异构分布式环境下多DAG工作流的混合调度策略

关于多个DAG工作流在异构分布式环境下调度的研究近来有了新的进展,也解决了一些问题,但现阶段还没有考虑和解决根据不同类型DAG的需求按优先级进行分类,以及对不同时间到达的多个不同优先级DAG进行调度的问题.为解决这些问题,针对各用户对DAG工作流的QoS需求的不同,在对不同用户的DAG工作流进行优先级划分的基础上,首先提出了一种新的调度模型,并改进了已有的公平调度算法,解决在不同时间上被提交的具有相同优先级的多个DAG工作流之间调度的公平性问题.为了提高资源利用率和高优先级DAG尽可能小地受低优先级DAG的影响,又提出了一种适用于多个不同优先级DAG之间调度的Backfill算法.在新的系统模型和这两种算法的基础上,提出了一种混合调度策略.实验结果表明,这种混合调策略能够兼顾不同时间到达的多个不同类型DAG调度需求和资源利用率的改善.另外,通过实验发现了关于两个DAG调度所特有的"拖尾"规律,具有进一步研究和应用的价值.     

基于最小化传输和完成时间的多DAG调度

针对云计算环境下多个有向无环图(DAG)工作流的调度问题,提出一种基于最小化数据传输时间和任务完成时间(LTCT)的算法,用于处理具有相同优先级的多个DAG工作流之间的调度问题。在多个DAG优先级各不相同时的情况下,给出多优先级多DAG的混合调度算法。实验结果表明,LTCT算法较E-Fairness算法在保证多DAG调度公平性的基础上,能避免额外的数据传输开销,有利于缩短整个工作流的执行Makespan,提高资源的利用率。     

一种智能电视终端在线自适应多资源调度方法

针对智能电视终端面临的运行时资源冲突和过载控制问题,提出一种在线自适应多资源调度方法(OARSA).该方法根据资源特点和应用优先级对独占型资源进行动态优先级抢占式调度,避免了资源冲突;采用反馈控制算法对共享型资源进行QoS调度,直到实现QoS比例公平性,并采用QoS比例压缩法消除资源过载.实验结果表明,OARSA具备过载控制能力,仅以系统总体QoS下降4.5％为代价,解决了资源冲突,并提高了系统重负载下的响应性能,且算法耗时比现有方法降低约30％,更加适用于智能电视终端的资源调度.     

一种新颖的网格工作流调度算法

针对当前网格工作流调度算法中大多只考虑DAG结构的网格工作流、涉及QoS参数较少及将多QoS参数聚合成一个单目标函数进行优化调度的现状,提出了一种新颖的网格工作流调度算法。该算法基于表达结构丰富的AGWL语言建模网格工作流,且基于MOPSO算法所设计的带多QoS约束的多目标优化的网格工作流调度算法。通过与基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法的网格工作流调度算法比较,表明了该算法的有效性。     

基于集群拓扑结构的工作流调度研究

针对MapReduce的默认调度策略先进先出(FIFO)在执行任务时考虑本地性调度带来的任务等待时间长、资源利用率不高和没有考虑任务的优先级等问题,提出一种基于集群拓扑结构的工作流实时调度算法。MapReduce在对工作流进行Map处理时,首先根据taskTracker的计算能力和数据大小对map阶段工作流的完成时间进行估计,得到一个完成时间隶属函数,然后再利用集群的拓扑结构,得到taskTracker在集群中的距离隶属函数,根据这两个隶属函数来对集群中的taskTracker在工作流处理时间和数据传输时间进行综合性能评估,这样可以有效地缩短任务的等待时间并提高资源的利用率。同时该算法采用对作业进行优先级划分的方式,满足不同类型作业的需求。大量的实验结果表明:该优化策略在平均完成时间和平均等待时间方面要优于FIFO算法,可以有效提高工作流处理的实时性。     

异构计算环境下一种新型的多DAG任务调度算法

随着计算机技术的发展与用户需求的不断提升,多有向无环图(DAG)共享一组异构计算资源的问题受到广泛的关注。但由于实际任务的复杂多变,多个DAG之间存在一定的差异,导致多DAG调度策略存在公平性问题。为此,提出一种改进的启发式公平调度算法IFairness。在选择待调度DAG阶段采用一种新的评判指标DAG完成度,代替原Fairness算法中的剩余Makespan作为DAG选择依据,在计算每个DAG的滞后程度阶段,采用"向后看"一步的原则,解决某些DAG在初期得不到调度的问题。仿真结果表明,与原Fairness算法相比,IFairness算法不公平程度降低了7.28%,资源利用率提升了11.97%,有效提高了调度算法的公平性及资源利用率。     

融合DE和NSGA-Ⅱ算法的网格工作流调度研究*

针对当前网格工作流调度算法中大多只考虑DAG结构的网格工作流、考虑QoS维数较少及将多QoS参数聚合成一个单目标函数进行优化调度的现状,基于AGWL网格工作流模型,提出了一种带QoS约束的多目标优化的网格工作流调度算法,该算法是将DE的变异和交叉算子替换NSGA-Ⅱ中的变异和交叉操作所设计的一种调度算法。通过与基于NSGA-Ⅱ的网格工作流调度算法比较,表明了该算法的有效性。     

Hadoop集群环境下本地性调度算法改进

Hadoop集群环境下本地性调度算法是提高数据本地性的算法。算法本质是提高数据本地性,减少数据传输时间,减少集群的网络I/O,提高资源利用率。由于调度算法采用FIFO方式,当前作业数据量大时将影响其他紧急性高的作业响应时间,降低系统性能。本文提出一种新的调度策略,即在保证原算法数据本地性的前提下,集成静态优先级的抢占调度策略。实验结果表明,在相同的数据集上,采用集成静态优先级抢占的调度策略,优先级高的作业响应时间较优先级低的作业响应时间减少。     

基于QoS效用函数的比例公平调度算法

比例公平调度算法应用于多媒体业务调度时,不能满足其多方面的服务质量(QoS)需求,尤其是当有业务的瞬时QoS参数值接近业务可忍受的QoS阈值时,该业务的调度优先级变化趋势不明显,使该业务不能被及时调度,降低了多媒体业务的通信质量。为此,在PF算法调度优先级判断表达式中引入QoS因子参数项,加强服务质量需求参数项对调度的影响,提出基于QoS效用函数的比例公平调度算法。实验结果证明,该算法可以迅速增加接近QoS阈值多媒体业务的调度机会,使VolP业务的平均延时降低44%、公平性提高3%。     

多QoS约束的双目标最优的网格工作流调度研究*

针对当前网格工作流调度算法中大多只考虑DAG结构的网格工作流,涉及QoS参数较少或将多QoS参数聚合成一个单目标函数进行优化调度,提出了一种多QoS约束的双目标最优的网格工作流调度算法。该算法是基于AGWL网格工作流模型和改进的MOPSO算法,其目标是在满足可靠性、可利用性和声誉这三维QoS参数约束下,同时最小化两个冲突目标,即响应时间和服务费用。通过与原MOPSO所设计的网格工作流调度算法比较,该算法能获得更优的优化解。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.