两级组合式除雾器的分离性能分析

为研究两级组合式除雾器的分离性能,对两级旋流式、组合式、两级折流式3种除雾器进行性能分析。通过数值模拟方法分析除雾器内部流场差异,通过搭建实验平台,利用高速摄影技术并结合除雾器流场分布分析液滴在除雾器内部运动行为,进而从压降损失、分离效率、出口液滴粒径等方面开展除雾器分离性能的实验研究。结果表明：液滴在折流板内主要靠撞击叶片累积形成液膜而被捕集,在旋流板内沿叶片边缘滑动,以接近叶片倾角角度向壁面运动形成液膜被捕集;随入口截面速度增加,3种除雾器压降均逐渐增大,差值不断增加,两级旋流式除雾器压降最高;当入口截面速度低于5.7m/s时,两级旋流式、组合式除雾器分离效率均接近100%,同时组合式除雾器出口液滴中位粒径始终低于入口液滴中位粒径,并小于其余两种形式除雾器,对小粒径液滴分离能力显著;当液相流量从6.2m³/h逐步增加至13.7m³/h,3种形式的除雾器分离效率随液相流量增加呈下降趋势,其中两级旋流式除雾器在高气速、高液相流量下适应性最强,同时3种除雾器出口液滴中位粒径总体呈现下降趋势,其中组合式除雾器出口液滴中位粒径仍居于最低水平。     

除雾器内雾滴运动特性与除雾效率

利用流体动力学计算方法对湿法脱硫折流板除雾器内气液两相流动进行数值模拟.分析了除雾器叶片间距、板型及流速对不同粒径雾滴的分级除雾效率和总除雾效率的影响,获得了不同粒径雾滴的运动和捕集规律.研究结果表明,粒径小于10 μm的雾滴去除效率随流速增加呈现不规律的波动,随板间距增加而下降的趋势不明显,不受叶片形状变化影响;粒径大于16.3 μm的雾滴去除效率随流速增加而增大,随板间距增加而显著下降;在板间距为38 mm时,梯形板除雾效率大于三角形板,在板间距较小的情况下两种板型的性能相差不大;流速小于3 m·s^-1时,粒径小于20 μm的雾滴的去除对气流均匀性要求较高,气流扰动增加利于小雾滴的碰撞聚并;流速高于3 m·s^-1时,气流扰动增强增加了小雾滴运动的随机性,不利于小雾滴的碰撞聚并.     

Development of a symmetrical spiral inlet to improve cyclone separator performance

Three cyclone separators with different inlet geometry were designed, which include a conventional tangential single inlet (CTSI), a direct symmetrical spiral inlet (DSSI), and a converging symmetrical spiral inlet (CSSI). The effects of inlet type on cyclone performance characteristics, including the collection efficiency and pressure drop, were investigated and compared as a function of particle size and flow rate in this paper. Experimental result indicated that the symmetrical spiral inlet (SSI), especially CSSI inlet geometry, has effect on significantly increasing collection efficiency with insignificantly increasing pressure drop. In addition, the results of collection efficiency and pressure drop comparison between the experimental data and the theoretical model were also involved.     

Experimental and numerical analysis of a demister with vortex generators

An improved wave-plate demister equipped with vortex generators(VGs) has been proposed for wet flue gas desulfurization systems(WFGD) in this work. Numerical and experimental methods were used to evaluate the effect of VGs on the separation of small droplets. Five types of wave-plate demister with different VGs were analyzed. The vortex generators in question included rectangular plates, semi-elliptical plates, square tubes, round tubes, and triangular tubes, respectively. In order to explain the strengthening mechanism, the distribution of flow field, secondary flow, and droplet trajectory were shown, and the effect of VGs on the flow field in the demister was discussed in depth. The simulation results show that the separation performances of the demisters with VGs were significantly improved over that of the initial demister, and the accompanying pressure drop was small. For the vortex generators studied, the rectangular plate fully demonstrated its superior separation performance, followed by semi-elliptical plate. The strengthening effect of VGs was tested through experiments. Experimental data reveal that the average droplet diameter(D_(50)) at the outlet of the demister with a vortex generator can be reduced to 23.13 μm, whereas this value for the initial demister can be maintained at 32.07 μm. Moreover, compared with the original demister0.81, the overall separation efficiency of the improved demister was improved to 0.92.     

双循环旋风分离器除尘机理的数值模拟

双循环旋风分离器通过将主进口设置在筒体中部,将顶部进气口设置为回流口,消除了进气口附近的二次流,避免了短路流,将大于3μm颗粒的分离效率提高至接近100%,并避免了少量11—15μm颗粒的短路逃逸。为了探索该设备的除尘机理,借助CFD软件,通过数值模拟研究的方式,辅助分析了2种进气口在分离性能上不同,传统旋风分离器不能完全分离3—8μm和11—15μm颗粒的机理,以及消除二次流的方法。计算结果表明:当回流气速低于主进气速时,会产生类似于顶端进气口的现象,即二次流、灰环和短路流,降低了小于6μm颗粒的分离效率。当回流气速略大于主进气速时,可以完全消除主进气口附近的二次流,使得所有粒径颗粒的分离效率都较高。模拟结果与实验结果从定性的角度符合较好。     

Performance evaluation of a cyclone with granular packed beds

This paper presents the performance evaluation results of a cyclone packed with granules in the gas outlet and cone. The results showed that a cyclone packed with granules in the gas outlet enhances significantly the particle collection of all sizes at 10 lpm. However, at 30 and 50 lpm, the granules increase only the collection efficiency of small particles, but decrease the collection of large particles to a small extent. In addition, the collection efficiency is higher with 2 mm granules than with 4 mm granules. The enhancement of collection efficiency, with granules in the gas outlet, was much more significant than with granules in the cone. Subsequently, this study showed that the granular cyclone could be used as a particle collector especially for small particles with low flow rate.     

Effect of the Solid Loading on a PFBC Cyclone with Pneumatic Extraction of Solids

This paper presents the effects of solid loading on the performance of a cyclone with pneumatic extraction of solids. The cyclone is a non‐conventional design, especially used for hot‐gas cleaning applications such as pressurized fluidized bed combustors (PFBC). A scaled‐down cold‐flow model was employed for the research. Experiments were conducted at 9–14 m/s inlet gas velocities, inlet solid loadings ranging from 30 to 230 g/kg gas, and bottom gas extraction percentages from 0.3 to 1.5%. Experimental results of pressure drop resistance coefficients and collection efficiency were compared with literature predictions. At PFBC operating conditions, cyclone geometry and solid concentration are the main parameters influencing cyclone pressure drop and collection efficiency. The vortex penetration in dipleg causes lower pressure drop values and higher collection efficiencies than predicted. These parameters can be suitably predicted for PFBC cyclones by introducing a modified penetration length in Muschelknautz's model [1]. For the present cyclone design, a new correlation of pressure drop, including the influence of solid loading, is proposed. A new method for detecting cyclone fouling, not previously addressed, is also presented, based on the evolution of the pressure drop resistance coefficient. An enhanced separation efficiency has been found, related to collection efficiency, which is especially important for particle sizes below 10 μm revealing agglomeration effects.     

湿法脱硫系统弧形板带钩除雾器流场数值模拟与分析

采用计算流体力学方法对除雾器内流场进行数值模拟.除雾器内气液两相流动的数值计算主要用基于欧拉-拉格朗日方法的离散相模型.流体被当做连续相,其流场可通过时均N-S方程求得,而离散相液滴的轨迹则可通过已经计算的流场追踪得到.通过计算不同工作参数下除雾器的除雾效率和压降,分析并总结了不同参数对除雾效率和压降的影响规律,对除雾...     

天然气脱蜡旋风分离器分离效率的模拟

旋风分离器分离效率高,不易堵塞,用于天然气脱蜡效果显著。通过CFD软件Fluent模拟CYG-S型天然气脱蜡旋风分离器的两相流场,得到了旋风分离器内的压力、切向速度、轴向速度分布。对比了不同入口速度下的模拟与理论计算的分割粒径x50,发现具有很好的吻合度,两相模拟有一定的可靠性。结果表明：在旋风分离器锥段底部靠近壁面处的石蜡液滴质量浓度较高;随着进口流量的增加,旋风分离器分离效率提高,当进口流量为1000 m3/h时,x50可以达到5.3 μm;大粒径液滴的分离效果明显,但在所研究的进口流量范围内,进口流量的变化不能明显地影响粒径小于5 μm液滴的分离效率;柱段和锥段长度的增加使得旋风分离器的整体长度增加,延长了液滴在旋风分离器内的停留时间,提高了旋风分离器的分离效率。     

Effects of Surface Roughness on the Performance of Tangential Inlet Cyclone Separators

This study is carried out to investigate the effects of surface roughness on the flow field and cyclone performance. The flow inside the cyclone separator is modeled as a three-dimensional turbulent continuous gas flow with solid particles as a discrete phase. The continuous gas flow is predicted by solving the governing equations by using the Reynolds Stress turbulence model, and the modeling of the particle motions is based on a Lagrangian approach. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with experimental data as well as with the results of mathematical models. Analysis of computed results shows that increase of relative roughness due to corrosion, wear, or accumulation of particles on the inner walls considerably influences the tangential velocity, cyclone separation efficiency, and cyclone pressure drop especially for high inlet velocities. Decreases in cyclone collection efficiency and pressure drop with the increase in surface roughness are found to be more pronounced for high values of relative roughness.     

Effects of Flow Parameters and Inlet Geometry on Cyclone Efficiency

A novel cyclone design, named converging symmetrical spiral inlet (CSSI) cyclone, is developed by improving the inlet geometry of conventional tangential single inlet (CTSI) cyclone for enhancing the physical performance of the cyclone. The collection efficiency of the CSSI cyclone is experimentally compared with the widely used CTSI cyclone. The results indicate that the CSSI cyclone provides higher collection efficiency by 5%~20% than that of the CTSI cyclone for a tested inlet velocity range of 11.99~23.85 m/s. In addition, the results of collection efficiency comparison between experimental data and theoretical model are also discussed.     

富春江冶炼厂铜冶炼烟气制酸系统的改进和生产实践

对杭州富春江冶炼厂制酸系统的工艺流程,设备规格作一介绍,对生产中暴露出来的问题及时改进和完善：增加一台石墨间冷器,一台外换热器,两只内换热器阀门,将普通丝网除沫器改为抽屉式丝网除沫器,并减少丝网截面积,改造后除雾沫效果明显,转化率提高。     

Study of the gas circulation patterns in a uniflow cyclone

A uniflow cyclone is being studied to achieve the separation of hot solids from the gaseous products of ultra-rapid fluidized (URF) processes. An experimental method with hot wire probes was developed to study the gas flow around the gas outlet, where the solids exit. The vortex penetration in the solids exit could be determined. The presence of solids greatly reduced the vortex penetration in the uniflow cyclone. Restricting gas circulation around the gas outlet dramatically impaired the cyclone collection efficiency. Therefore, good cyclone performance requires a proper design below the gas outlet.     

Particle deposition in the wake of charged spheres

Earlier work in this laboratory, wherein aerosols were collected from gas streams moving around charged water droplets, indicated the likelihood of high rates of deposition on the aft side of the droplet where flow conditions are not adequately represented by potential flow theory. Further tests were made with metal spheres and the aerosol deposition pattern observed with scanning electron microscopy. Results from these test confirm that the developed wake has a definite influence on the collection pattern as well as the overall collection efficiency. Generally, minima were observed aft of the separation point at an angle at which the vortices flow tangentially to the sphere. Maxima appeared forward of the separation and advanced toward the forward stagnation point as the Reynolds number increased and overall collection efficiency declined. At higher levels of field intensity the deposition profile appeared flat as one scanned around the sphere, with a peak at the rear stagnation point. Very little information is available concerning deposition in the wake of moving droplets. This seems particularly important for scrubbers and spray towers where particles are collected by droplets moving at high Reynolds numbers where wakes and eddies are quite common.     

闪蒸罐除沫器损坏原因分析与处理措施

针对GE煤气化工艺黑水处理过程中,高压闪蒸罐旋流板式除沫器在运行过程中多次出现叶片断裂损坏的问题,采用理论核算和实际调查等方法,从除沫器的初始设计、工艺操作、设备维修制作方面进行了分析论证。结果发现,引起除沫器损坏的主要原因是流经除沫器的气相负荷为原设计的1.5倍左右,导致除沫器的穿孔动能因子超出正常取值范围。结合实际并在重新计算后调整了除沫器旋流板组件的结构参数,使除沫器的穿孔动能因子在运行过程中处于正常取值范围,且现场实施后叶片断裂问题得到根治,取得了良好的效果。     

双循环旋风分离器阻力性能的实验研究

双循环旋风分离器通过将主进气口设于简体中部,将顶部进气口设为回流口,消除了传统旋风分离器顶部进气口存在的二次流和短路流,进而使大于3μm颗粒的分离效率接近100%.基于工程设计理论的需求,研究了该新设备的阻力性能.利用直径为0.250 m的实验设备,测定了其压降与进口气速的关系,考察了不同结构和操作条件对其阻力性能的影...     

Experimental Study of Particle Collection by Small Cyclones

A new set of experimental data on the particle collection characteristics of small cyclones is reported. The collection efficiency for particles ranging from 2 to 10 μm in diameter was measured systematically for nine cyclones at flow rates ranging from 8.8 to 18.4 L/min. Special emphasis was given to the effects of the exit tube size and of the cyclone body size on the particle collection efficiency. The size ratio of the exit tube to the cyclone body was varied from 0.24 to 0.80. The experimental results show that the stiffness of the particle collection cutoff with size does not change noticeably with a change in the cyclone body size while operation of a cyclone at a low flow rate can cause the particle collection characteristics to become less stiff. It was also found that the exit tube diameter influences the particle collection efficiency substantially, with results showing that as the exit tube size is decreased, the collection efficiency increases. A large cyclone body size increases the efficiency. However, when the cyclone body is increased excessively, the collection efficiency appears to decrease somewhat. The experimental data were compared with existing cyclone theories and Barth's (1956) theory was found to be in good agreement. Finally, the exit tube was found to affect substantially the pressure drop of cyclones. As the exit tube size increased, the pressure drop decreased. However, when the exit tube size was further increased until it approached the body size, the pressure drop increased again.     

导流板对旋风分离器内气固两相分离性能的影响

通过数值模拟对环形空间设有导流板的旋风分离器进行了研究. 与常规单入口旋风分离器相比,设置导流板显著改善了旋风分离器内的非轴对称流动,使流场的旋转中心与分离器的几何中心重合,从而抑制了旋风分离器内的涡核摆动现象. 气固两相模拟结果表明,加入导流板可明显提高旋风分离器的分离效率,尤其是对于粒径为5 mm的小颗粒,分离效率从53.4%提高到94.6%,捕集效率显著提高.     

3-D computational fluid dynamics for gas and gas-particle flows in a cyclone with different inlet section angles

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Reynolds stress model (RSM) was used to describe the gas and gas-solid flow in a cyclone with a scroll inlet duct at three different inlet section angles in relation to the cyclone body. The effects of the inlet section angles on the fluid dynamics inside the cyclone and on the performance parameters (collection efficiency and pressure drop) were analyzed by means of the finite volume method using a computational code and an industrial-sized cyclone for separation of gas-particle phases operated by Votorantim Cimentos Company. The numerical results show that the value for overall collection efficiency in this work increased to 77.2% for the 45° inlet section angle, while that for the normal inlet duct was 54.4% under the same operating conditions.