Preparation and magnetic properties of SrFe12O19/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanocomposite ferrite microfibers via sol–gel process

SrFe₁₂O₁₉/Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ nanocomposite ferrite microfibers with diameters of 1–2 μm have been prepared by the sol–gel process. The SrFe₁₂O₁₉/Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ nanocomposite ferrites are formed after the precursor calcined at 850 °C for 2 h, fabricating from nanosized particles with a uniform phase distribution. The ferrite grain size increases with the calcination temperature. The magnetic properties for the nanocomposite ferrite microfibers are mainly influenced by the chemical composition and grain size. The nanocomposite ferrite microfibers obtained at 900 °C show the enhanced specific saturation magnetization (M_sh) of 64.8 Am² kg⁻¹, coercivity (H_c) of 146.5 kA m⁻¹ and remanence (M_r) of 33.6 Am² kg⁻¹ owing to the exchange–coupling interaction. This exchange–coupling interaction in the SrFe₁₂O₁₉/Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ nanocomposite ferrite microfibers has been discussed.     

Synthesis and properties of magnetic solid superacid: SO4/ZrO2–B2O3–Fe3O4

A magnetic SO₄²⁻/ZrO₂–B₂O₃–Fe₃O₄ solid superacid catalyst is prepared via a simple chemical co-precipitation approach. The obtained materials were characterized in detailed by X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis–different scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and Mossbauer spectra. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns show that in this composite oxide the transformation temperature of ZrO₂ from tetragonal to monoclinic phase is higher compared to the pristine SO₄²⁻/ZrO₂ material. The introduction of Fe₃O₄ endows the superacid with a super-paramagnetic property while in a ferromagnetic state after calcination. The superacid exhibits high catalytic activity in forming ethyl acetate by esterification.     

聚吡咯/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4复合物的合成与表征

采用超声场下原位聚合法制备聚吡咯/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4(PPy/NZFO)复合物。分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、四探针测试仪和矢量网络分析仪对其结构、形貌、电性能和吸波性能进行研究。结果表明:APS/Py摩尔比为0.75的条件下可获得团聚程度较小、粒径大小比较均匀的聚吡咯颗粒。随着超声聚合反应时间的延长,聚吡咯颗粒的粒径呈现增大趋势。PPy/NZFO复合物的电导率与PPy含量成正比。复合物的吸波性能较纯PPy有很大提高,在5~20GHz频率范围内,NZFO含量为40%(质量分数)的复合物反射损耗都在-12dB以上,在18.15GHz处具有最大的反射损耗-16.76dB,-15dB有效带宽为1.65GHz。     

Structure and electrical properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–Bi0.5K0.5TiO3–BiCoO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1 − x − y)Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃–xBi_0.5K_0.5TiO₃–yBiCoO₃ (x = 0.12–0.24, y = 0–0.04) have been fabricated by a conventional solid-state reaction method, and their structure and electrical properties have been investigated. The XRD analysis shows that samples with y ≤ 0.03 exhibit a pure perovskite phase and very weak impurity reflections can be detected in the sample with y = 0.04. With x increasing from 0.12 to 0.24 and y increasing from 0 to 0.04, the ceramics transform gradually from a rhombohedral phase to a tetragonal phase and rhombohedral–tetragonal phase coexistence to a pseudocubic phase, respectively. The morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of the system between rhombohedral and tetragonal locates in the range of x = 0.18–0.21, y = 0–0.03. The ceramics near the composition of the MPB have good performances with piezoelectric constant d ₃₃ = 156 pC/N and electromechanical coupling factor k _p = 0.34 at x = 0.21 and y = 0.01, which attains a maximum value in this ternary system. Adding content of BiCoO₃ leads to a disappearance of the response in the curves of dielectric constant-temperature to the ferroelectric–antiferroelectric transition. The temperature dependence of dielectric properties suggests that the ceramics are relaxor ferroelectrics. The results show that (1 − x − y)Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃–xBi_0.5K_0.5TiO₃–yBiCoO₃ ceramics are good candidate for use as lead-free ceramics.     

Microwave dielectric properties of MgAl2O4–CoAl2O4 spinel compounds prepared by reaction-sintering process

MgAl₂O₄ spinel exhibits fascinating microwave dielectric properties, but the synthesis of dense MgAl₂O₄ ceramics requires high firing temperatures. In this study, Co is introduced into MgAl₂O₄ ceramics to improve their sinterability and microwave dielectric properties. An Mg_1−xCo_xAl₂O₄ solid solution of a spinel structure was observed in the MgAl₂O₄–CoAl₂O₄ system, and dense Mg_1−xCo_xAl₂O₄ ceramics were obtained by sintering at 1475–1500 °C in air for 2–6 h. Co addition is effective in lowering the sintering temperature to 1475 °C. Q × f of Mg_1−xCo_xAl₂O₄ ceramics was increased to 49,300 GHz with an increase in Co content to 0.2, but degraded with a further increase in Co content. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of Mg_1−xCo_xAl₂O₄ ceramics was sustained at between −73 and −23 ppm/°C to the variation of Co content.     

La掺杂Hf0.5Zr0.5O2薄膜铁电性能研究

铪基氧化物薄膜在超薄膜厚下仍具有优良的铁电性能,非常适用于高密度集成的铁电存储。La掺杂铪基薄膜拥有极为优异的循环写擦特性,但其剩余极化强度(2Pr≤35μC/cm²)还有待进一步提高。本研究采用原子层沉积(ALD)制备La掺杂的Hf_0.5Zr_0.5O₂薄膜(HZLO),通过快速热退火(RTA)对样品进行500℃、550℃和600℃的热处理,研究La掺杂及退火温度对TiN/HZLO/TiN/W结构铁电性能的影响。研究表明,La掺杂促进薄膜四方相转变为正交相,剩余极化强度(49.8μC/cm²)获得极大提高。此外,La掺杂还降低了器件矫顽场(～1.25 MV/cm)并改善矫顽电场对称性。随着退火温度升高至550℃,正交相占比升高至～77%,剩余极化强度高达49.8μC/cm²,而进一步升高退火温度至600℃,正交相、四方相和立方相朝着单斜相转变,器件剩余极化强度降低。     

Ni0.5Co0.5Fe2O4铁氧体/氰酸酯-环氧树脂复合材料的制备和性能

采用水热法合成Ni_0.5Co_0.5Fe₂O₄铁氧体,并应用于氰酸酯-环氧树脂（CE-EP）复合材料的增韧改性,研究Ni_0.5Co_0.5Fe₂O₄铁氧体对CE-EP固化反应、力学性能及热稳定性的影响。XRD和SEM结果表明,所合成的Ni_0.5Co_0.5Fe₂O₄铁氧体结晶性好、纯净、呈块状,粒径约为20 nm。性能研究表明,Ni_0.5Co_0.5Fe₂O₄铁氧体的加入对CE和EP间的固化反应速度影响不大,且不会改变树脂基体的固化反应机制。与纯CE-EP树脂体系相比,Ni_0.5Co_0.5Fe₂O₄铁氧体/CE-EP复合材料在保持CE-EP玻璃化转变温度（T_g）的基础上明显改善了其韧性,当Ni_0.5Co_0.5Fe₂O₄铁氧体质量分数为3wt%时,其冲击强度和弯曲强度达到最大值,较纯CE-EP树脂基体分别提高了65%和30.3%;但其热分解温度略有降低,可能是由于Ni_0.5Co_0.5Fe₂O₄铁氧体对CE-EP树脂基体高温分解的催化作用造成的。      

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的研究现状

锂离子二次电池的研究不断深入,高电位正极材料的研究正日益受到重视。新型锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4嵌锂电位高达4.7V,能量效率高,循环性能好,在电动汽车、航空航天等领域具有良好的发展前景。综述了LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的制备方法及近年来在提高其电化学性能方面的研究进展。     

高电压尖晶石LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4正极材料的研究进展

尖晶石LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4锂离子电池正极材料具有高的放电电压,高的能量密度,优异的倍率性能和循环性能的优势,极有可能成为下一代的锂离子电池正极材料。阐述了锂离子电池正极材料5V尖晶石LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的结构、主要制备方法,介绍了离子掺杂、表面包覆等提高材料结构稳定性,改善高温高倍率循环性能的改进手段,并简述了此材料的产业化现状,展望了发展前景。     

Piezoelectric and dielectric properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–Bi0.5K0.5TiO3–Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1 − x)Bi_0.5(Na_0.84K_0.16)_0.5TiO₃–xBa_0.77Ca_0.23TiO₃ (BNKT–xBCT, x = 0–0.04) were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method. The piezoelectric, dielectric, and ferroelectric characteristics of the ceramics are investigated and discussed. The XRD results show that Ba_0.77Ca_0.23TiO₃ (BCT) has diffused into Bi_0.5(Na_0.84K_0.16)_0.5TiO₃ (BNKT) lattices to form a new solid solution. It is shown that moderate additive of BCT (x ≤ 0.025) in BNKT–xBCT ceramics can enhance their piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. Three dielectric anomalies are observed in BNKT–xBCT (x ≤ 0.03) ceramics. The piezoelectric measurements and P–E hysteresis loops reveal that BNKT–0.025BCT ceramic has the highest piezoelectric performance and strongest ferroelectricity in all the samples. Piezoelectric constants d ₃₃, k _p, and k _t of 175 pC/N, 29.1, and 54% are, respectively, achieved. Remnant polarization P _r and coercive field E _c reach 28.3 μC/cm² and 24.2 kV/cm, respectively.     

Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9-Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15材料的微观结构及电性能

采用固相烧结法制备了铋层结构铁电材料(1-x)Na0.5Bi2.5Nb₂O₉-xNa0.5Bi4.5Ti₄O₁₅(NBNO-NBT-x)。结合XRD、SEM以及电子能谱分析推测NBNO-NBT-0.5陶瓷主要为2-4层的共生结构NaBi₇Ti₄Nb₂O₂₄,由Na0.5Bi2.5Nb₂O₉和Na0.5Bi4.5-Ti₄O₁₅沿c轴交替排列。晶格结构的不对称性增加导致晶格应力增大,而NBNO和NBT两种单体系的复合将进一步加大离子无序和结构无序,从而使该组成的陶瓷表现出不同于两种单体系的微观结构和电性能。NBNO-NBT-0.5陶瓷的晶粒长度大于20 μm,厚度小于2 μm,晶粒长径比明显高于NBNO和NBT;而相比于两种单体其居里温度TC降低,居里峰宽化,高温介电损耗增大,电导激活能减小,铁电、压电性能降低。     

不同pH值下水基Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4磁流体的沉降稳定性分析

为了深化水基磁流体的沉降稳定性研究,对水基Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄磁流体在不同pH值下的沉降稳定性进行了测定,并对试验结果进行分析。研究结果表明OA(油酸)质量分数为4%、SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)质量分数为3%、Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄质量分数为2.5%时,制备的磁流体稳定性最好。当pH<7时,磁流体的沉降稳定性随着pH值的减小而降低,黏度随着pH值的减小而增大;当pH>7时,磁流体的沉降稳定性随着pH值的增大而降低。该磁流体具有良好的热分散性,温度越高磁流体的分散性越好,pH值对磁流体的热分散性有一定的影响。pH值对磁流体的磁场沉降稳定性和磁黏特性有重要影响,在恒定或递增磁场的作用下,磁流体的沉降系数和黏度随磁场和pH值的变化而变化。     

Optical properties and structure of R2O–Ga2O3–SiO2 and RO–Ga2O3–SiO2 glasses

Refractive index and molar refraction of Li₂O–, Na₂O–, CaO–, and BaO–Ga₂O₃–SiO₂ glasses have been used to test the validity of a structural model of silicate glasses containing Ga₂O₃ glasses. Ga₂O₃ enters these types of glass in a similar manner as Al₂O₃. It is assumed that, for (SiO₂/Ga₂O₃) >1 and (Ga₂O₃/R₂O) ≤1, Ga₂O₃ associates primarily with modifier oxides to form GaO₄ units. The rest of modifier oxide forms silicate units with non-bridging oxygen ions. Silicate structural units have the same factors as found for binary alkali- and alkaline earth silicate glasses. Differences between experimental and model values suggest another structure for (Ga₂O₃/SiO₂) ≥1.     

La2O3添加对MgAl2O4-CaAl4O7-CaAl12O19复合材料烧结行为的影响

为适应材料轻量化的发展需要,在1 400~1 600℃温度下开发了MgAl₂O₄-CaAl₄O₇-CaAl₁₂O₁₉（MA-CA₂-CA₆）复合材料,并考察了La₂O₃添加对该复合材料烧结行为、显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,La₂O₃添加剂优先固溶到MA-CA₂-CA₆复合材料组成晶相CA₆中,促使CA₆相发生晶格畸变,有效抑制了CA₆晶粒沿基面的异常长大,其形貌由片状向等轴状趋势转变,促使MA-CA₂-CA₆复合材料制备过程中由于CA₆晶粒异常长大而导致的多孔网状显微结构得以有效消除,因此也极大地改善了Mg²⁺的扩散条件,在一定程度上间接促进了MA晶粒的发育,有效促进了MA-CA₂-CA₆复合材料的烧结。经1 200℃预烧、1 600℃保温2 h烧成后,当La₂O₃的添加量为4wt%时,MA-CA₂-CA₆复合材料试样的显气孔率由19.2%下降至6.1%,体积密度由2.78 g/cm³上升至3.18 g/cm³,制得了MA、CA₂、CA₆晶相呈现交织分布、显微结构致密、有利于其力学性能改善的La₂O₃/MA-CA₂-CA₆复合材料,经1 200℃预烧、-1 600℃保温2 h烧成后的4wt% La₂O₃添加试样,其冷态抗压强度由317 MPa增加到了501 MPa。     

还原剂水合肼对LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4结构及性能的影响

在用二次干燥共沉淀法制备锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的前驱体时,加入还原剂水合肼,对前驱体进行还原处理,进而对比还原处理与不加还原剂的样品在结构和电化学方面的区别。实验结果发现,还原处理的前驱体所制备的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的充放电比容量远高于不加还原剂的样品,而且还原处理的前驱体所制备的正极材料在高温条件下(55℃)电化学性能保持较好,50次充放电循环后容量保持率更高。X粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜测试结果表明,用还原剂水合肼处理的前驱体所合成的样品具有较好的结晶度,晶粒呈规则的八面体形貌,杂质含量很少;而未处理的前驱体所合成的样品则含有少量的杂质,结晶度较差。研究结果表明,添加还原剂水合肼对所制备的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4正极材料的结构和性能有较好的促进作用,对进一步的改性研究具有重要的指导意义。     

Structure and electrical properties of (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3–Bi0.5(Na0.82K0.18)0.5TiO3–BiAlO3 lead free piezoelectric ceramics

0.09(Bi_0.5Na_0.5)_0.94Ba_0.06TiO₃–(0.01 − x) Bi_0.5(Na_0.82K_0.18)_0.5TiO₃–x BiAlO₃ (BNBKT–xBA) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction processes. Structure, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of BNBKT–xBA ceramics were investigated. X-ray diffraction data shows that BNBKT–xBA ceramics form the pure perovskite phases and the ceramics have the morphotropic phase boundary when x ≤ 0.030. At room temperature, the BNBKT–xBA ceramics at x = 0.030 have better electrical properties, the piezoelectric constant d₃₃ and planar coupling factor k_p of BNBKT–xBA ceramics reaches peak values at x = 0.030: d₃₃ = 217 pC N⁻¹, k_p = 0.308. The remnant polarization P_r, mechanical quality factor Q_m and relative dielectric constant ?_r of BNBKT–xBA ceramics at x = 0.030 attains 33.8 μC cm⁻², 133 and 928 (100 KHz), respectively. As BA content increase, the depolarization temperature T_d shift toward lower temperature, and T_d of BNBKT–xBA ceramics with x = 0.030 decreased to 55 °C.     

纳米Fe3O4及Fe3O4-SrFe12O19吸波复合材料的制备及性能

采用共沉淀法成功制备出具有超顺磁性的纳米Fe₃O₄, 并将Fe₃O₄与SrFe₁₂O₁₉复合制成复合吸波材料Fe₃O₄-SrFe₁₂O₁₉, 利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和矢量网络分析仪(PNA)对产物的物相、显微结构、磁性能和吸波性能进行了表征与分析。结果表明, 当Fe₃O₄与SrFe₁₂O₁₉质量比为1∶0.3时, Fe₃O₄-SrFe₁₂O₁₉饱和磁化强度为11.1 emu·g^-1, 矫顽力0.86 Oe, 剩余磁化强度0.08 emu·g^-1, 其吸波性能最佳, 最大吸收峰值为-17.7 dB,-5 dB频宽为1.3 GHz, 较Fe₃O₄和 SrFe₁₂O₁₉的最大吸收峰值分别提高247%和185%, 频带分别拓宽1.12 GHz和0.40 GHz。     

Densification and dielectric properties of SrO–Al2O3–B2O3 ceramic bodies

The influence of SrO (0·0–5·0 wt%) on partial substitution of alpha alumina (corundum) in ceramic composition (95 Al₂O₃–5B₂O₃) have been studied by co-precipitated process and their phase composition, microstructure, microchemistry and microwave dielectric properties were studied. Phase composition was revealed by XRD, while microstructure and microchemistry were investigated by electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA). The dielectric properties by means of dielectric constant (ε _r ), quality factor (Q × f) and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ _f ) were measured in the microwave frequency region using a network analyser by the resonance method. The addition of B₂O₃ and SrO significantly reduced the sintering temperature of alumina ceramic bodies to 1600 °C with optimum density (∼ 4g/cm³) as compared with pure alumina powders recycled from Al dross (3·55g/cm³ sintered at 1700 °C).     

纳米MnFe2O4·Fe3O4固溶体的制备及其电磁性能研究

二乙酰二茂铁苯二甲酰腙聚合物在DMSO中与氯化锰反应合成二乙酰二茂铁二甲酰腙-Mn配位聚合物(PFZMn),高温(400、600及1200℃)热解制得MnFe2O4.Fe3O4固溶体;采用XRD、TEM、超导量子强磁计(SQUID),高频、微波下(0.1～1.8GHz)对固溶体进行表征。结果表明1200℃热解所得的固溶体为纳米强磁体,它在5及300K的饱和磁化强度(Ms)、剩磁(Mr)及矫顽力(Hc)分别为62.80及49.30emu/g;5.13及3.15emu/g和305及268Oe。而在0.1～1.8GHz有较高的电磁参数(1GHz时,),及较低的电磁损耗(1GHz下,μr′=6×10-3,εr′=2.5×10-2)。