车载视频下改进的核相关滤波跟踪算法

针对相关滤波跟踪算法在车载视频下由于环境复杂及目标尺度变化等情况下容易跟踪失败的问题,该文提出一种基于背景信息的尺度自适应相关滤波跟踪算法。首先利用背景感知相关滤波跟踪器融合方向梯度直方图特征预测目标下一帧位置,然后根据预测位置选取图像块进行检测,最后结合动态尺度比例金字塔模型对目标进行尺度估计。实验选取了KITTI数据库中23段车载视频和标注国内的4段车载视频进行测试,实验结果表明,该算法能有效降低车载环境的复杂背景、目标尺度变化等因素干扰,整体性能优于KCF, DSST, SAMF, SATPLE等主流相关滤波算法,对车载环境下复杂背景和尺度变化的目标跟踪具有鲁棒性。     

自由空间激光通信中APT粗跟踪研究

自由空间激光通信APT(Acquisition,Pointing and Tracking)系统主要由粗跟踪系统和精跟踪系统组成,粗跟踪系统主要是完成对目标信号的捕获,以确保入射的信标光在精跟踪控制系统的动态范围内.介绍了粒子滤波在APT粗跟踪系统中的应用,针对粒子滤波在跟踪算法中存在的问题进行了改进,设计了颜色和轮廓双重信息融合的似然模型;为提高目标跟踪算法在异常情况下的有效性,采用了异常检测和恢复策略,并设计了跟踪光斑目标的模拟系统.实验表明:所提出的多信息融合的似然模型跟踪算法在目标尺度变化、背景干扰、姿态变化、部分遮档等环境下均能稳定地跟踪目标,提高了大气激光通信链路的可靠性.     

粒子滤波的卫星电子信息舰船目标跟踪算法

针对电磁探测卫星的重访时间间隔长、且捕获得到目标信息的时间为随机,目标运动模型难于精确建立,数据杂波干扰强等问题,结合卫星电子信息给出的辐射源电磁特征,基于粒子滤波提出了一种稳健的海上舰船目标跟踪算法。首先,采用二阶自回归的状态转移模型确定候选量测的关联区域,从而减少杂波的干扰;然后选取与目标电磁特征相似的量测进行粒子滤波的状态更新,并通过重采样操作剔除权值较小的粒子以提高跟踪算法的精确性与稳健性。仿真与真实数据的实验结果表明,该方法在强杂波干扰下可以稳定跟踪卫星电子信息中的海上舰船目标并且具有较高的精确性与稳健性。      

远距离干扰环境下目标跟踪的扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波算法

该文在扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波算法的基础上融合了"负"信息(没有接收到观测值的扫描)来实现远距离干扰环境下的目标跟踪。在整个实现过程中,由传感器模型推导出的高斯和似然函数充分考虑了正负信息,直接用于计算粒子权重更新。并且通过扩展卡尔曼滤波算法产生重要性密度函数,利用当前时刻的量测,使得粒子的分布更接近其后验概率分布,而且使用较少的粒子个数即可达到较好的跟踪效果。仿真证明,扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波算法在航迹连续性和跟踪精度方面明显优于扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,但计算复杂度较高。     

复杂场景下基于自适应特征融合的目标跟踪算法

为提升复杂场景下目标跟踪的鲁棒性,优化模型运行效率,提出一种基于自适应特征融合的相关滤波跟踪算法。该算法采用方向梯度直方图特征和卷积神经网络来对目标进行信息构建,利用特征响应的峰值旁瓣比和旁瓣值占比自适应地确定融合系数,根据融合响应来预测目标位置。为适应场景的变化,降低光照、背景和目标形变等对跟踪的影响,引入平均峰值相关能量来设计滤波器学习率调整机制,动态地进行模型更新。通过对深度特征提取网络进行轻量化设计,降低特征网络参数,提高跟踪速度。在OTB100通用数据集上进行测试,实验结果表明:文中所提算法有效降低了干扰对目标跟踪的影响,且跟踪精度、成功率和速度整体优于对比算法。     

激光跟踪仪目标脱靶量精密探测方法

激光跟踪仪是一种用于大尺寸空间精密几何坐标测量的重要光学测量仪器。PSD是激光跟踪仪实现对合作目标精密跟踪的脱靶量传感器件,其探测精度直接影响跟踪测量性能。首先,简要介绍了激光跟踪测量系统及基工作原理,然后根据系统需求提出了脱靶量精密探测方案。重点讨论了I/V变换、信号放大、滤波、参数匹配等硬件设计方法以提高PSD输出微弱电流信号的稳定性,研究提出了基于FPGA和有限状态机的去极值平均滤波算法和扩展除法运算算法分别用于降低噪声干扰与提高测量精度;数据表明在4mm4mm的区域内脱靶量探测稳定度优于2m。采用该方法实现激光跟踪仪对合作目标的动态跟踪,很好地满足了激光跟踪仪的精密快速跟踪需要。     

基于H∞滤波的远距离干扰下的目标跟踪算法

提出了一种加权和(WS)-H∞滤波算法实现远距 离干扰机(SOJ)环境下的目标跟踪。算法通过使用合适的传感器模型和高斯 和(GS)似然函数,充分利用了干扰信息从而提高没有量测时的跟踪精度;同时针对干扰环境 下的量测和干扰信息的统计分布不确 定的特点,采用WS-H∞滤波算法提高整个跟踪系统的鲁棒性。仿真证明,WS-H∞滤波算法 在量测噪声和干扰估计不准确时 表现出了良好的鲁棒性,其航迹连续性和跟踪精度都明显优于GS扩展卡尔曼(GS-EKF)滤波 算法,而计算复杂度却没有明显提高。     

基于改进Camshift算法的NAO机器人目标跟踪

针对Camshift算法应用于NAO机器人目标跟踪过程中,当目标受到相似颜色背景干扰或被物体遮挡时跟踪失败的问题,提出一种基于ORB特征检测和Kalman滤波多算法结合的目标跟踪方法。首先检测目标ORB特征点初始化搜索窗口,然后利用Kalman滤波作为目标运动状态的预测机制,以预测的位置初始化Camshift算法。利用Bhattacharyya距离判断跟踪窗口的收敛性,若受到背景干扰,则利用ORB算法对当前帧中的Kalman预测区域和目标模型进行特征点匹配,重新检测目标在视频帧中的位置。根据Kalman滤波预测目标被物体遮挡后可能的位置来更新预测器参数。实验结果表明,改进的算法能够在相似颜色背景干扰和目标遮挡的复杂环境下,连续稳定地跟踪运动目标。     

多示例深度学习目标跟踪

为解决多示例跟踪算法中外观模型和运动模型不足导致跟踪精度不高的问题,该文提出多示例深度学习目标跟踪算法。针对原始多示例跟踪算法中采用Haar-like特征不能有效表达图像信息的缺点,利用深度去噪自编码器提取示例图像的有效特征,实现图像信息的本质表达,易于分类器正确分类,提高跟踪精度。针对多示例学习跟踪算法中选取弱特征向量不能更换,难以反映目标自身和外界条件变化的缺点,在选择弱分类器过程中,实时替换判别力最弱的特征以适应目标外观的变化。针对原始多示例跟踪算法中运动模型中仅假设帧间物体运动不会超过某个范围,不能有效反映目标的运动状态的缺点,引入粒子滤波算法对目标进行预测,提高跟踪的准确性。在复杂环境下不同图片序列实验结果表明,与多示例跟踪算法及其他跟踪算法相比,该文算法具有更高跟踪精确度和更好的鲁棒性。     

压制干扰下基于联邦滤波的机动目标跟踪方法

针对远距离压制干扰下机动目标跟踪问题,分析了远距离大功率压制干扰对于雷达探测及测量精度的影响,引入新的量测模型模拟雷达在压制干扰下由于探测概率下降出现的目标暂消现象,并利用去相关无偏量测转换方法将球坐标下的量测转换到直角坐标系下.在此基础上,基于自适应联邦滤波的思想建立了雷达压制干扰下的机动目标跟踪算法.仿真结果表明,...     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.