三基发射药单螺杆压伸模具流场仿真及实验验证

为了实现三基发射药生产工艺中的连续化压伸,同时避免模具内部螺旋状流道造成的三基发射药成型的质量和安全问题,应用ANSYS软件模拟了发射药物料在模具内的挤压过程及模针的受力情况。分析了收缩角、出料方向和模具结构对物料在模具中的温度、模具壁面压力、模针表面受力和物料出料速度分布的影响规律,并通过实验进行了验证。结果表明:模具收缩角越大,模具内压力越大,物料温度也越高,且越容易形成热点,同时模针外表面受到的挤压力和摩擦力也越大,模针越容易出现变形和断裂;竖直挤出过程中,模具壁面压力及模针受力均远大于水平挤出中的相应参数,且容易造成挤出后物料的弯曲;增加多孔板有利于物料在挤出模具中的整流和取向,大幅减少物料的径向流动,降低模针在挤出过程中的受力,且成型质量更好。     

液态浸渗挤压Al_2O_(3sf)/2A12铝基复合材料表面损伤的预测

建立了Al_2O_(3sf)/2A12铝基复合材料液态浸渗挤压表面缺陷预测的数学模型,基于L9(3~4)正交试验实验表模拟了9种在不同工艺参数下液态浸渗挤压成形Al_2O_(3sf)/2A12铝基复合材料制件的损伤分布规律,研究了工艺参数对损伤形成的影响规律.结果表明:由于不均匀变形以及制件表面的局部过热,在坯料模角处易产生表面环向裂纹;保压时间对表面损伤形成的影响最大,其次为浇注温度和模具预热温度,挤压速度的影响比较小.通过优化工艺参数,可以有效地避免表面损伤的产生,挤出表面质量良好的制件,模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合.     

直齿圆柱齿轮温锻成形工艺参数优化

对直齿轮温锻成形过程进行数值模拟,选取不同参数和水平进行正交试验设计,将齿轮的成形力和凹模模具磨损作为2项指标,并基于该2项指标分析试验结果,得出坯料初始温度、模具预热温度、工模间摩擦系数、锻压速度等对成形过程的影响,并获得较优的工艺参数值。模拟结果与实验结果吻合,对实际生产起到了指导作用。     

大挤压比薄壁件复合挤压成形工艺过程的数值模拟

采用等温复合挤压工艺成形大挤压比薄壁件,并应用DEFORM对大挤压比薄壁件的复合挤压过程进行有限元数值模拟,分析成形过程中的变形力及金属流动规律.根据模拟得到的应力场、应变场、速度场及加载变化等,也可预测大挤压比薄壁件复合挤压变形时产生的缺陷.     

挤压速度对Ti3Al基合金包套挤压过程影响的数值模拟

目的研究挤压速度对Ti_3Al基合金包套挤压过程的影响规律。方法利用数值模拟技术在Deform-2D有限元软件中模拟Ti_3Al基合金的包套挤压过程。结果挤压速度越大,坯料及包套的温度和等效应变越高,并且坯料成形的挤压比也越大;在模拟的挤压速度范围内,挤压速度对坯料的等效应力场和模具载荷影响较小。结论选择挤压速度时应使坯料温度和应变速率有良好匹配,这样可以提高坯料成形的均匀性,降低模具载荷以及坯料所受到的应力,为Ti_3Al基合金的包套挤压开坯过程提供参考。     

AZ31变形镁合金挤压成形工艺的研究

选择AZ3l变形镁合金,设计了实心棒材、矩形和圆形截面薄壁空心型材试样,对坯料加热、模具预热、润滑剂、挤压比、挤压速度及挤压力等工艺问题与工艺参数,进行了系统的试验研究.总结了成形规律和确定工艺参数的方法,对生产应用将起到重要的参考作用.     

压铸模温度场与铸件质量关系的研究与应用

运用有限元分析软件ANSYS对薄壁铝合金压铸件的压铸过程进行温度场数值模拟分析,研究了浇注温度、模具预热温度对温度场分布的影响,分析了热应力集中的位置,从而有效控制了铸件因热应力引起的体积收缩,保证了铸件质量及其精度,优化了压铸工艺参数,为压铸模具的热应力分析奠定了基础。     

实心边框铝型材挤压数值模拟与模具结构优化

目的针对汽车用某实心边框铝型材出口流速不均匀的现象,改进模具的工作带、阻流块和促流角结构。方法运用专业铝型材挤压成形有限元软件系统,对型材的挤压过程进行分析,模拟稳态挤压成形过程,以速度相对差作为衡量速度均匀程度的指标。结果初始模具结构挤出的型材流速不均匀。通过改变工作带长度、增设阻流块以及增加促流角的方法,使得模具出口处的金属流速变得均匀。结论改进后模具所受的压力更小,可以减小模具的磨损,增加模具寿命,模拟结果与实验吻合。     

航空座椅零部件等温锻造工艺及模具设计

利用DEFORM-3D有限元软件数模拟技术对航空座椅零部件工艺参数和等温锻造模具进行设计。建立有限元模型,采用DEFORM-3D有限元软件对其成形过程进行数值模拟,分析了锻造温度和锻造速度对锻造力的影响,并从模具寿命方面考虑设计了模具预热温度等成形工艺参数。结果表明,采用等温锻造模具在40MN液压机上能够生产出合格的航空座椅零部件工件;毛坯加热温度为370℃～390℃,模具预热温度为370℃～390℃,锻压速度为1.0 mm/s,锻造性能较好,符合设计要求。     

基于DEFORM-3D大型挤压筒温度场的仿真分析

在金属静液挤压成形工艺中,挤压筒与模具的预热工艺(预热温度、加热及保温时间)对金属挤压成形过程以及挤压制品的力学性能有着重要影响。本工作采用DEFORM-3D软件对40 MN卧式静液挤压机的挤压系统的温度场进行了有限元仿真,给出了挤压系统的稳态、瞬态温度场以及挤压筒内表面的瞬态温度分布;并对挤压筒内表面的温度进行了实验验证,测试结果表明,挤压筒内表面温度分布与仿真结果非常吻合,相对误差小于5%。因此,本工作所建立的温度场仿真模型为大型挤压系统预热工艺参数的确定以及挤压系统自身结构优化提供了一个有效的理论依据。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...