Hydrolysis of Olive Oil with Immobilized Lipase in a Tapered Column Reactor

Lipase was immobilized in ion exchange resin and then used in the hydrolysis of olive oil to produce fatty acids and glycerol. The time course of hydrolysis of olive oil was investigated in a stirred tank reactor using both of the free and immobilized lipases to find the yield of activity of immobilized enzyme. Continuous hydrolysis of olive oil was also carried out in a tapered column reactor and a cylindrical column reactor with a bottom ID of 10 mm at different upward flow rates. It can be known from experimental results that the degree of hydrolysis of olive oil in the tapered column reactor is moderately better than that in the cylindrical column reactor, the pressure drop in the tapered column reactor is much smaller than that in the cylindrical column reactor.     

Hydrodynamics of three-phase fluidization of homogeneous ternary mixture in a conical conduit——Experimental and statistical analysis

Hydrodynamics of conical fluidized bed differ from that of columnar beds by the fact that a velocity gradient exists along the axial direction of the bed.The gas–liquid–solid fluidized bed has emerged in recent years as one of the most promising devices for three-phase operations.Such a device is of considerable industrial importance as evident from its wide applications in chemical,refining,petrochemical,biochemical processing,pharmaceutical and food industries.To explore this,a series of experiments have been carried out for homogeneous well-mixed ternary mixtures of dolomite of varying compositions in a three-phase conical fluidized bed.The hydrodynamic characteristics determined included the bed pressure drop,bed fluctuation and bed expansion ratios.The single and combined effects of operating parameters such as superficial gas velocity,superficial liquid velocity,initial static bed height,average particle size and cone angle on the responses have been analyzed using response surface methodology(RSM).A 25 full factorial central composite experimental design has been employed.Analysis of variance(ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination value and satisfactory prediction second-order regression models have been derived.Experimental values of bed pressure drop,bed fluctuation and bed expansion ratios have been found to agree well with the developed correlations.     

填料塔气液并流接触时压降的研究

以内径72 mm的玻璃吸收塔为主体,分别采用Mellapack-250X型金属孔板波纹规整填料以及Dg16塑料阶梯环散堆填料作为传质媒介。以水-SO2作为研究体系,结合气液逆流接触吸收试验对比分析气液并流接触时填料层压降的情况,并分别考察了气相动能因子F和液气比L/V对填料吸收塔气液并流接触时填料层压降的影响。填料层压降随着气相动能因子F的增大呈指数型增长,随着液气比的增加而升高,并流操作时的影响相对逆流操作时变化幅度较小。通过试验结果拟合出相应压降的关联式,为进一步的工艺设计与优化提供相关依据与理论指导。     

错流旋转填料床气相压降的研究

利用空气-水系统对错流旋转填料床的气相压降进行了实验研究。采用因次分析的方法推导出错流旋转填料床气相压降的无因次关联式。结果表明,错流旋转填料床欧拉准数在旋转填料床转速与气速之比(旋流比)小于30时,欧拉准数随旋流比的增大反而减小;当旋流比大于30时,欧拉准数随旋流比的增大而增大。旋流比小于30时欧拉准数与填料层轴向厚度的0.9次方成正比,旋流比大于30时欧拉准数与填料层轴向厚度的0.5次方成正比。湿床旋流比小于30时,欧拉准数随进液量的增大而上升;旋流比大于30时,欧拉准数随进液量的增大而下降。     

三角形螺旋填料旋转床气相压降特性

为深入了解三角形螺旋填料旋转床气相压降的影响因素及规律,以空气-水为实验物系进行了实验和模型研究。改变气、液流量及转速测定气相压降的实验结果表明,气体流量和转速的增大均使干、湿床气相压降增大;液体流量增大时湿床气相压降先减小,而后基本保持不变;该旋转填料床具有气相压降小、操作弹性大的优点。按照气相压降产生的机理,将其分为局部压降、离心压降、转子外内腔压降和填料主体压降4部分进行模型研究,其中用旋涡理论描述转子外内腔压降、用简化的模型描述填料主体压降是新提出的方法,且所建模型能较好地描述气相压降的规律。     

填料塔压降、液泛研究进展

综述近１０多年来填料塔压降、液泛研究的进展,归纳了压降、泛点关联的三类方法,强调建立数据库的重要性,指出该领域尚有许多有待解决的问题。     

Using Artificial Neural Network to Predict the Pressure Drop in a Rotating Packed Bed

Although rotating beds are good equipments for intensified separations and multiphase reactions, but the fundamentals of its hydrodynamics are still unknown. In the wide range of operating conditions, the pressure drop across an irrigated bed is significantly lower than dry bed. In this regard, an approach based on artificial intelligence, that is, artificial neural network (ANN) has been proposed for prediction of the pressure drop across the rotating packed beds (RPB). The experimental data sets used as input data (280 data points) were divided into training and testing subsets. The training data set has been used to develop the ANN model while the testing data set was used to validate the performance of the trained ANN model. The results of the predicted pressure drop values with the experimental values show a good agreement between the prediction and experimental results regarding to some statistical parameters, for example (AARD% = 4.70, MSE = 2.0 × 10^?5 and R² = 0.9994). The designed ANN model can estimate the pressure drop in the countercurrent flow rotating packed bed with unexpected phenomena for higher pressure drop in dry bed than in wet bed. Also, the designed ANN model has been able to predict the pressure drop in a wet bed with the good accuracy with experimental.     

规整丝网填料旋转填充床的气相压降特性及脱硫性能

采用空气-水体系,对装有4种不同规格规整丝网填料的旋转填充床的压降特性进行了实验研究,考察了转速、气体流量、液体流量等操作参数及填料特性对气相压降的影响规律,并与传统不锈钢波纹丝网填料旋转填充床压降进行了比较. 结果表明,装有规整丝网填料的旋转填充床压降可降低35%~70%. 进一步采用压降较低的规整丝网填料以(NH4)2SO3为吸收剂进行氨法脱硫性能研究,结果表明,随转子转速和(NH4)2SO3浓度增大,SO2脱除率升高;随进气口SO2浓度升高及气液比增大,SO2脱除率降低;SO2脱除率最高可达97%,可满足国家排放标准.     

旋转填料床气相压降研究进展

本文概要介绍了旋转填料床的工作原理及结构组成 ,着重讨论了旋转填料床气相压降的实验及理论研究情况 ,分析了气相压降与旋转填料床转速以及气体流量的关系     

旋转床内液体流动的实验研究

旋转床是一种强化传质与反应的高效分离设备。本文首次利用高速频闪摄影的办法对旋转床内液体流动进行了实验研究,得到了不同操作条件下,液体在填料空间呈现出的液滴、液膜和液线等形态照片,并测得填料主体区液滴尺寸,为旋转床流体流动和传质模拟及基础研究打下了基础。     

错流移动床的压降特性

在矩形移动床内考察了颗粒下移速度、颗粒堆积状态及空腔生成和长大发展过程等因素对压降的影响. 在错流气体速度为0.09~1.35 m/s、颗粒下移速度为0.95~9.68 cm/min的较大变化范围内进行了实验研究. 结果表明,颗粒下移速度对压降几乎没有影响;当错流气速足够大时移动床内将出现"空腔"和"贴壁"等现象,空腔的发展过程造成压降随时间出现稳定、微波脉动和大幅波动3种变化;欧根公式适用于低错流气速时的移动床压降;高错流气速下空腔出现了"生成-长大-塌落-流化"的循环变化过程. 在实验基础上建立了有空腔时的移动床压降模型,并对空腔尺寸进行了无因次关联,其床层压降的计算结果与实验值相符.     

填料层阻力的实验研究

对鲍尔环、阶梯环和多面空心球三种填料的阻力进行了测试,得出了填料层的阻力系数。结果表明：在相同的条件下,鲍尔环阻力最大、阶梯环阻力最小、多面空心球阻力居中。干填料层的阻力系数随空塔气速的增大而减少,湿填料层的阻力系数随空塔气速的增大而增大。利用阻力系数法计算填料层阻力具有简单、准确的优点。