全国公共数字文化共享云服务平台研究与设计

公共数字文化服务近些年发展迅速，成为了文化服务的热点。如何有效地把分布在各地的公共数字文化资源整合起来进行共享，是公共数字文化服务的关键问题。为了解决这个问题，介绍了面向全国范围的公共数字文化共享云服务平台的架构设计和关键技术。该云平台提供了分布式资源共享、网络分发、业务管理三大核心功能，解决了系统面临的共性技术与关键技术的问题，实现了公共文化资源的共建共享，资源的智能调度分发和资源应用软件的整合，面向全国提供公共数字文化共享服务。实验证明，提出的平台具有良好的速度和海量数据处理能力。     

Winning the Battles, Losing the War? Rethinking Methodology for Forensic Computing Research

In the last 10 years, Forensic computing (FC) has emerged in response to the challenges of illegal, criminal and other inappropriate on-line behaviours. As awareness of the need for the accurate and legally admissible collection, collation, analysis and presentation of digital data has grown, so has recognition of the challenges this requirement poses for technical, legal and organisational responses to these on-line behaviours. Despite recognition of the multi-dimensional nature of these behaviours and the challenges faced, agreement on coherent frameworks for understanding and responding to these issues, their impacts and their interrelationships appears to remain a long way off. As a consequence, while significant advances have been made within technical, organisational and legal ‘solution centred paradigms’, the net result appears to be a case of ‘winning the battles but losing the war’ on computer misuse and e-crime. This paper examines this situation and reflects on its implications for academic researchers’ methodological approach to understanding and responding to these challenges. This paper suggests the need to reconceptualise the term ‘solution’ and advocates an additional methodological step, (that it is anticipated will generate data) for the development of a framework to map the value propositions of, and interrelationships between the individual sets of responses within the dynamically evolving FC landscape. By exposing issues, responses and underlying assumptions it is anticipated that this will improve the possibility of calibrated responses that more effectively and coherently balance the interests for security, privacy and legal admissibility.     

Enhancing and evaluating users’ social experience with a mobile phone guide applied to cultural heritage

We designed and built a mobile phone-based guidance system to support shared group experiences by suggesting the use of an eavesdropping metaphor inspired by Sotto Voce that allows visitors to eavesdrop on each other’s audio. Going beyond Sotto Voce, we create a shared experience by synchronizing the audio controls of all people who are eavesdropping on each other. Our contribution is the design of a mobile phone guide for cultural tours that combines a linear tour with in-depth information exploration, GPS-based maps offering group awareness, simple content customization and suggestions, and fluid movement between individual and ad-hoc group touring. The most important contribution is the design of a simple sharing scheme that gives all users in an ad hoc group implicit control over the audio content of everyone currently linked together. We evaluated our approach using data collected from participants, and our results validated the effectiveness and usefulness of our sharing scheme and interface for group experiences. In addition, we gained an understanding of how sharing information during visits to cultural heritage sites by socially related people influences the visiting experience; differing mutual eavesdropping and content control behaviors emerged according to group types (family vs. friends). By enabling groups to share their experience on-site, our system should increase the appeal of mobile phones as electronic tour guides, providing adequate support for shared group experiences.     

《数字孪生流域建设技术大纲(试行)》解析

2022 年 3 月,水利部印发《数字孪生流域建设技术大纲(试行)》,明确了数字孪生流域的具体建设内容,细化了技术要求。介绍数字孪生流域建设背景,以及定义、建设范围及目标、建设原则等建设内涵,阐明智慧水利总体框架和数字孪生流域建设框架,进一步厘清相互关系。详细说明数据底板、模型平台、知识平台等组成的数字孪生平台,以及水利感知网、水利信息网、水利云等组成的信息化基础设施两大组成部分的主要建设任务,对涉及的具体功能要求和技术要点进行详细解析,就数字孪生流域建什么、达到什么标准及需要重点把握的技术环节等问题进行解读,并对数据孪生流域建设过程中涉及的数据安全特别是地理空间数据安全应用等重要问题和集成共享相关要求进行说明。     

Organisational usability of mobile computing—Volatility and control in mobile foreign exchange trading

The past two decades have presented significant technological developments of mobile information and communication technology (ICT) such as portable technologies (e.g. mobile phones, notebook computers, personal digital assistants), and associated wireless infrastructures (e.g. wireless local area networks, mobile telecommunications infrastructures, bluetooth personal area networks). Mobile ICT offers a range of technical opportunities for organisations and their members to implement enterprise mobility. However, the challenges of unlocking the opportunities of enterprise mobility are not well understood. One of the key issues is to establish systems and associated working practices that are deemed usable by both individuals and the organisation. The aim of this paper is to show that the concept of organisational usability can enrich the understanding of mobile ICT in organisations. As an addition to the traditional understanding of individual usability, organisational usability emphasises the role of mobile ICT beyond individual support. A large-scale study of four different ways of organising foreign exchange trading in a Middle Eastern bank serves as the concrete foundation for the discussion. The empirical study showed how the final of the four attempts at establishing 24-h trading deployed mobile ICT to enable mobile trading and by providing a solution, which was deemed usable for both the organisation and the traders. The paper contributes to the understanding of how usability of mobile ICT critically depends on carefully balancing individual and organisational requirements. It also demonstrates the need for research in enterprise mobility to embrace both individual and organisational concerns in order to grasp the complexity of the phenomena.     

Immersive interactive reality: Internet-based on-demand VR for cultural presentation

This paper presents an Internet-based virtual reality technology, called panoramic broadcasting (PanoCAST) where multiple viewers share an experience yet each having full control of what they see independent from other viewers. Our solution was developed for telepresence-based cultural presentation and entertainment services. The core architecture involves a compact spherical vision system that compresses and transmits data from multiple digital video sources to a central host computer, which in turn distributes the recorded information among multiple render- and streaming servers for personalized viewing over the Internet or mobile devices. In addition, using advanced computer vision, tracking and animation features, the PanoCAST architecture introduces the notion of Clickable Content Management (CCM), where each visual element in the image becomes a source for providing further information, educational content and cultural detail. Key contributions of our application to advance the state-of-the-art include bringing streaming panoramic video onto mobile platforms, an advanced tracking interface to turn visual elements into sources of interaction, physical simulation to combine the benefits of panoramic video with that of 3D models and animated, photo-realistic faces to help users express their emotions in shared online virtual cultural experiences as well as a feedback mechanism in such environments. Therefore, we argue that the PanoCAST system offers a low-cost and economical solution for personalized content distribution and as such it can serve as a unified basis for novel applications many of which are demonstrated in this paper.     

Thumbnail images: uncertainties,infrastructures and search engines

ABSTRACT

This article argues that thumbnail images are infrastructural images that raise issues of uncertainty in two distinct, but interrelated, areas: a legal question of how to define, understand and govern visual information infrastructures, in particular image search systems in epistemological and strategic terms; and a cultural question of how human–computer interaction design works with navigational uncertainty, both as an experience to be managed and a resource to be exploited. This paper considers two copyright infringement cases that involved search engines as defendants, Kelly v. Arriba Soft (2003) and Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc. and A9.com Inc. and Google Inc (2007). The cases are revealing of the issues that arise when thinking about thumbnails as infrastructural images in relation to uncertainty. Legal research on thumbnail images has focused on fitting them into the framework of copyright—which precedes digital technology. This article revolves around the infrastructuration of thumbnail images in a medial sense: as infrastructures of logistics and desire. The article draws on infrastructure studies, feminist visual and human computer interaction (HCI) theory and legal theory to examine how the thumbnail has been negotiated in legal terms, its cultural infrastructures, and the information behaviours they are designed to produce.     

Multimedia Digital Rights Protection Using Watermarking Techniques

ABSTRACT

With the advancement of Internet technologies and its wide usage, it has become easy to illegally copy, distribute, and manipulate digital products. Digital watermarking is a proven method to protect authenticity by identifying the owner of the digital content. Significant work has been reported in the last five years on legal and technical measures for protecting digital rights. This paper explains the concepts of ownership rights and related intellectual property rights and their technical and legal protection measures. It also introduces digital water marking, its classification, features, and applications.     

Directors' digital fiduciary duties

We explore the potential legal and technical risks inherent in attempts to implement digital protection. Specifically, we consider how liability might arise for those who have fiduciary responsibility for sensitive information assets, including the emerging trend toward imposing liability where digital protections are severely deficient or digital security has been breached. We also focus on obstacles created by disparities in the knowledge and expertise of professionals who are responsible for corporate assets and who risk legal liability if their efforts are insufficient or ineffective. We address these disparities to bridge the gap between executive personnel responsible for corporate governance and technical personnel responsible for corporate digital security     

Hellenic cadastre: state of the art experience,proposals and future strategies

In 1994, the Hellenic government, with the support of the European Union, started a project for the establishment of the Hellenic Cadastre (HC), which will be a title registration information system in fully digital form. It is estimated, that this project will last 20 years and it will cover the whole country. So far, digital photogrammetric Cadastral Surveys (CSs), named Pilot Phase and Main Program, of a total area of 893,000 ha have been commissioned and executed in various areas of Greece; 250,000 ha more were commissioned within the year 2000. Through this work, a surprisingly high level of cooperation between the private and public sector has been achieved. This paper focuses on the research and the progress that has been made in all scientific fields, such as the definition of the content of this project, the implementation of the responsible institutions/agencies for the HC, their administrative structure, the proposed regional structure, the development of the National Legal Framework for the compilation of the CSs, the adjudication procedure and maintenance issues. An emphasis is given to the experience so far gained in the legal and technical aspects, and especially to the proposals for an improvement of the methods, and to the attempt to create a cost recovery business culture for maximizing the products and services, which can be supported by the HC. This project requires major international and local experience and a high level of research in all the above mentioned issues, which has to be applied successfully.     

Assessing organisational obstacles to component-based development: a case study approach

This paper discusses some human, social and organisational issues affecting the introduction of Component-Based Development (CBD) in organisations. In particular, the paper presents the outcome of a case study aimed at assessing organisational obstacles influencing successful application of CBD in the industry. We present some organisational problems experienced by three organisations in adopting and implementing CBD, including cognitive skills, disincentives, organisational politics and organisational culture. In each case we suggest some solutions that developers and managers should consider in order to minimise these organisational problems. We suggest that applying social–technical approaches can minimise the impact of these organisational obstacles. Examples of social–technical approaches include maintaining a relationship with customers throughout the development process and eliciting support from key sponsors and stakeholders.     

Information sharing and interoperability: the case of major incident management

Public sector inter-organisational information sharing and interoperability is an area of increasing concern and intense investment for practice and an area of increasing scholarship. This paper focuses on one particular set of public sector organisations (emergency services) and illuminates the key technological and organisational issues they face concerning information sharing and interoperability. The particular contexts in which these are studied are ones where decisions are non-trivial and made in high-velocity environments. In these conditions the problems and significance of inter-organisational information sharing and interoperability are accentuated. We analyse data gathered from two studies: the first focused on ‘first responders’ (police, fire and ambulance services) in the United Kingdom. The second, a follow on study, with emergency service managers and interoperability project managers in the United Kingdom and the European Union. Using activity theory as a conceptual framework we describe the informational problems critical emergency responders face in their initial response to, and management of, an incident. We argue that rather than focusing on interoperability as a primarily technological issue it should be managed as an organisational and informational issue. Second, we argue that rather than designing for anomalous situations we should design systems, which will function during both anomalous and routine situations. Third, we argue for focus on harmonisation of policies, procedures and working practices.     

Copyright liability for users and distributors of content sharing and communication technologies: a crossroads between past and present

In the last decade or so, society has seen the beginnings of a digital revolution where innovation and technological advancement met and changed the way in which people use digital technology. This has only increased the ambit of confusion between the law and technology innovation. This is evident with the creation and distribution of content sharing and communication technologies such as peer-to-peer, network distributive systems, file sharing software and other technology enabling software where users are able to share and access information. The recurring issues that appear throughout case precedent have reinforced the uncertainty and confusion over the interpretation of authorisation. This paper will explore the concept of authorisation and evaluate the courts' interpretation of what constitutes an authorisation of infringement with respect to technology innovators of communication technologies. This will be achieved through a discussion of the cases that explored ‘authorisation’ through the genealogy of authorisation. It is important to discuss the history of authorisation first, and then evaluate how the courts have interpreted ‘authorisation’. This paper will demonstrate how the interpretation of authorisation has created ambiguity and uncertainty for technology innovators and developers.     

Digital art: when artistic and cultural muse merges with computer technology.

Digital artifacts or "artistic applications" as they are usually called, aim at displaying information content by materializing concepts in a digital format. In this article the author explains about the concepts and definitions behind digital art and the technological issues related to artistic and cultural heritage applications. Artistic creation begins with a concept or an abstract idea, which is gradually modeled into a form of tangible or intangible digital content that can be both the means and the end product. Digital artists consider computer technology as a way to enhance creativity and as a final artifact. The dual manifestation of artistic and cultural heritage applications results in workflow that differs for each application class. Application constraints identification is one of the most important but often undervalued issues in digital art creation. Displacement is an interactive installation applying augmented reality technology.     

An investigation of the factors affecting the successful treatment of organisational issues in systems development projects

A review of the relevant literature confirms the importance of treating organisational issues in order to avoid information systems development failures. To investigate how such issues are treated in practice and the factors associated with their successful treatment, a large-scale survey was conducted. A questionnaire was mailed to senior IS executives and over 600 responses were received. A majority of the respondents (60%) perceived that organisational issues were more important than technical issues and a similar proportion reported treating these issues explicitly, although there was noticeable variation in the frequency with which specific types of issues were treated. However, only 50% felt that organisational issues were successfully dealt with in more than 30% of the projects for which they were responsible. This proportion seems to be independent of the type of organisation or the general development approach adopted, but the results also indicate that using an approach to treating organisational issues which is explicit, frequent and covers a wide range of specific issues is associated with higher levels of success. These results suggest that senior IT executives need to go further in ensuring that the treatment of organisational issues is given greater time, resource and level of priority.     

Digital Divide 2.0: “Generation M” and Online Social Networking Sites in the Composition Classroom

The digital divide has been largely theorized as a problem of access. Compositionists have attempted to move beyond a binary view of technology access in examining the digital divide and in doing so have raised important questions about the larger societal issues connected to issues of technological literacy and access. While much attention has been paid to students at risk of growing up without access to, and experience with, computers, attention also needs to be paid to students’ critical digital literacies. Additionally, we now face a new instantiation of the digital divide where students are often more technologically adept than their instructors. The problem is not so much providing access for Generation M students surrounded by technology but rather to effectively integrate technological literacy instruction into the composition classroom in meaningful ways. Compositionists should focus on incorporating into their pedagogy technologies that students are familiar with but do not think critically about: online social networking sites, podcasts, audio mash-ups, blogs, and wikis. To do so, however, instructors first need to familiarize themselves with these technologies. In essence, compositionists must catch up with the Generation M students who have left them behind.     

Why Napster matters to writing: Filesharing as a new ethic of digital delivery

This article discusses the Napster phenomenon and its cultural significance, traces some of the threads of the current “copyright crisis,” and connects these cultural and legal dynamics to show how the current filesharing context of digital environments pertains to issues affecting writing teachers. The article (1) urges writing teachers to view the Napster moment—and the writing practice at the center of it, filesharing—in terms of the rhetorical and economic dynamics of digital publishing and in the context of public battles about copyright and intellectual property and (2) argues that digital filesharing forms the basis for an emergent ethic of digital delivery, an ethic that should lead composition teachers to rethink pedagogical approaches and to revise plagiarism policies to recognize the value of filesharing and to acknowledge Fair Use as an ethic for digital composition.     

Do pirates play fair? Testing copyright awareness of sports viewers

Ethical norms are believed to be followed more loosely on the Internet than in the ‘real world’. This proposition is often evoked to explain the prevalence of so-called digital piracy. In this study, we provide evidence from a vignette experiment that contradicts this claim. Analysing the case of sports broadcast, we compare explicitly the ethical judgement of legal and illegal sharing in the offline and online contexts. We find that the norms concerning legality, availability of alternatives and deriving material benefits from sharing content do not differ substantially between the virtual and real worlds. We also test explicitly for the role of legal awareness and find that emphasising what is prohibited (copyright infringement) is less effective than focusing on what is permitted (fair use) in reducing the disparity between legal and ethical norms.     

浅析数字内容的版权保护与建议

数字技术的迅速发展和广泛应用,互联网、电信移动网络等新兴传输方式和手机、机顶盒、电脑等多媒体终端极大地拓展了数字内容的传输范围。数字内容版权保护的问题日益突出,本文从立法和技术角度阐释了数字内容的版权保护,并提出了数字内容版权保护的建议。