斜齿轮啮合传动内部激励研究

齿轮啮合传动的内部激励是引起齿轮振动和噪声的关键因素,以某8挡自动变速器中一对常啮合斜齿轮为研究对象,对其啮合传动过程的内部激励开展全面深入研究,包括齿面接触状态、时变啮合刚度、误差激励和啮合冲击。采用有限元法分析斜齿轮的静态和动态接触过程,得到齿面接触应力的大小及分布;采用接触线长度变化表示时变啮合刚度的理论方法和采用有限元仿真的方法得到斜齿轮传动的时变啮合刚度曲线;采用理论计算和有限元法分析斜齿轮误差激励,包含啮合误差、静态传递误差和动态传递误差;采用有限元法分析啮合冲击,得到齿轮传动过程的齿根应力;采用有限元法计算齿面接触线上应力分布。研究为斜齿轮传动状态的改善提供了基础。     

修形齿轮动态特性对比试验研究

对汽车变速器而言,其振动噪声的主要来源是传动齿轮的啮合冲击,而齿轮修形技术能够有效地降低汽车变速器齿轮的啮合冲击,为探究不同修形参数对齿轮振动噪声的影响,进行了修形齿轮动态特性对比试验研究,从而得出适合的修形参数。试验研究结果为确定齿轮修形参数提供了基础数据参考。     

基于最优修形设计的变速器齿轮性能优化

以某款五挡变速器的齿轮传动机构为研究对象,利用Romax Designer软件,建立了该变速器齿轮传动机构的仿真模型,并对修形前4挡齿轮的承载情况、传递误差和齿面载荷分布情况进行了仿真分析。根据齿轮齿向修形和齿廓修形的理论,利用正交试验原理分析4挡齿轮三维修形参数的变量范围,然后利用遗传算法对齿轮修形参数实施优化,得到最优的齿轮修形参数组合,并利用整车试验验证了这一方法的有效性。对比优化前后的结果可知,利用齿轮三维修形技术可以较大程度地降低齿轮承受的应力,降低齿轮传递误差的波动幅值,优化齿轮齿面的应力分布情况,降低振动噪声。同时也能够证明利用此方法可以有效地改善齿轮的啮合情况,是优化齿轮啮合性能的有效手段。     

基于EXCITE PU的某重型变速器啸叫噪声模拟优化

本文针对重型变速器啸叫噪声,通过耦合有限单元法和多体动力学方法,使用AVL—EXCITE Power Unit软件搭建了某重型变速器振动仿真模型,并与该变速器振动试验对标,模拟结果复现了齿轮的啸叫噪声。基于齿轮修形理论,采用KISSOFT软件对齿轮进行齿面微观修形,进而对变速器啸叫噪声优化,形成变速器啸叫噪声优化模拟方法。研究结果表明,齿轮微观修形可以减小传递误差,对啸叫噪声起到明显的改善效果。     

齿面微观修形技术在齿轮降噪中的应用

在纵置变速器中常啮合齿轮副修形质量的高低对变速器的整体噪声水平有很大影响。建立齿轮静传递误差模型,运用RomaxDesigner软件中的齿面微观几何分析技术对某汽车纵置变速器的常啮合齿轮副进行齿面微观优化修形,并对优化修形前后齿面载荷分布均匀性、单位长度载荷最大值和静传递误差等参数进行对比。结果表明,通过优化修形可以使常啮合齿轮副的齿面载荷分布更加均匀,静传递误差幅值减小,从而达到降低齿轮噪声的目的。     

汽车变速器啸叫噪声源识别与分析

通过某款五档手动变速器二档啸叫噪声改善实例的介绍,探讨了噪声问题改进的工作方法,根据整车NVH或振动噪声台架测试识别噪声源,分析噪声激励性质和成因,确定通过降低档位齿轮传递误差和啮合冲击来改善噪声的思路,制定齿轮微观修形方案,改善齿轮承载状态的啮合接触,有效降低啸叫噪声。     

变速器齿轮三维综合修形研究

以双离合变速器齿轮传动系统为研究对象,运用Romax软件,建立了齿轮传动系统虚拟样机模型,分析了修形前1挡齿轮的承载能力、接触斑点和传动误差;基于斜齿轮螺旋线修形和齿廓修形的理论基础,利用最优拉丁抽样原理对1挡齿轮三维综合修形参数进行设计分配,运用神经网络遗传算法寻优,得到最优三维修形参数组合。仿真计算结果表明,齿轮三维修形可以较大幅度的降低齿轮接触应力,优化齿轮接触斑点,降低啮合传动误差。优化前后结果对比,也能证明文中所用方法的有效性,对变速器齿轮设计优化方面具有一定借鉴作用。     

基于KISSsoft的齿轮修形优化设计

以风电齿轮箱高速级齿轮传动为研究对象,利用KISSsoft软件进行齿轮修形优化设计。通过对比高速级齿轮原有单一目标齿轮修形设计及多目标修形优化两种状态下的计算结果,得出以提高齿面接触、齿根弯曲强度和齿面抗胶合能力,减小传递误差及改善齿面载荷分布的多目标修形设计可以有效地提高齿轮强度,改善啮合质量,降低齿轮传动振动和噪声。     

基于ROMAX的齿轮修形优化设计与试验研究

以拖拉机变速箱传动系统为研究对象,以ROMAX为平台,对不同工况下传动轴的变形量和齿轮的位错量进行了分析。对修形之后的齿轮的传递误差曲线和啮合特性进行了研究,确定最佳修形量,分析了齿轮产生振动和噪声的机理和影响因素。进行了修形斜齿轮的台架试验,分析未修形齿轮与修形齿轮的振动特性,验证齿轮修形效果的正确性。     

斜齿轮拓扑修形优化设计与试验

为了提高斜齿轮副的啮合性能,提出一种对齿轮齿廓和齿向双向修形的拓扑修形方法.基于Romax Designer软件平台,建立斜齿轮副的传动模型,并根据齿轮拓扑修形方法与遗传算法来确定修形参数并在Romax中进行优化.改变微观几何参数查看齿轮修形前后的传动误差与齿面载荷分布的均匀性.为验证仿真结果正确性,对斜齿轮副进行振动...     

直齿锥齿轮齿廓修形

根据啮合刚度和噪声之间的关系,以修形减振降噪为目的,用旋转渐开线曲线对直齿锥齿轮进行齿廓修形.以减小齿轮传动误差和啮合刚度的波动大小为衡量标准,同时确保载荷变化呈平稳过渡.静态计算结果表明,直齿锥齿轮齿廓长修形具有较好的减振效果.直齿锥齿轮采用冷精锻进行齿廓修形,显著地降低了成本,这为齿轮传动系统的修形、减振、降噪和设计提供了一种新的研究方法.     

齿轮传动动态系统辨识及修形研究

利用自动控制理论研究实际工况下齿轮传动的动态性能, 通过系统辨识算法, 建立了直齿圆柱齿轮传动周向振动和噪声之间的差分方程模型, 此模型能够准确描述齿轮传动系统的动态特性。根据齿轮传动周向振动和轮齿变形之间对应关系, 对降低齿轮传动噪声的齿廓修形曲线进行了优化设计, 并进行了试验验证。为齿轮传动系统的修形、减振、降噪和优化设计提供了一种新的研究方法。     

滤波减速器轮齿齿形修形及分析

介绍了滤波减速器的结构及传动原理,分析了滤波减速器轮齿齿形修形的原因,同时选用适用于工业生产的修形量、修形曲线及修形长度计算方法,对样机进行了实例计算。并用ANSYS对修形前后齿轮啮合过程进行动态接触有限元分析,比较修形前后轮齿表面接触应力的变化,验证了修形效果。最后对样机进行了振动测试实验,进一步证明了轮齿齿形修形可以起到减振降噪的效果。     

Proposal of a face gear which generates virtual high mesh frequency by addition of grooves on the tooth flank,and the investigation via vibration simulator and actual samples

This report discusses the method of tooth flank modification of a face gear which improves the handle rotational feeling in a fishing reel. A vibration based on a gear pair engagement in fishing reel occurs when a handle of the reel rotates. When this vibration is large, an angler feels uncomfortable, and it is known that the rotational feeling strongly depends on the transmission error of a face gear which is mounted on the reel. In this report, a new method of tooth flank modification was proposed. Based on the new method, it is possible to increase the mesh frequency while keeping the module size and the outer diameter of the face gear unchanged. In this method, several grooves were added along the contact curve on the tooth flank of the face gear. The influence on vibration by these grooves was investigated using the vibration simulator which was introduced in the author’s previous reports. Moreover, sample face gears were manufactured and the rotational feeling was evaluated. As a result, it was confirmed that the rotational feeling was improved by applying a proper number of grooves and groove width.     

采用碟形砂轮的斜齿面齿轮磨齿技术研究

为了制造出高精度硬齿面斜齿面齿轮和获得抛物线传动误差并改善啮合性能,对采用碟形砂轮加工双向修形的斜齿面齿轮的磨齿方法进行了研究。设计了渐开线失配的碟形砂轮齿面,分析了碟形砂轮磨削斜齿面齿轮的展成原理,根据展成原理和用渐开线失配的碟形砂轮并改变砂轮的运动,推导出双向修形斜齿面齿轮的齿面方程。给出了双向修形斜齿面齿轮的齿面计算和接触分析实例,结果表明:理论齿面的最大齿面误差为5.98×10-4μm,采用碟形砂轮加工双向修形斜齿面齿轮的磨齿方法是可行的,获得了斜齿面齿轮抛物线传动误差,避免了边缘接触并改善了斜齿面齿轮的啮合性能。     

高变位齿轮的修形及降噪分析

针对海洋钻进平台减速器高位齿轮在低速重载工况中存在啮合冲击大、齿面容易胶合以及传动噪音大等问题,选取减速箱高速级的一对齿轮副进行分析建模。在齿轮所受载荷不变的条件下,改变齿轮的齿形修形量,利用Kisssoft软件对齿轮的传动误差和瞬时加速度进行对比分析,通过ANSYS软件对齿轮修形前后的齿轮模态分析验证了齿轮修形可以减震降噪的正确性。研究结果表明:合理的修形设计能有效改善啮合质量、降低齿轮传动误差和噪音;当修行量达到26μm时,传动误差和安全系数达到最佳值,相应的齿轮噪音值最低,为低速重载齿轮修形在实际工程上的应用提供参考依据。     

Contact finite element method for dynamic meshing characteristics analysis of continuous engaged gear drives

The dynamic meshing characteristics of gear drives have been a major concern in the design of power transmission systems as they affect vibration, acoustic noise, durability and efficiency. Gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamic meshing characteristics of continuous engaged gear drives is a key to the development of power transmission systems. In this paper, a dynamic contact finite element analysis method, considering the variation of the engaged teeth pairs, the loaded elastic and contact deformations, and the sliding friction, is presented for the dynamic meshing characteristics analysis of continuous and elastic engaged gear drives. Various kinds of continuous engaged gear models under low and high speed condition are simulated and compared using the presented method. The tooth profile modification was designed based on the simulation results. Moreover, the effects of the tooth profile modification, the sliding friction and the time-varying meshing stiffness upon the dynamic meshing characteristics of continuous engaged gear drives are discussed in detail. The results show that the method is not only effective in designing and evaluating the tooth profile modification, but also in studying the dynamic meshing characteristics of continuous engaged gear drives with realistic time-varying meshing stiffness and tooth sliding friction. The present method could provide an effective tool for vibration mechanism study and dynamic design of the continuous engaged gear drives considering more influence factors.     

Effects of gear modifications on the dynamic characteristics of wind turbine gearbox considering elastic support of the gearbox

The reliability and service life of wind turbines are directly influenced by the dynamic performance of the gearbox under the time-varying wind loads. The control of vibration behavior is essential for the achievement of a 20-year service life. We developed a rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model for a wind turbine gearbox. The planet carrier, the housing, and the bedplate are modelled as flexibilities while other components are assumed as rigid bodies. The actual three points elastic supporting are considered and a strip based mesh model is used to represent the engagement of the gear pairs. The effects of gear tooth modifications on the dynamics were investigated. Finally, we conducted a dynamic test for the wind turbine gearbox in the wind field. Results showed that the contact characteristics of gear pairs were improved significantly; the peak-to-peak value of transmission error of each gear pair was reduced; the amplitudes of the vibration acceleration and the structural noise of the wind turbine gearbox were lowered after suitable tooth modification.     

Statistical modification analysis of helical planetary gears based on response surface method and Monte Carlo simulation

Tooth modification technique is widely used in gear industry to improve the meshing performance of gearings. However, few of the present studies on tooth modification considers the influence of inevitable random errors on gear modification effects. In order to investigate the uncertainties of tooth modification amount variations on system's dynamic behaviors of a helical planetary gears, an analytical dynamic model including tooth modification parameters is proposed to carry out a deterministic analysis on the dynamics of a helical planetary gear. The dynamic meshing forces as well as the dynamic transmission errors of the sun-planet 1 gear pair with and without tooth modifications are computed and compared to show the effectiveness of tooth modifications on gear dynamics enhancement. By using response surface method, a fitted regression model for the dynamic transmission error(DTE) fluctuations is established to quantify the relationship between modification amounts and DTE fluctuations. By shifting the inevitable random errors arousing from manufacturing and installing process to tooth modification amount variations, a statistical tooth modification model is developed and a methodology combining Monte Carlo simulation and response surface method is presented for uncertainty analysis of tooth modifications. The uncertainly analysis reveals that the system's dynamic behaviors do not obey the normal distribution rule even though the design variables are normally distributed. In addition, a deterministic modification amount will not definitely achieve an optimal result for both static and dynamic transmission error fluctuation reduction simultaneously.