基于递归理论的泵站压力管道运行状态监测

为了准确地识别建筑结构的模态参数,提出了一种基于多重信号分类算法（multiple signal classification,简称MUSIC）、经验小波变换（empirical wavelet transform,简称EWT）和同步提取小波变换（synchroextracting transform ,简称SET）的结构模态参数识别方法。首先,通过MUSIC-EWT对实测振动信号进行分解;其次,使用SET对单模态信号进行去噪处理;然后,采用自然环境激励技术（natural excitation technique,简称NExT）得到单模态信号的自由衰减响应;最后,利用Hilbert变换（hilbert transform,简称HT）和曲线拟合获得结构的自振频率和阻尼比。通过三层框架结构的数值模拟验证了该方法的准确性和鲁棒性。利用该方法对台风“达维”作用下广州中信广场的实测加速度数据进行分析,并将估计的结构模态参数和其他识别方法的分析结果进行对比,进一步证明了该方法的准确性和鲁棒性。     

基于奇异值分解的ERA改进算法及模态定阶

研究了一种基于奇异值分解的ERA改进算法和模态定阶方法。在奇异值分解基础上,根据选定阶次在动态系统中所占比重,提出一种模态定阶指标——奇异值百分比,将该指标应用在改进后的特征系统算法中。首先,利用脉冲响应信号构造初始Hankel矩阵,对此矩阵进行奇异值分解生成去噪后的信号矩阵;其次,根据Cadzow算法重构Hankel矩阵;最后,利用奇异值指标确定模态阶次。通过仿真算例验证了改进后的特征系统实现算法具有良好的抗噪能力,利用定阶指标能有效确定模态阶次、剔除虚假模态,对于阻尼识别精度更高。应用该方法对某三厢车排气系统进行了模态参数识别,通过与LMS系统识别结果比较验证了方法的准确性。     

环境激励下高桩码头物理模型模态实验

建立高桩码头物理模型,进行环境激励下的模态实验研究.利用特征系统实现算法(eigensystem realizationalgorithm,简称ERA),结合自然激励技术(natural excitation technique,简称NExT),即NExT-ERA模态识别方法编写模态识别程序来识别物理模型的模态参数,并与有限元模型的计算结果进行对比分析.研究结果表明,物理模型实验值与有限元计算结果相比,二者数值接近,误差很小,说明NExT-ERA模态识别方法能够应用于环境激励下高桩码头的模态识别.环境载荷激励下结构的动力响应信号较弱,结构的高阶模态一般无法激出,某些数据识别出的模态参数存在“漏阶”现象,因此结合有限元模型进行分析非常必要.     

望远镜塔架系统试验模态分析

塔架系统的振动特性对望远镜的成像质量具有重要的影响。以望远镜塔架模型为研究对象进行模态分析,针对无参数化模态分析引起模态参数不准确的问题,提出采用最小二乘复指数法(LSCE)进行试验模态分析,确定结构的模态频率、阻尼比和模态振型。通过稳态图方法剔除识别过程所衍生的虚假模态,又通过模态置信判据验证模态的相关性,提高了模态参数识别结果的准确性,与无参数化试验模态分析结果对比表明,模态频率的最大误差仅为4.4%,一致性较好,结果表明LSCE算法的正确性和适应性。     

基于QICA的工作模态参数识别技术及其应用研究

针对目前基于振动信号的工作模态参数识别方法存在抗噪能力低,参数识别主观经验性较强,识别精度差和识别方法较复杂等问题,研究了一种基于量子优化ICA的工作模态参数识别技术(Operational Model Analysis,OMA),通过齿轮箱LMS模态实验证明,QICA模态参数识别技术操作简单,能够有效排除噪声干扰。最后以QICA识别的齿轮箱五种工况模态频率作为故障诊断特征参量,分析对比各工况下的模态频率的变化,进行了齿轮箱故障诊断。     

基于变分模态分解的管道泄漏信号降噪方法

管道泄漏信号的降噪是精确定位泄漏点的关键,但该信号具有非平稳、非线性的特性,传统方法对这类信号的去噪效果有限。为了有效剔除噪声以提升泄漏定位的精度,提出了一种基于变分模态分解（variational mode decomposition,简称VMD）的自适应降噪方法。首先,通过相关系数筛选有效固有模态函数（intrinsic mode function,简称IMF）实现信号重构;其次,根据重构信号信息熵的最小值,得到VMD的最优分解层数和最优降噪信号;最后,通过负压波理论实现泄漏定位,并搭建了管道泄漏实验系统对所提方法进行验证。结果表明：该方法能有效抑制噪声,保留了信号的波形特征,且能识别出明显的负压波拐点;泄漏定位的最小相对误差为0.9%,最大为3.75%。与传统方法相比,所提方法定位的精度更高,结果更稳定。     

基于BWO优化VMD联合小波阈值的管道泄漏次声波去噪方法

管道泄漏次声波信号中的干扰噪声影响管道泄漏定位的精准度。提出了一种基于白鲸优化算法（BWO）优化变分模态分解（VMD）联合小波阈值（WT）的管道泄漏次声波去噪方法。针对VMD算法中分解层数K和惩罚因子α的取值对信号分解结果影响较大,利用白鲸优化算法（BWO）对VMD分解的两关键参数进行寻优,获得最优参数组合[K、α],并利用优化后的参数对次声波信号进行VMD分解,获得一系列本征模函数（IMF）分量。通过计算各IMF分量的相关系数来区分噪声IMF分量和有效IMF分量,引入一种改进的小波阈值函数对有效的IMF分量进行去噪处理,再重构去噪后各有效IMF分量,得到去噪后的管道泄漏次声波信号。通过仿真实验,将所提方法与灰狼优化算法（GWO）优化VMD联合小波阈值和麻雀搜索算法（SSA）优化VMD联合小波阈值两种方法对比,所提方法去噪后信号的信噪比分别提高了1.27%、2.01%,表明所提方法的去噪效果具有一定的优越性,为后续管道泄漏计算定位奠定了良好的基础。     

复杂结构试验模态振型高效识别方法研究

结构模态振型的精确识别是复杂结构动力修改的基础。文中以发动机缸体作为研究对象,通过结构模态仿真识别与试验识别结果的相关性研究,验证了结构模态参数识别结果的有效性。在此基础上提出了以试验模态振型矢量为虚拟位移激励,基于结构有限元分析模型进行静力分析计算,将其静力学变形矢量等效为结构模态振型矢量的一种模态扩展分析方法,与传统试验模态振型识别方法相比,识别效率有较大改善。     

应变模态参数曲线的结构损伤位置及程度研究

对结构的损伤进行诊断和评估是健康监测系统的核心问题,而敏感的损伤指标是损伤诊断的关键,并且传统的模态参数不易识别结构的早期局部微小损伤。以悬臂梁作为研究对象,对其进行有限元分析,与实验结果进行对比。研究结果表明:频率仅能识别结构损伤存在;位移模态对局部损伤不敏感;应变模态参数对局部微小损伤非常敏感,损伤处应变值明显大于未损伤处,能非常精确地识别结构损伤的位置及程度。该实验可运用到其它复杂机械结构的早期局部微小损伤中。     

环境风激励下中信广场的模态参数识别

为了准确地识别建筑结构的模态参数,提出了一种基于多重信号分类算法(multiple signal classification,简称MUSIC)、经验小波变换(empirical wavelet transform,简称EWT)和同步提取小波变换(synchroextracting transform,简称SET)的结构模态参数识别方法。首先,通过MUSIC-EWT对实测振动信号进行分解;其次,使用SET对单模态信号进行去噪处理;然后,采用自然环境激励技术(natural excitation technique,简称NExT)得到单模态信号的自由衰减响应;最后,利用Hilbert变换(hilbert transform,简称HT)和曲线拟合获得结构的自振频率和阻尼比。通过三层框架结构的数值模拟验证了该方法的准确性和鲁棒性。利用该方法对台风"达维"作用下广州中信广场的实测加速度数据进行分析,并将估计的结构模态参数和其他识别方法的分析结果进行对比,进一步证明了该方法的准确性和鲁棒性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.