Tenuous boundaries: women, domesticity and nationhood in 1930s Turkey

In the 1930s modern architecture was highly popularised in Turkey mostly through the widespread promotion of the modern house. In the early stages of nation building, the modern house became one of the most potent symbols of the modern nation, which aspired to enter the European economic, cultural and political milieu as an equal partner. The image of the modern Turkish woman played a somewhat similar role, her increasing access to various aspects of the public sphere being highly publicised as the success of Turkish modernisation. Despite obvious links between women and architecture, ranging from their active promotion as suitable images for the new nation to the physical appearance of women in public spaces, issues of gender and sexuality remained conspicuously absent from the architectural historiography of modern Turkey. In this paper, I offer critical readings of contemporaneous representations that relate the modern house and modern Turkish woman to uncover the complicated and contradictory levels that constitute the seemingly coherent narrative of architectural and cultural modernisation. The analysis of the relationship between sexuality, space and architectural discourse effectively complicates the architectural historiography of modern Turkey and shows the active participation of architecture in the production of the social/cultural realm.     

Tenuous boundaries: women,domesticity and nationhood in 1930s Turkey

In the 1930s modern architecture was highly popularised in Turkey mostly through the widespread promotion of the modern house. In the early stages of nation building, the modern house became one of the most potent symbols of the modern nation, which aspired to enter the European economic, cultural and political milieu as an equal partner. The image of the modern Turkish woman played a somewhat similar role, her increasing access to various aspects of the public sphere being highly publicised as the success of Turkish modernisation. Despite obvious links between women and architecture, ranging from their active promotion as suitable images for the new nation to the physical appearance of women in public spaces, issues of gender and sexuality remained conspicuously absent from the architectural historiography of modern Turkey. In this paper, I offer critical readings of contemporaneous representations that relate the modern house and modern Turkish woman to uncover the complicated and contradictory levels that constitute the seemingly coherent narrative of architectural and cultural modernisation. The analysis of the relationship between sexuality, space and architectural discourse effectively complicates the architectural historiography of modern Turkey and shows the active participation of architecture in the production of the social/cultural realm.     

Amsterdam in the 21st century: Geography,housing, spatial development and politics

This city profile provides a multi-dimensional overview on the most recent social, economic, political and spatial changes in the city of Amsterdam. We map the social-geography of the city, discussing recent housing and spatial development policies as well as city-regional political dynamics. Today, the city of Amsterdam is more diverse than ever, both ethnically and socially. The social geography of Amsterdam shows a growing core–periphery divide that underlines important economic and cultural asymmetries. The tradition of public subsidies and regulated housing currently allows for state-led gentrification within inner city neighborhoods. Public support for homeownership is changing the balance between social, middle and high-end housing segments. Changes in the tradition of large-scale interventions and strong public planning are likewise occurring. In times of austerity, current projects focus on small-scale and piecemeal interventions particularly oriented to stimulate entrepreneurialism in selected urban areas and often relate to creative economies and sustainable development. Finally, underlying these trends is a new political landscape composed of upcoming liberal and progressive parties, which together challenge the political equilibriums in the city region     

房屋建筑工程中大体积混凝土施工技术的相关研究

介绍了大体积混凝土施工技术的结构特点及施工流程,从设计配合比、温度控制、搅拌与浇筑工作等方面,阐述了大体积混凝土施工技术在建筑工程中的应用,从而保证工程质量。     

房建施工中大体积混凝土无缝技术的应用

对大体积混凝土无缝施工技术进行了简要阐述,针对房建工程中混凝土开裂、变形的问题,提出了合理配置原材料,选择适合的施工工艺,做好养护工作等有效防治大体积混凝土裂缝的措施,以保障混凝土的施工质量。     

Statistics on housing and construction in the netherlands: The administrative housing survey

This column was prepared by Rob Hoffmann of the Department of Construction Statistics (CBS) Voorburg (telephone +31(70)-3374396). More detailed information is available in publications of the CBS and upon request. For more information about the Administrative Housing Survey, see Amse, A.K., Monthly Bulletin of Construction Statistics 1992, No. 5. Staatsuitgeverij, The Hague.     

US housing problems,politics and policies in the 1990s

Housing policy in the US reflects its general approach to economic and social problems. Among all western democracies, the US relies most on private market forces to provide housing for its population. American housing policy emphasises bolstering market forces and minimising assistance for the poor. Despite its significant achievements (for example, two out of every three American households now owns its dwelling), the US is now facing a severe housing crisis, not only for the poor, but for a sizeable portion of the troubled middle class. To guarantee every American an opportunity to live in decent, safe and affordable housing, the US has to change national priorities and spend more on housing. But it also must spend better: reduce development costs, eliminate bureaucratic waste, and target assistance more efficiently. Following a review of past and current housing programmes, we outline a progressive housing policy agenda and then discuss the political obstacles and opportunities that confront such an ambitious plan.     

Statistics on housing and construction in the Netherlands

This column is composed by the Sector Sociocultural Household Statistics Netherlands. The contribution for this issue was prepared by Pieter Everaers and Hub Janssen, who may be contacted at Statistics Netherlands, Heerlen (telephone +31 45 5 70 74 77 or +31 45 5 70 74 75). More detailed information is available in publications of Statistics Netherlands and on request.     

US public housing in the 1930s: The first projects in Atlanta,Georgia

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, European philanthropists, industrialists, and governments built homes and communities aimed at improving the health and welfare of low and middle income workers. By 1930, the United States remained the only developed country in the Western world without a national legislative and financial commitment to housing. This paper explores the attitudes and circumstances affecting the creation of American public housing in the 1930s and examines the federal government's first attempts at replacing slums with subsidized apartments in the Techwood and University Homes projects in Atlanta, Georgia.