采用窄带特征提取方法提高声发射源定位精度

针对提高声发射源定位精度的需要,提出了利用小波变换从宽带非平稳声发射信号中提取稳定的窄带响应信息的方法,可降低环境噪声和波速色散效应的影响;进一步根据Hilbert变换提取窄带信号的包络,可根据第一个包络峰值正确判定应力波到达时刻.介绍了该方法的实现原理,组建了应力波源定位实验系统.采用十字定位法确定发射源位置.结果表明,采用新的窄带特征提取技术后,定位误差从原来的15 mm减少到4.9 mm.     

胶合板声发射信号的小波包特征提取及神经网络模式识别

为识别胶合板的不同损伤类型,将小波包时频分析与能量谱相结合,提出基于时频和频段能量占比的胶合板损伤声发射信号特征提取方法。研究得出胶合板基体开裂信号以膨胀波和弯曲波模式并举,频谱较宽,能量主要集中在小波能量谱的第一、二、三、四和七频段;分层信号频率单一,幅值较高,并以膨胀波为主;纤维断裂主要以弯曲波模式为主,频率较低;脱胶信号波形为膨胀波和弯曲波的混合型,以弯曲波为主,能量多集中于第一、二、三、四频段。用小波包提取的能量占比作为由BP神经网络构成的智能化模式分类器的输入样本,对4种声发射信号进行识别,正确率达到92．6％。     

一种局部放电信号去噪的新方法

小波变换是在局部放电信号去噪过程中常用的方法,由于实际信号中噪声频带较宽,仅用小波变换去噪有可能带来波形畸变。文中将经验模态分解（Empircial Mode Decomposition,EMD）引入小波阈值去噪算法中,提出了一种基于EMD的小波阈值去噪算法,信号经EMD变换后被分解成若干个频率的本征模态函数（Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF）,再对各个频率的IMF分量进行小波阈值去噪。相比于普通的小波阈值去噪算法,该方法能取得更好的去噪效果。对仿真信号和实测信号的处理结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于AR模型的声发射信号到达时间自动识别

声发射信号到达时间的信息,对于声发射事件的定位、识别以及声发射源机理分析都是非常重要的。实际应用中,常用人工读取或通过设定幅值阈值来获取信号的到达时间。针对以上常用方法的缺点,结合噪声信号的AR模型和声发射信号的AR模型,应用Akaike信息准则,实现了对声发射信号到达时间的自动识别。对实验数据的识别结果显示,该方法对信号的幅频特性变化比较敏感。在相同信噪比的情况下,该方法识别的偏差要小于阈值法。当信噪比较低时,阈值法可能会给出错误的结果,而该方法仍然能够给出较准确的结果。     

基于AR模型的声发射信号到达时间自动识别

声发射信号到达时间的信息,对于声发射事件的定位、识别以及声发射源机理分析都是非常重要的。实际应用中,常用人工读取或通过设定幅值阈值来获取信号的到达时间。针对以上常用方法的缺点,结合噪声信号的AR模型和声发射信号的AR模型,应用Akaike信息准则,实现了对声发射信号到达时间的自动识别。对实验数据的识别结果显示,该方法对信号的幅频特性变化比较敏感。在相同信噪比的情况下,该方法识别的偏差要小于阈值法。当信噪比较低时,阈值法可能会给出错误的结果,而该方法仍然能够给出较准确的结果。     

基于AR模型的声发射信号到达时间自动识别

声发射信号到达时间的信息,对于声发射事件的定位、识别以及声发射源机理分析都是非常重要的。实际应用中,常用人工读取或通过设定幅值阈值来获取信号的到达时间。针对以上常用方法的缺点,结合噪声信号的AR模型和声发射信号的AR模型,应用Akaike信息准则,实现了对声发射信号到达时间的自动识别。对实验数据的识别结果显示,该方法对信号的幅频特性变化比较敏感。在相同信噪比的情况下,该方法识别的偏差要小于阈值法。当信噪比较低时,阈值法可能会给出错误的结果,而该方法仍然能够给出较准确的结果。     

基于广义S变换的声发射信号分析及定位

针对声发射信号分析和声源定位问题,提出了基于广义S变换的声发射信号分析方法和三维空间定位方法,推导出了广义S变换的实现过程,使用广义S逆变换对信号进行去噪重构.为保证各传感器时差的准确性,本文利用广义S变换分析声发射信号,提取其主频带能量序列曲线上峰值所对应的时间进行时差计算,然后结合三维空间定位方法对声发射源进行精确定位.仿真实验结果表明该算法能够实现声发射信号的特征提取和准确定位,且误差小,可靠性好.     

基于FBG传感网络和时间反转聚焦成像方法的声发射定位技术研究

针对传统声发射定位系统存在的结构复杂、难以组网、定位精度低等问题,设计了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器网络和时间反转聚焦成像的声发射定位方法。在对时间反转聚焦定位原理分析的基础上,利用四个FBG传感器构建四点定位系统,并采用窄带激光边缘滤波技术实现信号解调。利用Morlet小波提取信号中特定频率成分,并计算模值和时差。通过建立时间反转聚焦模型实现声发射源定位,并在铝合金板结构上对整套成像定位方法进行验证。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地对400mm×400mm监测区域进行声发射定位成像,定位误差小于20mm,耗时小于2s。为声发射检测和定位提供了一种新的方法。     

声发射信号的小波阈值降噪研究

声发射技术检测到的信号是一种非平稳信号,而对于含有噪声的非平稳信号降噪效果较好的方法是小波分析法。通过理论分析和试验研究,论述了基函数和阈值的选取对声发射信号小波降噪效果的影响,分析了声发射信号降噪过程中小波变换和小波包变换的区别,以及小波节点能量与信号降噪效果的联系。     

管道附件影响的管道声发射信号衰减特性

以包含多种附件的液体和气体管道为对象,开展复杂结构管道声发射信号的衰减特性研究。通过采集不同流量压力下管道本体的声发射信号,分析其幅值衰减规律,并用DB8小波包与快速傅里叶变换(FFT)研究管道声发射信号成分变化。通过采集阀门、法兰、流量计等6种管道附件前后的声发射信号并分析衰减规律,发现对声发射信号衰减影响最大的管道部件为电磁流量计。之后重点分析了法兰上螺栓连接紧固程度对信号幅值和频率成分的影响,实验结果表明,螺栓紧固程度越高,声发射信号衰减越小。本文的相关研究结论对工程中进行输油或输气管道进行声发射检测时的传感器布设决策具有集成化的参考价值。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks