this paper, we will discuss the use of electrochemical technique in the synthesis and characterization of multi-functional corrosion resistant conducting polymer coatings for aerospace and automotive applications.     

聚苯胺/无机粒子复合材料的研究进展

主要综述了纳米聚苯胺与无机粒子(如无机磁性粒子、金属氧化物、碳基无机物等其他无机粒子)复合制备的功能性复合材料的力学、光学、电学和磁学性能以及此类功能性复合材料在金属防腐和防污、电磁屏蔽、光学催化、电池材料以及化学传感器等方面的应用前景,并介绍了近几年来各类纳米聚苯胺/无机粒子功能性复合材料在电磁屏蔽、隐身材料、抗静电材料、导电高分子电容器、发光二极管以及二次电池等方面的研究现状及未来发展趋势.     

Synthetic hydrogels: Synthesis,novel trends,and applications

Hydrogels have been generated and explored for use in various applications. The main objective of this comprehensive review is to collate the fundamental concepts of hydrogels, and elaborate on knowledge gaps, and to provide a perspective on the future directions. This review includes details of constituent molecules (monomers, cross-linkers, composite materials, etc.) and the methods used to prepare polymer networks. Moreover, the review highlights modifications of hydrogels that introduce new properties or enhance the existing features to suit the desired applications and challenges of synthetic polymer hydrogels. The other important topics covered in this review are the synthesis and applications of 3D printed hydrogels, nanocomposite hydrogels, injectable hydrogels, and self-healing hydrogels.     

Significance of Carbon Nanotube in Flame-Retardant Polymer/CNT Composite: A Review

In this review, flame-retardant characteristics of polymer/carbon nanotube composite have been focused. Nonflammability behavior of carbon nanotube filler with different types of polymer matrices has been discussed. In addition, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of these materials have also been argued. Main types of polymers considered are epoxy, polystyrene, polyaniline, polypropylene, and polyurethane. Considerable enhancement in nonflammability properties of polymers with carbon nanotube was studied using limiting oxygen index measurement, UL 94 tests, and cone calorimetry. Toward the end, significance of flame-retardant composites in aerospace, electronics, radar absorbing materials, electromagnetic shielding, and wind turbine blades has been conversed.     

Composite aqueous microgels: an overview of recent advances in synthesis,characterization and application

In the last decade there has been a steady increase in the number of publications describing the synthesis, characterization and applications of hybrid particles. Colloidal aqueous microgels form an important subdivision of polymer colloids used for the deposition of different functional materials. Due to their numerous attractive properties, microgel particles have been used as templates for the synthesis, storage and transportation of nanostructured materials. This paper reviews the important developments in the area of composite microgels over the last decade, and is limited to microgel particles operating in aqueous media. The patent literature is not included in the review. Different synthetic approaches as well as some properties and applications of composite microgels are discussed. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Aerospace Application of Polymer Nanocomposite with Carbon Nanotube,Graphite, Graphene Oxide,and Nanoclay

In this review, potential and properties of carbon nanotube, graphite, graphene oxide, and clay nanofiller have been deliberated with reference to aerospace application. The polymers discussed as matrices are polypropylene, polyaniline, polyurethane, polystyrene, and polyamide. Main focus of the review is to converse space competency of polymer/carbon nanotube, polymer/graphite, polymer/graphene oxide, and polymer/clay nanocomposite. The effect of nanofiller addition on the desired aerospace properties of polymeric nanocomposite has been conversed. Attractive features are high glass transition temperature, thermal stability, high modulus, chemical resistance, and nonflammability. Toward the end, challenges in the enhancement of materials’ properties for aerospace relevance have been considered.     

聚酰亚胺/聚苯胺导电复合材料的制备与表征

通过原位聚合的方法制得具有良好抗静电性能、抗击穿性能的聚酰亚胺/聚苯胺复合薄膜,利用红外光谱分析仪分析聚合物主要官能团和复合薄膜的亚胺化程度,采用绝缘电阻测量仪、程控耐压测试仪、电子万能试验机、热力学分析仪研究了复合薄膜的表面电阻率和体积电阻率、击穿性能以及力学性能和热性能。结果表明,当聚苯胺加到15 %（质量分数,下同）时,复合薄膜抗静电效果最佳,并且保持着聚酰亚胺所具有的良好的力学性能。     

Evaluating the mechanical performance of supercritical CO2 fabricated polymide 6,6/PMMA,fiber reinforced composites

Recent advancements in SC CO₂ mediated synthesis and material processing have led to polymer‐polymer blends and composite materials with complex morphologies, exhibiting long‐range order and orientation on multiple length‐scales from the nanometer to the centimeter scale. The material under consideration in this work is a polyamide 6,6 (nylon)/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fiber‐reinforced composite that was fabricated in a unique SC CO₂ assisted process. The tensile and flexural properties of these unique composites are studied and the evolution of damage and energy dissipation are monitored through cyclic loading and microscopic analysis of post‐stressed composite cross sections. It is shown that this morphology leads to improved flexural modulus and increased ultimate strength with only a small decrease in tensile modulus. These composites also exhibited significant improvements in stress distribution and load transfer without the use of fiber sizing agents for fiber/matrix compatibilization.     

Trends in Conducting Polymer and Hybrids of Conducting Polymer/Carbon Nanotube: A Review

Several conducting polymers, including polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(m-phenylenediamine), polynaphthylamine, poly(p-phenylene sulfide), and their carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposites are discussed in this review. The physical, electrical, structural and thermal properties of polymers along with synthesis methods are discussed. A concise note on carbon nanotubes regarding their purification, functionalization, properties and production are reported. Moreover, the article focuses upon synthesis methods, properties and applications of conducting polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites are focused. Nanotube dispersion, loading concentration and alignment within conducting polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposite affect their performance and morphology. The conducting polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites are substantially used in sensors, energy storage devices, supercapacitors, solar cells, EMI materials, diodes, and coatings.