三角形布管方式下2种换热器的场协同分析

基于采用周期性全截面计算模型得到的帘式折流片换热器和折流板换热器壳程流体流动和传热数值计算结果,应用场协同原理对二者传热性能进行了分析。分析了帘式折流片换热器在壳程不同位置处的速度和湍流度,以及场协同角和对流传热系数,并与折流板换热器相同位置处的情况进行了对比。由于折流板壳程流体为横向流动,而帘式折流片壳程总体上是纵向流动,故折流板换热器的平均流速和湍动度稍高于帘式折流片换热器,平均流速为帘式折流片换热器的1.15倍,其湍动程度为帘式折流片换热器的1.4倍;折流板换热器2条验证线上的场协同角的平均值均小于帘式折流片换热器。研究结果为管壳式换热器结构改进和性能提升提供了参考依据,同时帘式折流片换热器的这种结构特点对于节能降耗的研究也具有重要意义。     

Experimental performance comparison of shell-side heat transfer for shell-and-tube heat exchangers with middle-overlapped helical baffles and segmental baffles

Presented in this paper are experimental test and comparison for several shell-and-tube heat exchangers, one with segmental baffles and four with helical baffles at helix angles of 20^°, 30^°, 40^° and 50^°, respectively. The results show that, based on the same shell-side flow rate, the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger with helical baffles is lower than that of the heat exchanger with segmental baffles while the shell-side pressured drop of the former is even much lower than that of the later. Further enhancement techniques should be incorporated in order to enhance shell-side heat transfer based on the same flow rate. The comparison of heat transfer coefficient per unit pressure-drop (and pumping power) versus shell-side volume flow rate shows that (1) the heat exchanger with helical baffles have significant performance advantage over the heat exchanger with segmental baffles; (2) for the same shell inner diameter, the performance of heat exchanger with helical baffles with 30° helix angle is better than that of 20°, and the performance of 40° helix angle is better than that of 50° helix angle. The heat exchanger with helical baffles of 40° angle shows the best performance among the five heat exchangers tested.     

管壳式换热器强化传热的数值模拟分析

阐述了换热器管程强化传热强化管和管内插入物2种结构及其性能特点,并用场协同原理和数值模拟方法分析了其强化传热机理。模拟分析的结果为:光滑管内,速度矢量与温度矢量二者之间的夹角接近90℃,传热效果较差;在管内插入物情况下:两者之间的夹角小于90℃,流场和温度场的协同性更好:从而实现了强化传热。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON HEAT TRANSFER AND FRICTION FACTOR CHARACTERISTICS OF TURBULENT FLOW THROUGH A CIRCULAR TUBE FITTED WITH RIGHT AND LEFT HELICAL SCREW-TAPE INSERTS

Experimental investigation on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of a circular tube fitted with right–left helical screw inserts of equal and unequal length of different twist ratios is presented. The experimental data obtained were compared with those obtained from plain tube published data. The heat transfer enhancement for right–left helical screw inserts is higher than that for straight helical twist for a given twist ratio. The effect of right–left twist length on heat transfer augmentation is presented. The empirical relations for Nusselt number, friction factor relating Reynolds number, twist ratio, and right–left twist distance were formed and found to fit the experimental data within 10% and 20% for Nusselt number and friction factor respectively. Performance evaluation analysis was made, and the performance ratio of more than one was obtained, indicating that the proposed twist inserts can be used effectively for heat transfer augmentation without any loss in pumping power.     

不同倾角螺旋叶片转子综合传热性能数值模拟

对叶片倾角在30°～60°之间的7种开槽螺旋叶片转子的湍流流动与传热特性进行了数值模拟研究。数值模拟采用RNG 湍流模型,采用SIMPLE算法进行速度和压力的耦合,对管内壁面采用强化壁面处理法。选取管程入口流量为2.6 m3/h时管程中部截面的速度场、温度场和湍流强度进行了分析,结果表明,开槽螺旋叶片转子可在换热管内引起旋流,增强管内流体湍动,促进对流传热。考虑转子引起传热和阻力两方面因素,采用综合评价指标PEC对7种不同倾角转子进行比较,叶片倾角为60°的开槽螺旋叶片转子具有较好的综合传热性能。     

螺旋缠绕波节管传热与流动性能分析

以水为工质,对螺旋缠绕波节管湍流状态下传热与流阻性能进行数值计算,分析了其强化换热的机理,并分析了波节深度H与波节间距P对其传热与流动阻力的影响。结果表明:相同工况下,螺旋缠绕波节管的综合换热性能优于螺旋缠绕光管;流体在管内做螺旋运动,由于离心力的作用,在垂直流体主流方向上产生二次流;管横截面周期性的扩张与收缩,使流体在波节内产生沿流体主流方向上的回流,它们对流体边界层产生很强的破坏作用,使湍流程度增强,对换热有较好的强化作用;随着波节深度H的增大,Nu提高,f增大,综合传热性能逐渐提高;随着波节间距P的减小,Nu提高,f降低,综合传热性能逐渐提高。     

连续螺旋折流板换热器壳程流动与传热数值模拟

建立了连续螺旋折流板换热器三维模型并划分网格,采用分离式求解器、SIMPLE压力速度耦合方式与Realizable k-ε湍流模型,利用FLUENT软件对连续螺旋折流板换热器壳程流体流动与传热进行了模拟计算,得到壳程流体速度、压力与温度分布图,并与传统弓形折流板换热器作比较。螺旋折流板节距与弓形折流板间距相等时,螺旋折流板换热器壳程传热系数增加了25%左右,而压力降减小了18%左右。通过对不同螺旋角度的螺旋折流板换热器进行模拟分析,发现随螺旋角增大壳程传热系数和压力降都呈减小趋势,且壳程流体进口平均速度越大,作用越明显,故在实际工程中,盲目追求高的传热系数或低的压降都是不可取的。本数值模拟可为螺旋折流板换热器进一步的工程研究提供可靠的理论参考依据。     

交叉间断肋片与凹槽强化传热的实验与数值研究(英文)

Experimental and numerical investigations have been conducted to study turbulent flow of water and heat transfer characteristics in a rectangular channel with discontinuous crossed ribs and grooves.The tests investigated the overall heat transfer performance and friction factor in ribbed and ribbed-grooved channels with rib angle of 30°.The experimental results show that the overall thermo-hydraulic performance for ribbed-grooved channel is increased by 10%-13.6% when compared to ribbed channel.The investigation on the effects of different rib angles and rib pitches on heat transfer characteristics and friction factor in ribbed-grooved channel was carried out using Fluent with SST(shear-stress transport) k-ω turbulence model.The numerical results indicate that the case for rib angle of 45° shows the best overall thermo-hydraulic performance,about 18%-36% higher than the case for rib angle of 0°.In addition,the flow patterns and local heat transfer characteristics for ribbed and ribbed-grooved channels based on the numerical simulation were also analyzed to reveal the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement.     

矩形截面高宽比对射流强化螺旋通道传热性能的影响

为了进一步探究具有不同截面高宽比的单一螺旋通道内流体湍流流动与换热特性以及射流对矩形截面螺旋通道的强化传热效果,采用计算流体动力学软件模拟研究了高宽比γ分别为0.625, 1.1, 1.6和2.5时,单一矩形螺旋通道及射流作用下螺旋通道内的湍流流场、二次流场及强化换热特性。结果表明,对于单一矩形螺旋通道,相同横截面积和流量时,仅当γ≥1.6的通道在高雷诺数下二次流会出现四涡结构,其余为两涡结构。对于单一螺旋通道,γ值越大流动阻力越小,同时换热性能越差。加入射流后,矩形截面四个壁面的换热能力均有提高,γ值越大射流的强化传热效果越显著,研究范围内局部壁面换热努塞尔数的平均值(Nulocal)m最高可为单一螺旋通道的2.51倍。考虑流量增加的影响,射流影响下的螺旋通道区域内综合强化传热因子PEC2在1.05~1.21之间。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON HEAT TRANSFER AND FRICTION FACTOR CHARACTERISTICS OF TURBULENT FLOW THROUGH A CIRCULAR TUBE FITTED WITH RIGHT AND LEFT HELICAL SCREW-TAPE INSERTS

Experimental investigation on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of a circular tube fitted with right-left helical screw inserts of equal and unequal length of different twist ratios is presented. The experimental data obtained were compared with those obtained from plain tube published data. The heat transfer enhancement for right-left helical screw inserts is higher than that for straight helical twist for a given twist ratio. The effect of right-left twist length on heat transfer augmentation is presented. The empirical relations for Nusselt number, friction factor relating Reynolds number, twist ratio, and right-left twist distance were formed and found to fit the experimental data within 10% and 20% for Nusselt number and friction factor respectively. Performance evaluation analysis was made, and the performance ratio of more than one was obtained, indicating that the proposed twist inserts can be used effectively for heat transfer augmentation without any loss in pumping power.     

换热管内置螺旋线圈的阻力及传热特性实验研究

将9种不同结构尺寸的螺线线圈分别置入换热管内进行实验研究,分析了其阻力和传热特性。实验结果表明,在相同的Re下,管内插入螺旋线圈后流体压降和传热系数都有较大提高。通过多元线性回归分析,得到了压降增量和传热系数关联式。由传热性能分析,得到了综合评价因子φ=0.77~1.60,为如何选用性能优越的螺旋线圈提供了参考依据。     

内置螺旋弹簧换热管内流动与传热三维数值模拟

为研究内置螺旋弹簧换热管单管强化传热原理,采用Fluent软件对内置螺旋弹簧换热管内流体流动与传热特性进行数值模拟,考察了弹簧的应用对管内流场、压降和换热性能的影响,并分别取螺旋弹簧节距p分别为2 mm、4 mm、5 mm初步研究了弹簧的节距对强化传热效果的影响。模拟结果显示：弹簧管内流体呈螺旋流动状态,管壁附近流体切向速度和径向速度有一定程度的提高,从而加剧了管内流体的混合及边界层的扰动,充分换热,弹簧管进出口温度差较光管有所增加,最高增加了0.9 ℃;相同雷诺数条件下,内置螺旋弹簧换热管Nu数均高于光管,而压降和阻力系数相比光管有明显增加,随着弹簧节距减小换热增强而摩擦阻力系数增加。     

纳米颗粒粒径对内置扭带螺旋管传热特性的影响

基于纳米流体单相数值模拟方法,对纳米流体协同扭带插入物强化螺旋圆管传热特性进行研究,分析了进口流速0.01~0.07 m/s范围内,纯水以及纳米颗粒粒径为30、40、50、60 nm的Al_2O_3水基纳米流体对内置扭带插入物螺旋圆管努塞尔数的影响。结果表明,纳米流体可以提高努塞尔数,提升效果随着纳米颗粒粒径的减小而增加。通过场协同分析,热流场和速度场的协同程度验证了上述结果。     

基于螺旋片强化的套管换热器性能

基于RNG k-ε模型对螺旋片强化的套管换热器的传热进行模拟,通过模拟结果与文献中的实验结果进行对比来验证模拟的可行性;分析了Reynolds数为2362～16860范围内的螺旋升角α变化对Nusselt数和摩擦阻力系数f的影响;并考察了等泵功率下的综合传热性能PEC值的变化规律。结果表明：Nu和f的平均误差分别为7.1%和1.3%,证明所采用的研究方法是可行的;α在15°～75°范围内,Nu和f均随着α的减小而增大,特别地,当α小于35°时,f随α的减小剧烈增大;在等泵功率下,PEC值为0.84～1.93;α在15°～45°时,α为35°具有较好的综合传热性能,α为55°、65°和75°时,虽然其PEC值比35°时略高,但其Nu与35°时相比要小很多,实际应用中考虑到传热速率的问题,选择35°的螺旋升角较为合适,此时,PEC值为1.26～1.62。另外,为减小f,提出倾斜螺旋片强化的方法;螺旋升角α为35°、螺旋片倾斜角β为10°时,与普通螺旋片相比,Nu基本一致,甚至略大,而f减小了12.5%～14.5%,此时,PEC值为1.38～1.71;场协同理论也很好地验证了这一结果。     

孔板结构换热器传热与阻力性能的数值模拟

基于周期性全截面模型及RNG k-ε湍流模型,运用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对不同孔板结构换热器壳程流体流动以及传热性能进行了数值模拟分析,并通过文献试验数据验证了该数值模拟方法的可行性和准确性。在此基础上,对比分析了三叶孔、四叶孔、五叶孔、大圆孔、小圆孔等5种孔板结构的传热与阻力性能,探讨了支撑板等结构参数对其传热与阻力性能的影响,进一步采用场协同原理探讨了孔板换热器的强化传热机理。研究结果表明：采用RNG k-ε湍流模型以及周期性全截面模型可较为准确地模拟孔板换热器壳程流体流动情况;5种模型中五叶孔换热器的传热特性最好但阻力最大,小圆孔的传热效果最差但阻力最小;随着支撑板间距以及开孔高度的增加,换热器壳程的传热系数和压力降均逐渐降低;在支撑板后,速度矢量与温度梯度之间的夹角波动幅度变化剧烈,起到了强化壳程传热的效果;其中五叶孔板的场协同角波动幅度最大,强化传热效果最好。     

Design and optimization of heat exchangers with helical baffles

The hydrodynamics and heat transfer characteristics of a heat exchanger with single-helical baffles are studied experimentally as well as numerically. A heat exchanger with two-layer helical baffles is designed by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The comparisons of the performance of three heat exchangers with single-segment baffles, single-helical baffles and two-layer helical baffles, respectively, are presented in the paper. The experiment is carried out in counter-current flow pattern with hot oil in shell side and cold water in tube side. Overall heat transfer coefficients are calculated and heat transfer coefficients of shell side are determined by Wilson plots technique. It shows that the heat exchangers with helical baffles have higher heat transfer coefficient to the same pressure drop than that of the heat exchanger with segmental baffles based on the present numerical results, and the configuration of the two-layer helical baffles has better integrated performance than that of the single-helical baffles.     

Numerical study of the flow pattern and heat transfer enhancement in oscillatory baffled reactors with helical coil inserts

Oscillatory baffled reactors (OBRs) are a means of process intensification as they allow processes with long residence time to be converted from batch to continuous processing. Helically baffled OBRs have only been developed at “mesoscale” so far, but at this scale have displayed significant advantages in terms of the increased range of conditions over which plug flow is achieved. Scale-up studies are underway to determine whether this is replicated at larger scales. This paper reports fluid mechanical modeling of a helically baffled oscillatory flow for the first time. Time-dependent flow structures induced in tubular reactors have been analyzed on the basis of periodic, laminar flow numerical simulation. A reversing swirled core flow and its interaction with the unsteady mechanism of vortex shedding downstream of the wires has been described. This has allowed greater understanding of the flow structures, which will underpin optimal design and scale-up. The potential for heat transfer enhancement is discussed, considering the compound effect of oscillatory motion and helical coil inserts. The results show that the heat transfer for the helical baffled tube could be enhanced by a factor of 4 compared to a smooth tube in the tested range of oscillation conditions.     

Effects of baffle inclination angle on flow and heat transfer of a heat exchanger with helical baffles

Numerical simulations were carried out to study the impacts of various baffle inclination angles on fluid flow and heat transfer of heat exchangers with helical baffles. The simulations were conducted for one period of seven baffle inclination angles by using periodic boundaries. Predicted flow patterns from simulation results indicate that continual helical baffles can reduce or even eliminate dead regions in the shell side of shell-and-tube heat exchangers. The average Nusselt number increases with the increase of the baffle inclination angle α when α < 30°. Whereas, the average Nusselt number decreases with the increase of the baffle inclination angle when α > 30°. The pressure drop varies drastically with baffle inclination angle and shell-side Reynolds number. The variation of the pressure drop is relatively large for small inclination angle. However, for α > 40°, the effect of α on pressure drop is very small. Compared to the segmental heat exchangers, the heat exchangers with continual helical baffles have higher heat transfer coefficients to the same pressure drop. Within the Reynolds number studied for the shell side, the optimal baffle inclination angle is about 45°, with which the integrated heat transfer and pressure drop performance is the best. The detailed knowledge on the heat transfer and flow distribution in this investigation provides the basis for further optimization of shell-and-tube heat exchangers.     

扭曲三叶管传热与流阻性能的数值研究

扭曲管换热器是一种新型高效换热器。在扭曲管强化传热机理研究的基础上,提出了一种新的扭曲管管型--三叶管。验证了标准k-ω湍流模型在圆管及扭曲椭圆管计算中的精确度,并采用该湍流模型对扭曲三叶管Re在4000～20000范围内的传热和流阻性能进行了研究。计算结果表明,扭曲三叶管的Nusselt数比扭曲椭圆管大,虽然压差增大较多但综合传热性能比扭曲椭圆管高。这是由于扭曲三叶管特殊的三叶区结构以及过渡区曲率的变化,使得三叶管内的螺旋流动比椭圆管更为复杂,速度场与温度梯度场的协同程度更好。随着Reynolds数的增大扭曲三叶管的压差及Nusselt数都逐渐增大,但综合性能逐渐降低,在低Reynolds数下扭曲三叶管的强化传热效果较为明显。内切圆直径及过渡圆弧直径越小,扭曲三叶管的综合性能越好,其中内切圆直径的影响更为显著。     

螺旋叶片折流板换热器的壳程传热性能研究

为研究螺旋叶片折流板换热器壳程传热性能,通过FLUENT数值模拟,对螺旋叶片折流板换热器壳程的压力场、温度场和速度场进行了分析。比较了换热器性能参数的模拟值和实验值,各性能参数模拟值和实验值的比值趋势基本一致。研究结果表明,模拟范围内,折流板间距越小、螺旋角度越大的情况下,螺旋叶片折流板换热器的综合性能最优。