碳化钨模仁表面沉积Re-Ir抗高温黏连涂层研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术,在WC模仁基材表面分别生长Re、Ir单层膜及Re/Ir复合多层膜3种膜系。通过扫描电子显微镜、表面轮廓仪、X射线衍射仪以及纳米压痕仪等对所制备涂层的表面形貌、结构以及涂层力学性能进行表征,同时采用高温润湿角测量仪结合常用的镜头玻璃硝材D-ZK3与模仁进行高温浸润测试。结果表明,涂覆3种膜系后模仁力学性能及抗玻璃高温黏连性能都得到了明显改善,且Re/Ir多层膜系综合性能优于Re和Ir单层膜系,在延续基材表面精度的同时,较大幅度地提高了模仁表面硬度及弹性模量,高温状态下与玻璃硝材浸润性明显减弱,接触界面未观察到元素互扩散现象,显示良好的应用前景。     

微纳米覆盖层材料的力学性能表征探讨

使用Agilent公司G200微/纳米压痕仪对多种微纳米覆盖层材料的力学性能进行了测量。结果表明,通过连续刚度法测量微纳米涂层材料,可以获得涂层硬度和弹性模量,并能得到涂层硬度或弹性模量随厚度的变化规律;通过试验也可以看到,纳米压痕法测量膜材的力学性能存在明显的表面效应;基材对膜材的力学性能没有影响;膜材厚度越大,同一深度测得的膜材的弹性模量越高。     

纯钛材与大变形纯钛材微弧氧化膜层的力学性能研究

采用微弧氧化法在纯钛材及大变形纯钛材表面制备了含钙、磷的多孔氧化膜层,研究膜层的微观形貌、硬度、膜基结合力、滚动摩擦磨损性能等性能,探讨钛基材组织细化对其膜层结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:与纯钛材微弧氧化膜层相比,大变形纯钛材微弧氧化膜层表面微纳米尺度的孔洞更多,孔隙率更高(10.84%vs.9.68%),孔洞孔径更小(8.67μm vs.9.68μm),表面更平坦,锐钦矿相含量更高(43.13%vs.37.74%),膜-基结合能力更强(17 N vs.8N),摩擦系数较低(0.338 vs.0.358),耐磨性能更优,以上的膜层结构及力学性能的改善归因于其钛基材大变形化提高了晶体缺陷。     

封接温度对双银Low-e真空平板玻璃膜层力学性能的影响

通过高温封接工艺制备了双银Low-e真空平板玻璃,采用场发射扫描电镜观察不同封接温度下的试样膜层表面及断面微观形貌,并利用纳米压痕仪测试各试样力学性能以及各试样的临界载荷。结果表明,适当的封接温度可提高Low-e膜层的致密度,优化双银Low-e膜层的弹性模量、纳米硬度及膜层与玻璃基的结合性能,480℃下膜层的弹性模量、纳米硬度及临界载荷的综合性能较好;随封接温度升高,膜层的蠕变应力指数增大,超过500℃,该值增幅增大。     

激光微纳烧结处理对玻璃陶瓷涂层组织及腐蚀性能的影响

采用高温烧结、球磨破碎的方法制备出了SiO2玻璃与Cr2O3陶瓷包覆型玻璃陶瓷复合粉末.利用常规氧—乙炔火焰喷涂技术在45钢基材表面制备出了玻璃陶瓷保护涂层,并使用激光微纳烧结技术对热喷涂层进行二次处理.研究了激光微纳烧结对玻璃陶瓷涂层组织与性能的影响.结果表明,采用激光微纳烧结对玻璃陶瓷涂层进行二次处理,可提高涂层结构的致密性,使组织均匀化,减少涂层中的微孔和微裂纹;明显提高界面的结合强度和涂层的疏水性能与耐蚀性能.因此激光微纳烧结二次处理技术可以显著提高玻璃陶瓷涂层的综合性能.     

NiCrB电弧喷涂层的微观组织与高温氧化行为

为提高垃圾焚烧炉过热器的抗高温氧化和磨损性能,采用两种不同硼含量的NiCrB粉芯丝材,通过电弧喷涂方法在SA213-T2钢基体表面制备涂层,并对涂层的微观组织结构、高温氧化行为和显微硬度与商用NiCrTi涂层进行对比研究。结果表明:制备的NiCrB涂层呈典型的层状结构,孔隙率约为3%,氧化物含量较低,涂层的显微硬度明显高于NiCrTi涂层。NiCrB涂层在800℃下的氧化增重明显低于基体,其中B含量较低的NiCrB涂层氧化动力学曲线呈典型的抛物线形式,表面生成了连续致密的Cr_2O_3氧化膜,有效阻止了氧向涂层内部的渗透,对基材起到较好的防护作用,抗高温氧化性能略低于NiCrTi涂层。     

沉积偏压对AlCrTiN纳米复合涂层力学与抗高温氧化性能的影响

沉积偏压对涂层的结构与性能具有重要影响,为研究其对AlCrTiN纳米复合涂层成分、组织结构、力学与抗高温氧化性能的影响规律,采用磁控溅射技术,改变沉积偏压(-30、-60、-90、-120 V)制备四种AlCrTiN纳米复合涂层。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、纳米压痕仪等仪器表征涂层的组织结构、成分、力学性能和抗高温氧化性能。研究结果表明：不同偏压下制备的AlCrTiN纳米复合涂层均为NaCl型fcc-(Al,Cr,Ti)N相结构。随着沉积偏压增大,涂层由沿(111)晶面择优生长转变为无明显的择优生长取向,晶粒尺寸降低,残余应力和硬度增大。偏压为-90 V与-120 V时,涂层表面更加致密,具有更高的硬度和弹性模量。在800℃与900℃氧化1 h后,所有涂层表面均生成一层连续致密的Al₂O₃膜。随着沉积偏压增加,氧化膜厚度逐渐降低,表明抗高温氧化性能逐渐增强,这是因为高偏压下涂层组织更致密,且晶粒更细小。研究成果对AlCrTiN纳米复合涂层的综合性能提升与工程化应用具有一定指导意义。     

铱涂层的制备及性能

通过离子镀方法,在难熔金属Mo表面成功制得Ir涂层,制得的Ir涂层呈亮银白色且表面均匀,并分别采用X射线衍射及扫描电镜技术对其结构和微观形貌进行分析。结果显示:涂层均匀致密呈山丘状,无明显缺陷,Ir涂层呈多晶态,并沿(111)晶面优先生长,Ir涂层与基材结合良好,铱涂层抗氧化性能良好。     

铝表面超疏水复合涂层的制备及其表面性能

目的 通过在纯铝表面构筑超疏水涂层,优化金属铝表面,并强化其应用性能。方法 采用阳极氧化法在铝表面构筑具有纳米孔洞的Al2O3薄膜,再利用全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷修饰表面,得到超疏水复合涂层,并研究氧化电位和表面修饰时间对纳米结构的构筑及疏水性能的影响,研究超疏水复合涂层表面润湿性、防污、自清洁和抗结冰性能。结果 控制阳极氧化条件,在氧化电位为16～18V、氧化时间为1h时,得到1～2μm的“花瓣”聚集叠加成的多级粗糙结构。通过6 h的表面修饰,得到了接触角为163.6°的超疏水性复合膜层。进一步对该超疏水膜层的性能进行分析发现,经超疏水膜层修饰后铝具有优异的防污性能;相较于纯铝,经超疏水膜层修饰后铝片的电化学阻抗模值高达105?·cm2,而电流密度仅为1.81×10-9 A/cm2;在高温和低温环境下,超疏水膜层均能保持超疏水性能;经砂纸来回打磨200 cm后,膜层的接触角仍大于150°。结论 经阳极氧化纯铝得到具有多级粗糙结构的阳极氧化膜,并通过表面修饰可制备接触角高达163.6°的超疏水性复合膜层。该超疏水复合涂层具有优异的耐腐蚀性、自清洁性、耐污染性,以及良好的耐蚀性、机械稳定性和...     

基于交替碳源的微纳复合金刚石涂层拉拔模的制备及应用（英文）

基于交替碳源、采用两步法将微纳复合金刚石薄膜沉积在WC-6%Co硬质合金拉拔模的内孔基体上,其中甲烷和丙酮分别用于微米层和纳米层的沉积。此外,基于甲烷制备的单层微米金刚石和基于丙酮制备的单层纳米金刚石涂层模具分别作为对照组。金刚石涂层拉拔模具的附着力和磨损率采用内孔抛光设备进行检测。与单层金刚石涂层拉拔模具相比,复合金刚石涂层模具表现出更优异的综合性能,包括比单层纳米金刚石涂层模具更高的附着力和耐磨性,以及在相同时间抛光后比单层微米金刚石涂层(R_a=95.6 nm)模具更光滑的表面(R_a=65.3 nm)。与纳米涂层模具相比,复合金刚石涂层模具的寿命提升近20倍。     

Adhesive interlayers' effect on the entire structure strength of glass molding tools' Pt–Ir coatings by nano-tests determined

Precision glass molding is a technology for the medium to large scale production of complex optical components with high surface quality and form accuracy. However, the process is only economically viable if a long lifetime of the molding tools can be guaranteed. This can be achieved by using protective coatings on the optical surfaces of the molding tools. The most commonly used coatings for this application are based on noble metals, as they show reduced interaction with the glass during molding. The coatings must have excellent mechanical and chemical properties at high temperatures to withstand the stresses during molding and simultaneously extreme low surface roughness and defect density. The form accuracy of the molding tools is in the sub-μm range and must be maintained even after the coating deposition. Therefore, very thin films of approximately 300 nm thickness are used. High film adhesion and strength properties are necessary for preventing surface defects and coating delamination.In the described investigations, platinum (Pt)–iridium (Ir) coatings were deposited directly on cemented carbide samples by Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) process. Moreover, for improving the adhesion, different materials such as of Ni and Cr were employed as adhesive interlayers at various thicknesses. These interlayers were deposited on the substrate before the Pt–Ir film, during the same PVD process. Appropriate experimental procedures were conducted for characterizing the coatings' mechanical and adhesion properties such as nanoindentations, nano-impact and nano-scratch tests. FEM calculations simulating the films' loadings during nano-impact test explain the effect of the adhesive interlayer on the entire coating substrate structure strength.     

Ti/TiB2多层镀层的组织和性能研究

为了进一步提高超硬TiB2镀层与基体的结合力,采用磁空溅射法在高速钢表面上制备了多层相间的Ti/TiB2超硬镀层.利用多种实验方法测试和研究了镀层的组织结构,形貌,表面粗糙度,硬度和与基体的结合力.结果表明,镀层的Ti/TiB2相间层数对这些性能有很大的影响.当层数从二逐渐增加到十二,TiB2镀层的（001）织构逐渐消失而变成无择优取向,镀层表面粗糙度增加,但镀层硬度基本不变.只有当层数为十二时,镀层硬度才明显降低.结果也表明,多层镀层可有效地提高镀层与基体的结合力,并存在着一最佳的多层结合.本文也对多层结构对其它组织和性能特征的影响进行了分析.     

Improvement in load support capability of a-C(Al)-based nanocomposite coatings by multilayer architecture

Due to severe operating conditions and long lifetime requirements for mechanical components, the great challenge is to develop coatings with anti-wear and high load support capability. The designs for nanocomposite protective coatings are very promising and provide an attractive alternative to take into account the multilayer architecture. In this work, a-C(Al)-based nc-TiC/a-C(Al), nc-CrC/a-C(Al) and nc-WC/a-C(Al) nanocomposites were constructed by Cr/CrN/CrCN multilayer. The microstructure, mechanical properties, friction and wear behaviors for these multilayer coatings were systemically investigated. Results showed that the top-layered nc-TiC/a-C(Al), nc-CrC/a-C(Al) and nc-WC/a-C(Al) nanocomposites were dominated by typically nanocrystallite/amorphous microstructure, and these nanocomposites constructed by multilayer approach presented superior mechanical properties which possessed relatively high hardness, low internal stress as well as high adhesion strength. Particularly, the as-fabricated nc-TiC/a-C(Al), nc-CrC/a-C(Al) and nc-WC/a-C(Al) multilayer coatings exhibited superior anti-wear capability under relatively high applied Hertzian contact pressure compared to corresponding monolayer coatings. The improvement in friction and wear performances of as-fabricated multilayer coatings was mainly attributed to superior mechanical properties and formation of graphitized tribofilm as well as high load support capability by multilayer architecture, indicating that these coatings might be good candidates as solid lubrication materials in engineering applications.     

Long-term cyclic oxidation behavior of uncoated and coated RE108 and IN939 at 980 and 870 °C

Very long-term cyclic oxidation behavior of Re108 and In939 with and without a protective coating was evaluated at 980 and 870 °C, respectively. Re108 and In939 without a protective coating began to show a rapid weight loss at 3000 h due to scale spallation, indicating the need for an oxidation protective coating for longer than thousands of hours of oxidative life. NiAl-base coatings of a vapor phase aluminide (VPA), a pack aluminide (CODEP), and a slurry paint aluminide (SERMALOY J) were applied on Re108 and In939. The VPA and CODEP on Re108 and all three coatings on In939 showed excellent cyclic oxidation resistance out to 10,000 h. Coated alloys were annealed in an inert atmosphere to determine the loss of Al from the coating into the alloy substrate through diffusion. The Al loss from the coating through diffusion was twice as great as the Al loss through oxidation after 10,000 h of cyclic exposure. The oxidation life of VPA-coated Re108 was estimated by calculating the amount of Al initially available for protective oxidation and the amount of Al lost through oxidation and diffusion.     

Long-term high-temperature oxidation of iridium coated rhenium by electrical resistance heating method

A continuous and compact iridium (Ir) coating with a thickness of ~ 100 μm was electrodeposited on a rhenium (Re) rod in molten salt at 580 °C for 4 h. The oxidation resistance and failure mechanism of the Ir coated Re (Ir/Re) material were investigated by resistance heating method at 2000 °C in air till the Ir coating failed. The results showed that the lifetime of the Ir/Re rod oxidized at 2000 °C in air was 183 min. After high-temperature oxidation, except for the failure position, the Ir coating in most of the heated regions kept dense and exhibited excellent adhesion on the substrate, with smooth surface and large grain size. The preferred orientation of the Ir coating changed from < 220 > to < 111 > after oxidation test. From the end to the center of the as-oxidized Ir/Re sample, the Ir coating became thinner, and the diffusion layer between Ir and Re got thicker. Meanwhile, the preferential oxidation of grain boundaries of Ir coating was more and more severe. It was found that the lifetime of the Ir/Re material in high-temperature oxidizing environment is closely related to the consumption rates of Ir coating by both the direct oxidation of Ir and the diffusion of Re into Ir coating. Based on the diffusion and oxidation kinetics of Re and Ir, the lifetime of the Ir/Re sample in the present study was calculated to be 242 min. The difference between the calculated and real lifetimes can be attributed to the ignored fact that Re diffuses rapidly along the grain boundaries of Ir coating in the calculation.     

Microstructure evolution and surface characteristics of NiP and CrN composite coatings under phosphate glasses molding process

The NiP, CrN, NiP/CrN multilayer, and NiPCrN multicomponent composite coatings were fabricated by magnetron co-sputtering. Simulation of molding process on various coating systems was conducted against phosphate glass. The 50 mol.% P₂O₅-50 mol.% ZnO glass was chosen for the molding process due to its low glass transition temperature, T_g, around 400 °C and significant reaction at a high temperature. Phase evolution and surface characteristics of the coatings in the as-deposited and hot-pressed states were analyzed. Smooth surface morphology with a low roughness value below 5.0 nm was observed for the coatings under the hot pressing process. Grain growth and precipitation of the coatings were retarded under loading. Glass sticking behavior occurred in the NiP coating, while severe delamination of NiPCrN multicomponent composite coating was found. On the other hand, single layer CrN and NiP/CrN multilayer coatings showed superior surface and anti-sticking properties against phosphate glasses after the simulated molding process. The feasibility of NiP, CrN, and related composite coatings for phosphate glass molding is discussed.     

Al、Ti共掺杂CrN基镀层的结构调变和摩擦学性能

利用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射技术在高速钢基体上制备具有不同结构的CrAlTiN镀层,采用XRD、SEM等手段对镀层微观组织结构进行了分析,并测试了其力学性能和摩擦学性能。结果表明:与传统的硬质镀层CrN、TiN相比,掺杂Al和Ti元素后的四元CrAlTiN镀层,无论形成多层结构,还是共沉积复合结构,都具有良好的力学性能和低的摩擦系数以及高耐磨损性能。     

CrAlN基硬质涂层的研究进展

近年来,现代工业对材料的性能提出了日益严苛的要求,表面技术改性逐渐成为提升材料表面性能的有效手段。CrAlN涂层因其良好的力学性能和优异的抗高温氧化性能,在保护性涂层领域受到广泛关注。本文综述了近10年来CrAlN基硬质涂层的最新研究进展,包括CrAlN涂层的结构和性能、制备工艺、合金化和以CrAlN为基的纳米多层结构涂层和纳米复合结构涂层的设计和优势等,讨论了CrAlN涂层潜在的发展方向,以期推动该涂层在保护性涂层领域的发展和应用。     

Preparation of a-C:H/a-C:H:Si:O and a-C:H/a-C:H:Si multilayer coatings by PACVD

Carbon based multilayer coatings were prepared by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) using methane (CH₄) and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) or methane and tetramethylsilane (TMS) as precursors. These coatings were deposited in a modified plasma nitriding plant operated at relatively high working pressures of 20 Pa. The multilayer design consisted of a-C:H and a-C:H:Si:O or a-C:H and a-C:H:Si single layers, respectively. The number of single layers and the material of the top layer were varied at constant total coating thicknesses. These multilayer coatings were investigated with regard to their morphology and composition as well as indentation hardness, abrasive wear, lubricant free friction and wetting behavior via contact angle measurements. The multilayer coatings exhibited lower wear rates and higher hardness values than a-C:H:Si:O or a-C:H:Si single layers and lower friction coefficients than pure a-C:H coatings under unlubricated test condition. Utilizing duplex processes, combining plasma nitriding pre-treatment and a following coating deposition, the adhesion of the multilayer coatings on high speed and cold working steel substrates could be considerably improved.     

MCrAlY涂层的研究进展

随着发动机的服役温度日益升高,工作环境日益恶劣,涡轮叶片极易在高温环境中氧化,大大降低了叶片的使用寿命。如何在低成本下制备保护性能好的高温防护涂层,是当前国内外研究的重点。MCrAlY包覆涂层可分为NiCrAlY涂层、CoCrAlY涂层和NiCoCrAlY涂层,这3类涂层的抗氧化性能和抗腐蚀性能较好,又有很好的塑韧性和抗热疲劳性能,因此可作为涂层或热障涂层的黏结层材料。综述了涂层中主要元素(Al、Cr、Co、Y)、掺杂合金元素(Ta、Re、Si、Pt)、涂层制备工艺和预处理工艺对MCrAlY涂层性能的研究进展。结果表明,可以通过调节MCrAlY涂层的成分来实现涂层性能的调控。向MCrAlY涂层中掺入Si、Ta和Re等活性元素,可显著提高涂层的抗高温氧化性能,以进一步提高发动机的工作效率和满足高温的工作环境需求。总结了采用细化涂层晶粒、掺杂纳米颗粒和制备梯度复合涂层等方法来提高MCrAlY涂层的抗氧化性能和抗腐蚀性能的研究现状,对MCrAlY涂层的发展趋势进行了展望。