对数字环境下图书馆实行公共借阅权制度的若干思考

本文就知识产权中的公共借阅权制度在图书馆数字化环境下的可行性和定位进行了初步探讨,以期在权利人和公众中寻找一个利益平衡点,使著作权人的合法权利得到应有保护。     

The digital public domain: relevance and regulation

After clarifying the notion and different areas of the (digital) ‘public domain’, the paper engages in discussing literature on its relevance for society, in general, and economic innovation, in particular. The effectiveness of the utilization of these abstract potentials, however, depends on the respective public domain regulation. In this context, the paper distinguishes different regulatory modes and arenas in both copyright and patent law, thereby focusing private regulatory initiatives, such as Creative Commons or Biological Open Source. In the last section, the paper presents open research questions and makes some preliminary suggestions for potential research strategies.     

A flexible and lightweight user‐demand DRM system for multimedia contents over multiple portable device platforms

With the rapid development of technology, digital multimedia has been widely utilized. Access of multimedia contents has become a daily routine. Although multimedia brings ease and convenience for content sharing, it also makes piracy more feasible. For example, it is easy to upload a copyrighted video to YouTube without the owners' permission. Authors and merchants are very much in need of protecting their intellectual property and commercial profits. Digital right management (DRM) systems are provided to fulfill this desire. DRM is a collection of techniques used to control access to copyrighted materials. Because current enterprise DRM solutions are not allowed for customized modification, they cannot fit in our considered scenario perfectly. As a result, we propose a secure DRM system with a design based on user demands, where a consumer can access contents only on authenticated devices until the authorization expires. Our DRM scheme involves a series of robust cryptosystems including AES, SHA‐256, and RSA. Applications as DRM agents are implemented on Windows, Mac OS, Android, and iOS platforms. Moreover, we modularized the DRM components for easy extension and integration. For better performance on low‐end devices, parameters of encryption are introduced, namely, the key size and the encryption density. We addressed the mask shift problem caused by random access and implemented the device identifier acquirement. The DRM system also proved to have high security and good performance in our analysis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Originality requirement and copyright regime of music: a comparative overview of Indian perspective

The quest of originality and not of imitation has always been the most important element in musical composition. In law, originality has become an important legal doctrine where creativity and innovation have been protected as copyrightable works. Some countries grant copyright protection based on how much labour and diligence it took to create a work, rather than how original a work is. This is referred to as the ‘sweat of the brow’ doctrine. This doctrine has been recognized at various time in many countries such as USA, UK, Canada, Australia, and elsewhere. In India, the copyright statute has been in existence since long and moreover India is a member of various international intellectual property treaties and conventions, but the situation continues to be pathetic. The lack of protection allows high-profile music directors and domestic musicians in India to get away with copyright infringement. In what sense does a literary work need to be ‘original’ protected by copyright in India? Is the law of originality in a satisfactory state? How, if at all, might it be improved? This paper will examine the Indian position on the concept of ‘originality’ in the law of copyright, determine whether this law is satisfactory and make suggestions for improvement if necessary.     

人工智能知识产权问题综述

自20世纪50年代以来,人工智能引领着各行各业发展的风向,在人工智能技术助力各领域发展的同时,制度设计如何在最大程度上反哺技术和经济的发展成为至关重要的问题。不断推动人工智能技术的创新,不仅要重视人工智能技术本身的保护问题,人工智能生成物的保护也不容忽视。本文收集了国内外相关案例,从学理与司法实践的角度分析人工智能知识产权保护的必要性与可行性,以期通过人工智能知识产权保护推动我国技术进步与法律完善齐头并进。     

一种基于云模型的数字图像水印技术

提出了基于云模型的数字图像水印技术。利用云模型的模糊性和随机性,给定参数使用正向云发生器产生的云滴作为水印信息,将云水印嵌入到数字图像中。在提取水印时,除了可以将还原出的云模型三个参数与原始参数进行比较外,还可以直接对云图进行对比判断。即使部分云滴改变,对云模型影响也不大,基于云模型的水印具有较好的鲁棒性。     

试谈CAE软件开发和知识产权保护

为促进我国自主CAE软件的研发,介绍计算机软件的保护形式以及CAE软件的技术特性,探讨用知识产权保护自主CAE软件的重要意义.     

数字版权保护技术研究综述

数字版权保护技术已成为数字网络环境下数字内容交易和传播的重要技术,用于保护数字内容的版权,控制数字内容的使用和传播．文章在阐述数字版权保护技术基本概念和系统体系结构的基础上,主要围绕权利描述、使用控制、合理使用、权利转移和可信执行等关键问题,分析其研究现状,论述已有技术在处理这些问题上的优势和不足,并探讨了未来的研究方向．     

化学专业数据库知识产权保护的探索

为了探讨科学数据库知识产权保护与数据共享问题,从化学专业数据库角度出发,研究科学数据库知识产权保护所需的条件,即“额头出汗”原则和独创性原则。结合自身特色阐述了化学专业数据库为了让数据库得到版权保护,并能创造更好的知识产权保护环境,而在知识产权保护方面的采取的应对策略和措施。介绍了化学专业数据库在转变服务模式、增加数据创新等方面的探索,尝试解决科学数据库知识产权保护和数据共享之间的矛盾,以更好的适应知识产权时代。     

基于独立分量分析的数字水印技术

近年来,数字水印技术得到迅猛发展,并广泛应用于数字图象的版权保护。数字水印是嵌入宿主数据中、具有隐蔽性且不容易去除的数字信息。本文提出一种基于独立分量分析的数字水印处理技术。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法可以有效提取数字水印,而且具有稳健性。     

数字图书馆中数字图像产品知识产权保护技术研究

针对数字图书馆中知识安全和信息安全问题,使用C#实现了数字水印效果,有效保护了数字图像产品的完整性,提出基于本体的授权访问控制,使得用户访问权限控制的安全管理更加有效,更加适合复杂系统中的存取控制。     

Copyright reform step zero

‘A reasonable person might well think it's a fool's errand to contemplate a [copyright] reform project of any sort.’ The US Copyright Act of 1976 and its subsequent amendments is contained in over 200 pages of incomprehensible, sometimes inconsistent, and highly technical provisions. Attempts to reform this law are doomed from the start. They are doomed not because they lack merit, but because of the way copyright law is made. This article argues that before any meaningful copyright reform is passed, the institutional framework that makes copyright law must be changed. It proposes delegating substantive rulemaking authority to the US Copyright Office as part of that change. The article explores the benefits and drawbacks to this approach and concludes that without the type of institutional reform envisioned by this proposal, copyright law will continue to become increasingly unable to keep up with technological and other challenges while also becoming increasingly resistant to reform efforts.     

Performances,Preservation, and Policy Implications: Digital Curation and Preservation Awareness and Strategy in the Performing Arts

Digital assets in contemporary performing arts practice may suffer damage and disappearance, eroding the record of contemporary practice. This study seeks to assess this threat and suggest solutions. We examined digital curation and preservation awareness and practice in a sample of performing arts professionals, establishing that digital objects are highly prized but levels of sustainable digital curation and preservation practice are low. We argue that competent digital curation and preservation is relevant to arts career sustainability, research, and wider cultural heritage. This article is intended to be relevant to policy and skills development in communities of creative practice beyond the academy.     

软件水印综述

随着软件产业的迅速发展,软件产品的版权保护已成为一个十分重要的问题.详细介绍了软件水印这种新兴软件版权保护技术,深入分析了软件水印的现状、分类、攻击方法以及已有的各种算法,并分别讨论了这些算法的利弊,最后提出软件水印的下一步发展方向.     

A critical evaluation of government-sponsored reviews of intellectual property in Australia

Constant changes to the Australian intellectual property (IP) system undertaken in the three decades since the 1970s have been accompanied by a proliferation of legislation and intermittent reviews. The staggering volume of such activities has generated debate as to whether such an approach should be allowed to continue in light of Australia's determination to forge ahead in knowledge creation and management that the information era demands. This article investigates the propriety and consistency of the reviews conducted, the respective recommendations made, and the underlying perspectives, if any, for IP lawmaking and implementation in Australia in the past or, indeed, for the future.     

Death and resurrection of copyright between law and technology

The paper reviews copyright philosophical, economic and social justification confronted by the dematerialization of creative outputs. Digital Rights Management (DRM) is the tool implemented by copyright owners to adjust to the advent of the Digital Era. The claim is that DRM effectively addresses digital threats and market failures. If this is true, what is left of the role of copyright law in the digital environment? This review suggests an argument for traditional copyright justifications to resist in the digital environment. As a consequence, digital tools such as DRM need to be engineered according to these justifications, in order to preserve the balance between law and technology.     

DRM系统中数字水印技术的研究

随着计算机网络的快速发展，越来越多的高品质的数字媒体文件在互联网上进行发布和流传。而越来越多的未经授权的媒体文件的出现，将极大地损害版权所有人的利益。将数字水印技术应用于数字版权的管理（DRM）中，可加强数字化音视频产品的内容保护。文章结合传统密码保护技术，首先通过应用实值混沌序列对水印图像信息进行置乱加密，然后嵌入数字音频信息的DCT域中，最后使用系统密钥对秘密信息逆置乱还原出原始信息。仿真实验说明该方法具有较好的不可察觉性。     

Compulsory licensing of patents

The compulsory license is a concept that has been an accepted part of American intellectual property ever since the US Copyright Act of 1909. It has been recognized internationally via the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works since 1908. US patent law, however, has not paralleled its intellectual property sister copyright; historically compulsory licenses have not been common in the patent field. But change is occurring due to the World Trade Organization’s TRIPS and Doha Declaration which have brought to the international stage what copyright has accepted for more than a century: the compulsory patent license sanctified in international law. Developed countries – that is, patent-rich countries – have an ethical obligation to help those less fortunate. If not, the compulsory license can now be considered as an essential tool readily available in every poor country’s toolkit to help gain access to otherwise inaccessible but desperately needed patented innovation, especially in the area of public health and the accessibility of pharmaceuticals.     

一种隐藏和提取版权控制数据的技术方案

研究了数字内容的版权控制问题，提出了一种隐藏和提取版权控制数据的技术方案．此方案基于整形小波变换，通过对部分小波系数的特殊量化来隐藏数字许可和版权标识，其提取不需要知道原始数字内容．隐藏版权标识用于证明内容的版权归属，隐藏数字许可用于限制用户的播放行为．文章在讨论版权控制框架和模型的基础上。对版权控制数据的隐藏和提取过程进行了算法描述，并且说明了在低频部分隐藏数字许可增加鲁棒性，在所有频带隐藏版权标识监测完整性。