考虑三维运动和相对滑动的滚动球轴承局部表面损伤动力学建模研究

滚动体通过局部表面损伤时轴承的运动参数及动力学响应是轴承疲劳损伤分析和故障诊断的有效输入和重要依据。基于GUPTA轴承模型构建具有局部表面损伤的滚动球轴承的完整动力学模型。该模型中每个轴承元件(滚球、内圈及外圈)具有6个自由度,并且考虑了元件之间的相对滑动和润滑牵引特性。在对局部表面损伤进行建模时,完整考虑了损伤出现后由于材料缺失而引入的额外间隙,以及损伤对赫兹接触刚度及接触载荷作用方向的影响。研究滚球在通过局部表面损伤时轴承的加速度与滚球/损伤之间冲击力的对应关系,以及轴承转速和损伤宽度对轴承振动响应的影响规律。仿真结果表明,由于考虑了相对滑动和滚球/损伤之间冲击力的影响,本模型能够对具有局部表面损伤的球轴承进行更为合理的动力学特性分析,可为滚动球轴承的疲劳损伤分析和故障定量诊断提供一定的理论依据。     

中介轴承故障动力学建模与振动特征分析

中介轴承是航空发动机转子的关键支承部件之一,工作转速高,润滑条件差,易发生故障。基于动力学模型的故障机理研究可以为中介轴承故障诊断提供依据。以Gupta圆柱滚子轴承复杂动力学建模方法为基础,考虑外圈的运动建立了中介轴承动力学模型,通过试验对模型进行验证。在此基础上,分别考虑滚道表面形貌和轴承间隙的变化,建立中介轴承磨损故障动力学模型;针对中介轴承滚道表面剥落等局部损伤故障,考虑滚动体通过损伤区域时趋近量和接触载荷方向的改变,建立中介轴承局部损伤故障动力学模型。利用所建故障动力学模型对不同磨损状态下中介轴承外圈径向振动响应进行研究。研究表明,出现磨损后,振动响应频率中出现若干随机成分;对于局部损伤和磨损的复合故障,随着磨损加剧,振动幅值随之增大,随机成分所占比重增加,损伤的故障特征不明显。     

基于非理想Hertz线接触特性的圆柱滚子轴承局部故障动力学建模

传统方法对圆柱滚子轴承局部故障动力学的分析都是基于Hertz线接触理论,然而当轴承的滚子为凸度形状时,滚子素线不为直线,滚子与滚道之间的接触问题已经超出Hertz线接触理论的范畴。针对这个问题,以滚道表面存在局部故障的圆柱滚子轴承为研究对象,提出考虑滚动体与内外圈滚道之间非理想Hertz线接触特性和时变位移激励的圆柱滚子轴承局部故障动力学模型,研究位移激励形式和局部故障尺寸对圆柱滚子轴承振动特性的影响规律。研究表明,该模型能克服传统的线接触经验公式无法考虑滚子与滚道曲率的缺点,能更加准确反映圆柱滚子轴承滚道表面局部故障与滚动体接触的实际情况,为滚动轴承早期局部故障动力学分析和诊断工作提供新的计算方法和一些有价值的结论。     

滚动轴承局部损伤故障动力学建模及仿真

针对实际齿轮箱轴承系统,建立了转子-故障滚动轴承-轴承座系统非线性振动模型,在模型中充分考虑了轴承间隙、滚珠与滚道的非线性接触力及变柔度VC振动.在此基础上,进一步建立了轴承外圈、内圈、滚动体局部损伤故障非线性动力学模型,并运用数值积分的方法进行了动力学仿真与分析.仿真分析结果验证了滚动轴承存在局部故障时的动力学特性,表明轴承局部损伤故障动力学模型的正确性.     

滚动轴承动力学分析中的理论问题（二）

对Ｇｕｐｔａ专著《滚动轴承动力学分析》中的下列理论问题进行了介绍和验证：①滚动轴承中零件间的几何相互作用，包括圆柱滚子轴承零件相互作用模型、法向接触载荷、牵引力与力矩。②滚动－滑动接触中润滑剂的牵引性能，包括润滑牵引模型、弹流牵引模型。     

高速滚动轴承考虑表面粗糙效应的运动特性分析

在高速滚动轴承运动特性分析中,考虑了表面粗糙效应.对高速滚动轴承保持架和滚子运动性能进行了测定.详细分析了高速滚子轴承各运行工况参数和摩擦学参数,尤其是高速轴承中的表面粗糙度效应对轴承运动性能的影响,分析了轴承元件表面粗糙度对转速及其打滑的影响,揭示了表面粗糙效应对轴承运转的动力学影响.寻找轴承元件打滑的原因,探索提高轴承寿命的新途径.     

振动机械滚动轴承的故障尺寸量化研究

针对振动机械滚动轴承故障尺寸量化的问题,通过对振动机械滚动轴承故障特征的分析,基于Hertz接触理论考虑局部单一故障尺寸对接触变形的影响,引入载荷分布区,建立振动机械滚动轴承外环单一局部损伤故障双冲击现象动力学模型.根据此模型进行仿真并在圆振动筛上对两组不同缺陷尺寸的轴承进行了实验研究.结果表明,因滚动体滚过缺陷而产生...     

考虑渐进变形和润滑剂的滚动轴承外圈单点故障动力学模型

针对传统滚动轴承模型将外圈局部损伤视为矩形缺口,滚动体与损伤接触瞬间产生变形且变形量恒等于故障高度的问题,将故障视为圆弧形缺口,接触变形量随滚动体进入故障内的程度而变化,并在考虑润滑剂影响的基础上建立了外圈单点故障的滚动轴承动力学渐进模型。以SKF6205轴承为例进行仿真分析,结果表明,外圈单点故障滚动轴承振动信号中的低频段为故障的特征频率及其倍频,渐进模型的幅值更大,能够更好地反映故障信息。另外,所提出模型的分析结果与西储大学轴承试验数据之间的误差不大于0.82%,证明了模型的正确性。     

高速轴承元件间相互作用力的分析

在高速轴承力分析中引入了部分弹性流体动力润滑理论,在考虑表面粗糙度效应的条件下,分析了轴承元件之间的相互作用力情况,描述了轴承套圈、保持架、滚动体之间的相互作用力在承载区域和非承载区域的大小及分布情况。     

结合动力学和CFD的轴承腔内两相流动与传热研究

综合考虑弹流润滑、表面粗糙度及钢球滑动对钢球与沟道微观接触区润滑状态的影响,建立了基于弹流润滑的高速球轴承拟动力学模型,获得了钢球的运动参数和轴承的功率损失.将拟动力学模型的输出作为边界条件,应用计算流体力学(CFD)分析软件ANSYS FLUENT建立轴承热流耦合模型,研究载荷、转速及喷嘴位置对轴承腔内两相流动和传热...     

基于滚道表面粗糙的高速圆柱滚子轴承弹流的理论分析

建立了基于表面粗糙的高速圆柱滚子轴承非稳态时变热弹流分析模型,分析了轴承滚道与滚动体接触表面粗糙度幅值大小及其方向对轴承弹流性能的影响。理论分析表明：轴承接触表面粗糙纹理方向、粗糙度幅值及其粗糙度波长对高速圆柱滚子轴承的弹流特性具有显著的影响;合理选择轴承接触表面粗糙度幅值、波长及纹理方向,可以有效改善高速圆柱滚子轴承的弹流特性。     

滚动轴承动态接触特性数值模拟中若干问题

滚动轴承运转过程中的动态接触特性与轴承使用寿命密切相关,目前主要是利用各种数值模拟技术开展轴承动态接触行为研究。通过在ANSYS/LS-DYNA研究平台上开展不同模型设计参数下滚动轴承动态接触特性的数值模拟研究,考察材料模型的设计、边界约束模式的选择和单元大小的定义等因素对数值模拟结果的影响情况。研究结果表明,由刚性体内外圈模型计算得到的滚子组最大应力仿真结果明显大于由弹性体内外圈模型得到的结果,且载荷方向上轴心位移变化起伏较大;采用外圈转动、内圈固定的边界约束模式时,轴承各组件上的最大动态接触应力值以及轴心在载荷方向的位移均高于采用内圈转动、外圈固定约束模式时的求解结果;单元大小也明显影响最终的动态模拟结果,较小单元尺寸下得到的应力结果明显大于较大单元尺寸下的模拟结果。研究结论可以为轴承动态接触特性数值模拟过程中模型构建方案的合理确定提供参考。     

一种考虑轴承缺陷影响的机构动力学分析方法

为有效地揭示轴承滚道缺陷特征对高速机构动态响应特性的影响规律,在多体动力学理论框架下提出一种考虑轴承缺陷影响的机构动力学分析方法。该理论采用力约束方法构建机构中滚动轴承转动副模型,通过分析轴承中各滚动体与滚道缺陷几何特征之间的接触关系,计算滚动体接触载荷并获取轴承转动副等效约束反力,探讨轴承缺陷激励对高速机构动态性能的影响规律。在此基础上,以含深沟球轴承的曲柄滑块机构为例,分析轴承滚道表面局部式缺陷和分布式波纹度缺陷对机构动力学特性的影响。研究表明,轴承滚道缺陷将引发轴承各滚动体接触动载荷突变。这种突变载荷经传播后,直接影响着机构中各构件的运动状态,对高速机构运动平稳性将产生严重影响。此外,该理论方法具有一般性,具有不同滚道几何缺陷特征的滚动轴承均可嵌入到本方法中,分析轴承转动副缺陷对各类机构动力学特性的影响。     

Measurement of Lubrication Condition in Rolling Element Bearings

Rolling element bearing performance is strongly dependent upon the degree of separation of rolling elements and raceways by means of a lubricant film. In critical applications, it is important to know the degree of surface separation, but the operating conditions are often not known in sufficient detail to make accurate calculations and the effects of some conditions are not yet adequately understood.

This paper describes a new instrument for directly measuring lubrication conditions in rolling element bearings in their application and in the laboratory. The capabilities of the instrument are demonstrated by comparison between calculated and measured degree of separation in a special test setup where details of the operating condition are known. The new instrument is a valuable tool for achieving optimum initial lubrication condition in a bearing application and in monitoring for lubrication failure.     

滚动轴承动力学仿真与分析

为研究滚动轴承的动态特性和振动特性,在ANSYS/LS-DYNA中建立了滚动轴承有限元模型,对外圈固定,内圈施加压力和转速,实现了滚动轴承的显式动力学仿真,得到了滚动轴承的应力分布和动态响应。仿真结果表明,滚动轴承最大应力出现在滚动体与内圈和外圈接触处,滚动体的最大线速度和最小线速度分别出现在滚动体与内圈和外圈接触点上,滚动体受到的应力最大,保持架的应力变化最为剧烈。     

Vibration analysis of rolling element bearings with various defects under the action of an unbalanced force

In this paper, a method based on the finite element vibration analysis is presented for defect detection in rolling element bearings with single or multiple defects on different components of the bearing structure using the time and frequency domain parameters. A dynamic loading model is proposed in order to create the nodal excitation functions used in the finite element vibration analysis as external loading. A computer code written in Visual Basic programming language with a graphical user interface is developed to create the nodal excitations for different cases including the outer ring, inner ring or rolling element defects. Forced vibration analysis of a bearing structure is performed using the commercial finite element package I-DEAS under the action of an unbalanced force transferred to the structure via a ball bearing. Time and frequency domain parameters such as rms, crest factor, kurtosis and band energy ratio for the frequency spectrum of the enveloped signals are used to analyse the effect of the defect location and the number of defects on the time and frequency domain parameters. The role of the receiving point for vibration measurements is also investigated. The vibration data for various defect cases including the housing structure effect can be obtained using the finite element vibration analysis in order to develop an optimum monitoring method in condition monitoring studies.     

Particle Damage in Hertzian Contacts and Life Ratings of Rolling Bearings

Particle denting, and contamination marks found on bearing raceways, can induce stress concentrations and facilitate surface initiated fatigue. The lubricant film developed at the dent and related local surface stresses are also significant to the crack initiation mechanism. In this article, a new methodology is presented to link the micro-EHL film and related local stresses to the fatigue life of rolling bearings. The applied methodology is based on Fourier analysis of the harmonic components of the surface microgeometry to predict stresses and induced lubricant film. The application of this method to actual bearing surfaces is discussed and analyzed in relation to some existing microcontact EHL solutions. A global evaluation of the use of the method to rolling bearings dynamic load ratings is also carried out. A comparison between experimentally obtained rolling bearing life and lives predicted using the present theory indicate the global ability of the model to describe the effect of the lubrication quality on the life expectancy of rolling contacts. From this analysis, an assessment of some typical equations used in rolling bearing dynamic ratings is carried out. It is found that the degree of lubrication of the rolling contact and the cleanliness conditions of the oil are indeed significant to the prediction of the life expectancy of the bearing.     

Technology and experiments of 42CrMo bearing ring forming based on casting ring blank

Bearing ring is the crucial component of bearing. With regard to such problems as material waste, low efficiency and high energy consumption in current process of producing large bearing ring, a new process named ＂casting-rolling compound forming technology＂ is researched by taking the typical 42CrMo slew bearing as object. Through theoretical analysis, the design criteria of the main casting-rolling forming parameters are put forward at first. Then the constitutive relationship model of as-cast 42CrMo steel and its mathematical model of dynamic recrystallization are obtained according to the results of the hot compression experiment. By a coupled thermal-mechanical finite element model for radial-axial rolling of bearing ring, the fraction of dynamic recrystallization is calculated and recrystallized grains size are predicated. Meanwhile, the effects of the initial rolling temperature and feed rate of idle roll on material microstructure evolution are analyzed. Finally, the industrial rolling experiment is designed and performed, based on the simulation results. In addition, mechanical and metallographic tests are conducted on rolled bearing ring to get the mechanical parameters and metallographic structure. The experimental data and results show that the mechanical properties of bearing ring produced by casting-rolling compound forming technology are up to industrial standard, and a qualified bearing ring can be successfully formed by employing this new technology. Through the study, a process of forming large bearing ring directly by using casting ring blank is obtained, which could provide an effective theoretical guidance for manufacturing large ring parts. It also has an edge in saving material, lowering energy and improving efficiency.     

非线性轴承-转子系统的稳定性和分岔

研究了非解析径向椭圆轴承支承的转子系统的稳定性和分岔。考虑了转动惯量的影响,利用非线性油膜力以增加数值计算的精度。在不需要额外再解Reynolds方程的情况下,采用等参有限元法,求解了具有Reynolds边值条件的流体润滑椭圆型变分约束方程,使得动力积分过程中所需非线性油膜力及其Jacobian矩阵能够同时计算完成并且具有足够且协调一致的精度。在稳定性分析中,运用打靶法和轨迹预测追踪算法研究了系统非线性不平衡响应,结合Floquet理论研究了随着轴承设计参数改变时非线性轴承—转子系统T周期运动的局部稳定性和分岔行为。