Fragments from the forest: Aalto's requisitioning of forest place and matter

Alvar Aalto requisitioned aspects of Finnish vernacular culture in the process of generating his work. This was neither the cataloguing nor the transference of vernacular details, but the personal and creative response to the forest context and the vernacular crafting therein. The discussion of Aalto's personal strife will demonstrate the congruence between his own situation and that to which he is drawn for creative inspiration - i.e., between his personal 'gap' and the socio-cultural 'lack'. His example of softening or 'humanising' Modernism will be shown to be rooted in this congruence. The 'lack' indigenous buildings of Karelia were revisited in the wake of National Romanticism, and found to offer some thing of a natural order that seemed, perhaps incongruously to modern minds, to be compatible with contemporary human conditions.     

Sense of place: trends from the literature

ABSTRACT

Scholars studying sense of place have introduced several separate yet related terms which are often used interchangeably including phrases like place attachment, place meaning, place identity, and place dependence. Given the lack of a coherent understanding for sense of place in the literature, it is challenging to study and operationalize the concept in a consistent way. In this study, we use publication data and citation data to clarify how sense of place has been defined and applied. Our findings show that sense of place has evolved over time, although it is in the last decade that scholarship has grown considerably. We also find that the dimensions used to define and measure the concept have changed with time and discipline. These results imply that scholars need to study sense of place in careful consideration of the dimensions that they want to investigate and the disciplinary context each study is embedded in.     

巴萨罗那的城市项目计划：从城市片段实施巴塞罗那都市区规划

本文论述了当前巴塞罗那不同尺度都市区发展的城市项目,以此总结巴塞罗那都市建设之路。     

The effects of place meanings and social capital on desired forest management outcomes: A stated preference experiment

Planners and managers responsible for public-trust resources are often faced with making difficult value-laden decisions requiring trade offs between alternative, and often competing, outcomes. To make more informed decisions within volatile socio-political climates, resource managers and planners need an understanding of the benefits local community members would like the resource to produce, and an understanding of the social and psychological factors that influence those preferences. In this research, we focused on two increasingly important factors – social capital and place-based social–psychological attachments – that influence public preferences for management outcomes. We conducted a stated preference field experiment on residents living in three forest related communities within Southern Appalachia in the Southeastern United States. The experiment elucidated responses to hypothetical management plans designed to produce distinctly different outcomes. The results reveal ecologically focused management plans were the most preferred, much more so than plans designed to produce aesthetic, recreational, or economic outcomes. The data also reveal both individuals’ stocks of social capital as well as their place-based social–psychological attachments influence evaluation of competing management outcomes. Our methodological approach and empirical findings advance both the analytical approaches used to study multiple use public resources and existing knowledge regarding how social and psychological factors influence individuals’ decision-making processes.     

飞翔的"碎片"--维特拉消防站空间分析

本文以解构主义的哲学起源为依据,针对维特拉消防站的建筑外部和内部空间进行剖析,试图从理性的角度挖掘更多的本质意义.     

德国北莱茵-威斯特法伦州埃森歌副院——阿尔瓦·阿尔托人生舞台的终曲

该文从埃森歌剧院的设计构思、外部空间及室内空间等方面,全面解读了阿尔瓦·阿尔托纯朴的建筑风格,理性浪漫的建筑空间,自然主义与人情化的设计理念,让我们了解到建筑设计更深层的含义以度设计师的责任.     

Sense of place: inquiry and application

‘Sense of place’ is a fundamental, yet presumptive concept within the planning and design disciplines. Professional theories have largely remained focused on the physical aspects of place, as this is their primary mode of production. However, the academic literature suggests that sense of place is a multidimensional concept that extends beyond the physical attributes of a given location. A thorough literature review reveals that sense of place is influenced by four primary dimensions. It is argued that this theoretical perspective can better inform the transformation of space into place by linking each dimension with specific design processes.     

Accommodating the discarnate: thai spirit houses and the phenomenology of place

ABSTRACT

In Thailand, many homes possess small shrines for locality and guardian spirits. In Thai the shrines are known by various names denoting the ethereal occupants and their various spheres of influence. In English they are referred to collectively as “spirit houses.” By exploring the ways in which these shrines are used by Thai people through two case studies, this article addresses the prevalence of spirit houses in contemporary urban locations, an area which scholarship on Thai popular religion has largely neglected. Based upon eighteen months of fieldwork in three Thai cities, the article argues that the ornate shrines which adorn many house compounds in contemporary urban Thailand tie into local understandings of the social character of places. It is suggested that the persistence of spirit houses can be partly understood through their roles as mediators of the phenomenological experience of certain places. Spirit houses are one part of a gathering process that imbues places with significant meaning. The shrines exemplify that culturally specific interactions and engagements with spirits associated with certain places influence how the phenomenological qualities of these places are constructed and experienced.     

西方神话自然的片段

学者们对于景观是如何被呈现和感知的机理感兴趣。环境往往被选择性地呈现和描述,略过了一些真相,而促进了易察觉的印象。此研究主要借助于油画、照片和明信片（由艺术家和摄影师决定去呈现什么不去呈现什么,以及人们期待通过艺术作品看到何种景观）,强调关于景观自然性的文化感知。研究了3个案例：法国的卢瓦尔河流域,葡萄牙的阿连特茹以及...     

Blurring boundaries: Fragments of an urban research agenda

Conclusion The boundary identified by Robinson between ‘urbanism’ and ‘developmental-ism’ will not be eliminated overnight. South African urban studies in all its hues are probably too set in its ways to make room for the kinds of imagining proposed in this paper. However, there are signs that scholars and artists in other fields will simply drag the ‘multiplex’ dynamics of everyday urbanism to the front door, forcing recalcitrants to take notice. For instance, the flood of fiction and cultural studies on the city by authors like Sello Duiker, Phaswane Mpe, Ashraf Jamal, Gabeba Baderoon, Dominique Malaquais, Ntone Edjabe, Sarah Nuttal, amongst many others, is rising surreptitiously behind the backs of scholars, biding time. The immediate challenge is to create spaces for cross-disciplinary dialogues and exchanges, which may eventually lead to trans-disciplinary practices to capture the elusive South African urbanism in all its starkness, impervious to desire or redemption. This paper was originally read at: the South African Geography Conference, University of the Western Cape, 7–9 September 2005. I have kept the presentation format of the written version to avoid disturbing the narrative flow of the paper. I am indebted to Sue Parnell and Vanessa Watson for an ongoing conversation about urban research questions and possibilities which have found its way into the arguments that follow. I obviously remain solely responsible for what is written here.     

Sources and properties of non-exhaust particulate matter from road traffic: a review

While emissions control regulation has led to a substantial reduction in exhaust emissions from road traffic, currently non-exhaust emissions from road vehicles are unabated. These include particles from brake wear, tyre wear, road surface abrasion and resuspension in the wake of passing traffic. Quantification of the magnitude of such emissions is problematic both in the laboratory and the field and the latter depends heavily upon a knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of non-exhaust particles. This review looks at each source in turn, reviewing the available information on the source materials and particles derived from them in laboratory studies. In a final section, some of the key publications dealing with measurements in road tunnels and the roadside environment are reviewed. It is concluded that with the exception of brake dust particles which may be identified from their copper (Cu) and antimony (Sb) content, unequivocal identification of particles from other sources is likely to prove extremely difficult, either because of the lack of suitable tracer elements or compounds, or because of the interactions between sources prior to the emission process. Even in the case of brake dust, problems will arise in distinguishing directly emitted particles from those arising from resuspension of deposited brake dust from the road surface, or that derived from entrainment of polluted roadside soils, either directly or as a component of road surface dust.     

浅析建构与场所的互动

以场所为背景，建构为切入点，通过解读建构与场所的互动关系，浅析建构与场所的互动要点并体验相关实例，揭示了建构作为一种手段和策略对体现建筑所处特定场所的地域性和文化性、延续场所精神的重要。     

The place of neighbourhood in social cohesion: insights from massey, West Auckland

Within public health discourse there is growing recognition that the social structures and ecology of neighbourhoods impact on health and wellbeing. A clearer understanding of the pathways through which this influence occurs will inform locality-based interventions to tackle inequalities. In this paper we report on an interview based study with parents of young children living in Massey, a suburban neighbourhood of metropolitan Auckland. Locational access to community resources is comparatively poor in Massey as measured by a community resource accessibility index. The findings provide insights into the impact of such access to services and amenities on neighbourhood social cohesion. We conclude by suggesting planning strategies for strengthening neighbourhood identification and attachment for this population group.     

The place of neighbourhood in social cohesion: insights from massey,West Auckland

Within public health discourse there is growing recognition that the social structures and ecology of neighbourhoods impact on health and wellbeing. A clearer understanding of the pathways through which this influence occurs will inform locality-based interventions to tackle inequalities. In this paper we report on an interview based study with parents of young children living in Massey, a suburban neighbourhood of metropolitan Auckland. Locational access to community resources is comparatively poor in Massey as measured by a community resource accessibility index. The findings provide insights into the impact of such access to services and amenities on neighbourhood social cohesion. We conclude by suggesting planning strategies for strengthening neighbourhood identification and attachment for this population group.     

由行为场所理论看城市公共空间人性化设计

对城市公共空间人性化的概念进行了介绍,并对行为场所理论进行了探讨,选取居住小区环境中多个具体的典型场所,从行为场所理论来分析城市公共空间人性化设计的成败得失,以帮助人们创造出满足更多的人性化需要的城市公共空间。     

诺伯格·舒尔茨的"场所和场所精神"理论及其批判

对 2 0世纪 60至 70年代流行于西方社会的场所精神理论 ,从其时代背景、哲学渊源、精神内涵及实践等方面分别做了介绍 ,肯定了场所精神的可贵之处 ;然后指出了其作为一种理论和设计方法存在的缺陷和不足 :结构和研究方法有待完善 ,缺乏统一的客观标准 ,而且过分强调传统的分量 ;最后结合城市设计实践进一步说明其局限性 .正确地认识场所精神理论 ,对于我国当前城市设计理论和实践有一定的借鉴意义