一种基于局部多项式回归的气敏传感器模型优化算法

气敏传感器精确建模,为实现气体精确测量发挥重要作用。针对气敏传感器差异造成自动化系统不稳定问题,提出一种参数校准算法。然后基于改进PSO-BP神经网络拟合传感器响应值与气体浓度之间的关系特性,构建出二维气敏特性模型。同时为减少温度对数学模型影响,又提出回归分析三维模型优化方法。实验及应用结果表明,该参数校准方法以及模型优化方法,提高原模型参数精度以及系统可靠度,为气敏传感器制备与应用提供较高参考价值。     

一种新型的半导体气体传感器-热线型气体传感器

热线性气体传感器作为一种新型的半导体气体传感器,除了具有灵敏度高、响应恢复时间短、稳定性好的特点外,还具有较低的功耗和优良的抗环境温湿度干扰能力,解决了传统旁热式半导体气体传感器中长期存在问题.本文较为详细地介绍了该类传感器的结构、气敏性能以及气敏机理.     

高精度气敏特性动态测试装置的设计与实现

测试方法和配气精度对传感器气敏性能测试至关重要。常见的气敏特性测试设备多采用静态测试方法,存在因配气精度低导致的测试不准确、数据波动大、气体选择性差等缺陷。针对这些问题,基于动态气体检测方法,设计了一种高精度气敏特性动态测试装置。介绍了装置的整体结构、基本原理和实现方法。装置选用高精度质量流量计,实现对气体质量流量的精确控制。特设的混气室两级掺混结构,避免了气流波动,可实现平稳掺混,混气效果均匀可靠。基于有限元分析方法,设计了气体传感器测试室,对其流体力学性能进行建模仿真。结果表明,该测试室结构简单、气阻小、气流稳定。通过试验,证实该测试装置解决了配气不准确、混气不均匀、测试数据波动等问题,可有效提高测试装置的性能和测试精度,非常适用于高性能气体传感器气敏特性研究,具有广阔的应用前景。     

一种新型的半导体气体传感器一热线性气体传感器

热线性气体传感器作为一种新型的半导体气体传感器，除了具有灵敏度高、响应恢复日寸间短、稳定性好的特点外，还具有较低的功耗和优良的抗环境温湿度干扰能力，解决了传统旁热式半导体气体传感器中长期存在问题。本文较为详细地介绍了该类传感器的结构、气敏性能以及气敏机理。     

用于实时、动态检测多组分气体的多传感器技术与电化学传感器系统

依据待测多组分气体交叉反应的动力学特性和暂态电化学原理,融合计算机控制的快速电势调制方法,提出并建立了基于单个气敏微电极的多传感器技术,构建了一类新的电化学多组分气体传感器系统.该系统既保持了电化学传感器的优点,又具备信息采集和处理的能力,成功地将单个气敏电极对多组分气体交叉敏感的致命缺陷转化为快速同时检测多组分混合气体的动力学条件加以利用,用单个气敏元件(电极)实施多组分气体的实时、动态检测.本文还就传感器系统的暂态电化学响应机制、检测精度、测量速度和连续检测的长期稳定性作了讨论.     

一种基于虚拟技术的气敏传感器测试系统

传统的气敏传感器测试是将传感器固定在一个已知体积的密闭容器中,通入一定浓度的被测气体,借助简单的电路设计,监测传感器的电阻表征性能。该方法存在配气误差大、动态响应弱、测试效率低等问题,无法满足用户的实际测试需求。针对该问题,提出了一种基于Lab VIEW虚拟技术的动态电阻匹配方法。介绍了整个测试系统的模块组成、各个模块的基本原理和实现方法。试验结果表明,应用该系统进行气敏传感器测试,测试误差减小了0.1%,测试时间也缩短一半。气敏传感器测试系统不但降低了试验成本,还解决了许多高灵敏度气体传感器无法测试的问题,为衡量气敏传感器的性能优劣提供了真实可靠的参数,在气敏传感器测试中具有广阔的应用前景。     

WO_3气敏薄膜的膜厚对气体响应时间的影响

用简单的模型分析了薄膜气体传感器敏感材料的膜厚对气体响应时间的影响,该模型适用于分析WO3薄膜气体传感器的敏感特性。薄膜气体传感器的敏感特性依赖于气体原子在薄膜内的扩散和与气敏材料的响应;而气体原子在薄膜内的扩散是由薄膜厚度决定的。经过推导得出理论上WO3薄膜对NH3的敏感特性,并将其与实验所得的数据进行比较。最后,给出了WO3薄膜气体传感器的气敏特性与气体在其膜内扩散和膜厚的关系。     

射频磁控溅射SnO2/MWCNTs 薄膜材料的气敏性能研究

采用射频反应磁控溅射方法制备掺杂多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的snO2薄膜材料,并在此基础之上制作了N02气敏传感器,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了SnO2/MWCNTs薄膜材料的表面形貌、物质组份材料特性,采用气敏元件测试系统来分析优越感的气敏效应,包括灵敏度、选择性、响应-恢复等特性,实验结果表明该气敏传感器对超低浓度(10ppb)NO2气体有很好的灵敏度,对干扰气体不敏感,提出了气敏机理解释实验现象.     

SnO2薄膜的电学气敏特性与光学气敏特性研究

用射频磁控反应溅射法制备了ＳｎＯ２薄膜,并分别测量薄膜在乙醇气体中的电学气敏特性和光学气敏特性。对实验结果的分析表明,ＳｎＯ２薄膜对乙醇气体有较强的电学气敏效应和光学气敏效应。利用ＳｎＯ２薄膜的电学气敏特性适合检测较低浓度乙醇气体,而利用ＳｎＯ２薄膜的光学气敏特性能检测较高浓度乙醇气体。     

气体传感器研究进展和发展方向

根据气体传感器使用的气敏材料以及气敏材料与气体相互作用的效应不同对目前研究的主要气体传感器进行了分类。介绍了半导体气体传感器、固体电解质气体传感器、接触燃烧式气体传感器、光学式气体传感器、石英谐振式气体传感器、表面声波气体传感器等气体传感器国内外研究与应用概况。重点叙述了不同类型气体传感器气敏材料研究取得的进展情况。在综合该领域国内外研究现状的基础上，提出了气体传感器的发展方向。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.