MWCNTs特征对MWCNTs/Al复合材料组织及性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)增强铝(Al)基复合材料(MWCNTs/Al),研究MWCNTs的特征对MWCNTs/Al复合材料显微组织结构及性能的影响。采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和拉伸实验对复合材料进行性能测试。结果表明:经过球磨混合的复合粉末中没有碳化铝(Al_4C_3)相,通过烧结和热挤压后出现Al_4C_3相。与长碳纳米管(L-MWCNTs)和短碳纳米管(S-MWCNTs)相比,镀镍碳纳米管(Ni-MWCNTs)在复合材料中分散更均匀,与Al基体的结合性更好,所得到的复合材料硬度和抗拉强度较高,抗拉强度可达到247 MPa,是纯Al的4倍。     

High-performance Ni3Al synthesized from composite powders

Specimens of Ni₃Al + B of high density (>99.3 Pct RD) and relatively large dimension have been synthesized from composite powders through processes of replacing plating and electroless Ni-B plating on Al powder, sintering, and thermal-mechanical treatment. The uniformly coated Ni layer over fine Al or Ni core particles constituting these coating/core composite powders has advantages such as better resistance to oxidation relative to pure Al powder, a greater green density as a compacted powder than prealloyed powder, the possibility of atomically added B to the material by careful choice of a suitable plating solution, and avoidance of the expensive powder metallurgy (PM) equipment such as a hot isostatic press (HIP), hot press (HP),etc. The final Ni₃Al + B product is made from Ni-B-Al and Ni-B-Ni mixed composite powders by means of traditional PM processes such as compacting, sintering, rolling, and annealing, and therefore, the dimensions of the product are not constrained by the capacity of an HIP or HP. The properties of Ni₃Al composite powder metallurgy (CPM) specimens tested at room temperature have been obtained, and comparison with previous reports is conducted. A tensile elongation of about 16 Pct at room temperature was attained.     

气体雾化法制备TiB2/Al复合材料粉末及其组织演变

采用氟盐反应法制备TiB₂/Al复合材料铸锭,并以此为原料利用高压气体雾化制粉技术制备TiB₂/Al复合材料粉末。利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、粒度分布仪等手段对所制备铸锭和粉末的组织及性能进行了表征。结果表明:Al熔体中TiB₂的溶度积远小于TiAl₃和AlB₂的溶度积,TiB₂自Al熔体中沉淀析出导致的体系Gibbs自由能变化量比TiAl₃或AlB₂自Al熔体中沉淀析出导致的体系Gibbs自由能变化量的值更小。TiB₂/Al复合材料铸锭及粉末均主要由α-Al相和TiB₂相组成。气体雾化制备TiB₂/Al复合材料粉末中TiB₂颗粒具有纳米尺度,且均匀弥散地分布于Al基体之中,不存在明显的偏聚现象。TiB₂/Al复合材料粉末的粒度主要分布在10～100 μm之间,呈正态分布,粒径介于10～70 μm粉末占比（质量分数）约为81.1%,粒径大于70 μm粉末收得率为12.6%,粒径小于10 μm粉末收得率为6.3%。     

包裹型SiO2/Al复合粉体的制备及烧结性能研究

为了克服金属陶瓷两相分布不均、界面不润湿和难以烧结致密等难题,采用球磨技术将增强相均匀包裹在基体材料表面,研究包裹型SiO₂/Al复合粉体的球磨制备工艺及其烧结性能,提高金属陶瓷的综合性能。结果表明,随着球磨时间的延长,SiO₂/Al复合粉体的比表面积先增大后减小,球磨6 h获得的复合粉体比表面积最大,达到8.1 m2·g?1。随着球料比的增大,SiO₂/Al复合粉体的比表面积先增大后减小,说明SiO₂包裹在Al粉表面的量呈现先增多再减少的趋势。随着球磨转速的增大,SiO₂/Al复合粉体比表面积先增大后减小。随着烧结温度的提高,SiO₂/Al金属陶瓷表面硬度先增高后降低,在烧结温度为900 ℃时,SiO₂/Al金属陶瓷的表面硬度达到最高。球磨时间为6 h,球料比为2:1,球磨转速为360 r·min?1,烧结温度900 ℃可以获得性能较佳的SiO₂/Al金属陶瓷。     

Synthesis and characterisation of quasicrystalline Al based composites

Abstract

Al matrix composites reinforced by Al–Cu–Fe quasicrystalline (QC) phase particles were produced from a mixture of Al and QC powders using electrical current heating and conventional sintering. A combination of X-ray diffractrometry, transmission and scanning electron microscopy was used to characterise the microstructure of consolidated specimens. The metallic bonding of the Al matrix and particles was improved by higher temperature sintering or electrical current heating. However, the dissolution of QC particles into the Al matrix was inevitable during heating and resulted in the formation of ω and/or β phases. The dissolution of QC particles was effectively reduced using prealloyed Al powder containing 2 at.-%Cu. This had led to an increase in microhardness from 96 to 139 HV for specimens using pure Al to prealloyed Al powders. A homogeneous distribution of QC particles within the Al matrix could be achieved by mechanical milling followed by consolidation.     

Effect of surface oxide films on the properties of pulse electric-current sintered metal powders

Metallic powders with various thermodynamic stability oxide films (Ag, Cu, and Al powders) were sintered using a pulse electric-current sintering (PECS) process. Behavior of oxide films at powder surfaces and their effect on the sintering properties were investigated. The results showed that the sintering properties of metallic powders in the PECS process were subject to the thermodynamic stability of oxide films at particles surfaces. The oxide films at Ag powder surfaces are decomposed during sintering with the contact region between the particles being metal/metal bond. The oxide films at Cu powder surfaces are mainly broken via loading pressure at a low sintering temperature. At a high sintering temperature, they are mainly dissolved in the parent metal, and the contact regions turn into the direct metal/metal bonding. Excellent sintering properties can be received. The oxide films at Al powder surfaces are very stable, and cannot be decomposed and dissolved, but broken by plastic deformation of particles under loading pressure at experimental temperatures. The interface between particles is partially bonded via the direct metal/metal bonding making it difficult to achieve good sintered properties.     

非对称Fe_3Al金属间化合物粉末滤芯研究

采用湿法喷涂与真空高温烧结工艺,制备非对称Fe_3Al金属间化合物粉末滤芯。利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪及X射线衍射仪等设备,观察与分析了滤芯的微观形貌、成分及物相。研究了不同表面膜层厚度滤芯样品的孔隙特性,分析了黏结剂与固化剂对滤芯力学性能的影响,测试了实验样品表面膜层与基体的结合强度。结果表明:经真空高温烧结之后,滤芯表面膜层颗粒仍为球状形貌,颗粒之间形成了相互连接的烧结颈;粗大的滤芯基体颗粒与细小的膜层颗粒之间也形成了烧结颈,两者发生了冶金结合;表面膜层厚度在200μm时,孔径与渗透性具有较好的匹配关系;黏结剂与固化剂对滤芯力学性能没有明显影响;滤芯表面膜层与基体的结合强度高于25 MPa。     

Effect of Al2O3 on Structure and Wearability of Composite Coating

Asasurface strengtheningtechnology ,thether malsprayhasevolvedfromearlynormal protectivecoatingtocurrentfunctionalcoating .Thedevelopmentofcompositepowderisanimportantbreakthroughinthisfield .Particularly ,thenewlydevelopedmetal basedceramiccoatings ,such…     

Influence of atomising gas on particle characteristics of Al,Al–1 wt-%Li,Mg, and Sn powders

Abstract

The influence of physical and flow properties of atomising gas on the particle characteristics of gas atomised Al, Al–1 wt-%Li, Mg, and Sn powders was investigated in a pilot plant gas atomiser with IN4/ON18/3·5–4·0 type ‘confined design’ nozzle. In the tests, Al powders were produced under high and low pressures of argon, under air, (N₂ + O₂ ) mixture, nitrogen, and helium; Al–1 wt-%Li binary alloy powders were produced under argon and helium; Mg powders were produced under high and low pressures of argon and helium; and finally Sn powders were produced under argon, nitrogen, and helium. The morphology, size, size distribution, and surface features of the powders used in the present study were examined under SEM together with dry and wet sieving, used for sizing the powders. It was observed that high gas velocities and/or low atomising gas densities not only affect powder particle size, but also shape and surface texture. The oxygen content of the atomising gases also has an influence on the powder particle shape. In this context, powders produced under helium are finer in size owing to efficient secondary breakup; more spherically shaped in their fine size fraction in non-oxidising or difficult to oxidise atomising liquids (such as Sn and Al), because the time to breakup is shorter than that for solidification; and more irregularly shaped in their coarse size fraction in oxidising atomising liquids (such as Mg and Al–Li) owing to oxygen (the time to breakup is longer than that for solidification) compared with other atomising gases such as argon, air, (N₂ +O₂ ) mixtures, and pure nitrogen.     

硫酸铝铵原位分解制备Al2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料

向铸铝ADC12熔体中添加脱水后的硫酸铝铵,反应分解的Al2O3原位生成颗粒增强铝基复合材料,该方法既可节约成本,同时由NH4Al（SO4）2分解的SO3对熔体具有精炼作用．SEM观察表明,Al2O3颗粒在铝基体中细小弥散分布,形成球形、不团聚的增强体颗粒．与基材相比,该复合材料的耐磨性明显提高;拉伸试验显示,复合材料的抗拉强度和延伸率有所降低．     

放电等离子烧结法制备高导热金刚石/Al复合材料

以金刚石颗粒和铝粉为原料,通过放电等离子烧结(spark plasma sintering,SPS)制备高导热金刚石/Al复合材料,在烧结前采用真空微蒸发镀钛工艺对金刚石颗粒进行表面金属化,以降低复合材料的界面热阻.研究SPS工艺参数、铝粉粒度搭配以及复合材料中金刚石含量(体积分数)等对该复合材料致密度及热导率的影响....     

半固态烧结制备石墨烯/7075铝基复合材料与性能研究

通过球磨混粉+半固态烧结法成功制备出质量分数为0.5%的石墨烯/7075铝基复合材料,通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪和室温拉伸力学性能测试等手段,对石墨烯/7075铝基复合材料的显微组织及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:复合材料中的石墨烯纳米片均匀的分散在7075铝合金基体中,相比于未添加石墨烯的7075铝合金基体,复合材料的密度有所下降,维式硬度和抗拉强度则分别提高了14%和32%,延伸率无明显变化。     

PM processing of elemental and prealloyed 6061 aluminium alloy with and without common lubricants and sintering aids

Abstract

A comparison has been made between compaction, sintering, microstructural and mechanical properties of the 6061 aluminium alloy prepared via premixed elemental (EL) and prealloyed (PA) powders (as received and degassed) with and without additions of sintering aids and various solid and/or liquid lubricants. Both EL and PA powders were cold pressed at different pressures, ranging from 250 to 770 MPa, and sintered under vacuum in the range 580–640^°C for 30–120 min. and then under pure nitrogen atmosphere for comparison. Vacuum degassing of the PA powder provided better compressibility and thus higher green densities than those for the as received PA or the premixed EL powder compacts pressed at compaction pressures ≥340 MPa. Near full sintered densities of , ～98%TD were obtained for both EL and PA 6061 Al alloys. Degassed PA Al with 0·6 wt-% paraffin wax (PW) or with only 0·12 wt-%Pb addition as sintering aid and no lubricant, and premixed EL with only 0·12 wt-%Pb addition and no lubricant gave the best optimum properties. It became apparent that additions of some solid lubricants such as lithium stearate (LS) and acrawax to both the premixed EL and PA powders provided reasonable green densities, but had deleterious effect on sintered densities and microstructures, particularly under vacuum sintering. Heating data curves during the sintering cycle, revealed formation of both transient and persistent liquid phases for the EL and mainly supersolidus liquid phase sintering (SLPS) mechanism for the PA. Tensile properties of the degassed, vacuum or nitrogen sintered PA Al alloy in T6 condition were higher than those of the equivalent alloy prepared by EL mixing with the former giving a tensile strength of 330 MPa and 6–8% elongation to failure, which are similar to those of the commercial (wrought) 6061 Al alloys.     

球磨方式对TiC/316L复合粉末压缩性及烧结行为的影响

应用双对数压制方程和相关烧结模型,分析和探讨不同球磨方式对TiC/316L复合粉末的压制特性及烧结行为的影响,并采用扫描电镜观察复合粉末的形貌。结果表明,采用湿磨方式获得的复合粉末,其破碎程度不够,很多316L不锈钢颗粒特别是颗粒较小的不锈钢颗粒变形不大,仍然呈球形,不利于其后续的压制和烧结;采用直接干磨获得的复合粉末,其表面新鲜断裂面多,粉末表面活性大,有利于粉末的烧结致密化,但其加工硬化明显,压制成形性能较差;与其他球磨方式相比,采用先干磨再湿磨的球磨方式获得的复合粉末不仅具有较好的成形性能,而且粉末烧结激活能低,以该粉末为原料可以获得较高相对密度的烧结体。     

机械合金化Ti/Al合金的制备

采用多维摆动式球磨机机械合金化Ti/Al二元粉末,研究了机械合金化过程中粉末结构的变化。Ti/Al混合粉末经高能球磨后,颗粒尺寸下降,Ti、Al晶粒各自逐渐细化至纳米级尺寸,且部分形成非晶,球磨15h后发现了TiAl和Ti3Al金属间化合物。将机械合金化后的粉末进行放电等离子烧结,烧结试样的组成相主要为TiAl和Ti3Al。     

电场活化烧结制备Cu-10Cr-0.5Al_2O_3复合材料

对Cu-10Cr-0.5Al2O3(质量分数,%)混合粉末及球磨复合粉末,采用电场活化烧结技术制备高强高导电铜基块体材料,并研究脉冲峰值电流和通电烧结时间对烧结材料组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着脉冲峰值电流增大,烧结材料的相对密度和导电率均提高,相对密度最高可达99%,硬度和抗弯强度则先上升后下降。当脉冲电流峰值为2.94 kA时,烧结材料具有较好的综合性能,相对密度、硬度、抗弯强度和电导率分别为97.5%、285HV、911MPa和50IACS%;随着通电烧结时间延长,烧结材料的密度、硬度、抗弯强度和导电率均逐渐上升,但烧结时间过长会引起硬度轻微下降;对Cu-10Cr-0.5Al2O3混合粉末进行球磨虽导致烧结材料的电导率下降,但可显著提高材料的硬度和抗弯强度。     

Synthesis and characterization of porous Fe–25 wt.% Al alloy with controllable pore structure

Porous Fe–25 wt.% Al alloy is synthesized by reactive synthesis with Fe and Al powders as the raw materials. Various processing parameters such as the final sintering temperature, pressure during cold pressing, and powder size are investigated to control the pore structure of the alloy. It has been shown that the optimal final sintering temperature is around 950–1050°C. When the pressure is higher than 110 MPa, the variation of the pore structure is mainly caused by the change of the pore nature in the as-pressed compact. In addition, the pore structure of porous Fe–25 wt.% Al alloys depends on the size of the raw powders and the weight fraction of different-sized raw powders.     

Al2O3-Y2O3 Nano- and Micro-Composite Coatings on Fe-9Cr-Mo Alloy

Al2O3-Y2O3 nano- and micro-composite coatings were deposited on Fe-9Cr-Mo substrates by using sol-gel composite coating technology. The processing includes dipping samples in a sol-gel solution dispersed with fine ceramic powders, which are prepared by high-energy ball milling. High-resolution microscopy （FE-SEM） analyses show that the coating is composed of composite particle clusters with an average diameter of 1μm, and the coating is relatively dense without cracking during drying and sintering stages. XRD analyses show that the oxide coating is mainly composed of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3. The oxidation tests performed at 600℃ in air show that the coatings are provided with much improved resistance against high temperature oxidation and scale spallation. It is indicated that nano-structured composite particles and reactive elements are integrated into the coatings, which plays an important role in preventing agglomeration of nano-particles and initiation of cracks.     

机械合金化制备Zr50Cu40Ai10非晶合金粉末及其晶化研究

以金属Zr、Cu和Al为原料,通过真空熔炼和气体雾化制备Zr-Cu-Al合金粉末,再经高能球磨得到Zr50Cu40Al10非晶合金粉末。采用氮/氧分析仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和热分析仪(DSC)对其非晶形成能力及晶化行为进行研究。结果表明,球磨120h后可获得Zr50Cu40Al10非晶合金粉末,且随球磨时间增加,粉末的颗粒尺寸逐渐减小,90h后达到亚微米级。球磨过程中由于铁的增加,使合金的结构"混乱度"增加、负混合热增大,因而热稳定性增强,其过冷区间ΔTx为62K,约为雾化法制备的非晶合金粉末的2倍。此外,采用非等温晶化方法,用KISSINGER方程计算出机械合金化Zr50Cu40Al10非晶合金的玻璃转变和初始晶化的表观激活能分别为152.6kJ/mol和172.4kJ/mol,远小于相应的气体雾化法制备的Zr50Cu40Al10非晶合金粉末表观激活能,其原因是粉末中氧含量和体系自由能较高。     

Utilization of waste of Al - B fiber composites for obtaining new powder and sintered materials

Composite powder based on AlB has been obtained by crushing pieces of industrial-waste Al - B fiber composite material at room temperature. The original design of a high precision microhardness tester made it possible to estimate the properties of powder particles both in the near-surface layers and under them. The aluminum fraction in the powder was established to represent a new structurally nonhomogenous material with increased microhardness (1.5 GPa), which grows up to 4 GPa in the near-surface layers. This is caused by formation of defects and stable oxides on external and internal interfaces in the aluminum matrix during crushing. To optimize the process of AlB powder sintering, adhesion on clean and real Al - B and Al/Al interfaces at various temperatures was investigated. By sintering at 910 K, new ceramic materials have been obtained with a density of 2200 kg/m³ and a strength of 90 MPa.