非对称坡面腔底无阀压电泵

提出了一种新型的非对称坡面腔底无阀压电泵,这种泵巧妙地利用了泵腔内部的空间,将泵腔底部沿吸入口和排出口方向设计成非对称坡面形状,非对称坡面腔底与压电振子之间形成非对称交替排列的一组锥形流道.当泵工作时,使流体产生单向流动,从而可以不再需要传统的锥形流管;建立了这种泵关于平均值的流阻系数与泵流量关系的力学模型,并利用该模型分析了泵的工作原理;最后制作了非对称坡面腔底无阀压电泵,利用试验证明了上述理论的正确性.试验用泵采用的工作电压为220 V,工作频率为50 Hz,压电振子有效直径为30 mm,当非对称坡面的倾角差为70°,工作介质为水时,泵产生了4.67 mm水柱的压差.     

刚柔结构仿尾鳍压电双晶片无阀泵的实验研究

利用结构的摆动振动驱动流体单向流动,和传统的利用结构的不对称性形成泵功能的无阀流体驱动原理相比,具有更易于微小型化、效率高、流动脉动小、无回流等优势,而仿尾鳍振子端部的柔性尾鳍结构是高效泵水的关键部件。首先,通过无流量的压差测量法测得了柔性尾长在2~18mm范围内压差峰值随频率的变化关系;其次,利用激光多普勒测振仪测得了摆动振子在水中的振动模态,与压差实验结果进行了对比分析,确定了压差峰值与振子振型的对应关系;最后,通过对振子的分解,讨论了柔性尾鳍与振子主体部分的耦合关系,解释了最佳工作振型在振子主体部分二阶弯振附近波动的现象。结果表明:摆动振子工作在近似无限水域中,前3阶弯振均可测得压差;柔性尾长为4mm和6mm时,压差达到最大值55mm;不同柔性尾长的摆动振子取得最大压差时的工作频率,在无柔性尾鳍振子的二阶弯振模态频率附近波动。     

无阀气体压电泵仿真分析与实验

为了提高微型泵输出流量以及获得连续出流能力,设计了一种基于合成射流原理的无阀气体压电泵。首先,分析了压电气泵的工作原理,测试了压电振子的振幅;其次,利用CFX软件对无阀气泵进行仿真分析,得到压电气泵在0T,1/4T,2/4T和3/4T时刻的气体流速分布,以及容腔高度、泵腔高度、射流孔直径和出口直径对气泵流量的影响规律;最后,制作了无阀气体压电泵的实验样机。测试结果表明,当无阀压电气泵在驱动电压为120V、驱动频率为400Hz、容腔高度为0.1mm、泵腔高度为1.4mm、射流孔直径为1.3mm和出口直径为2mm时,泵输出气体流量为1800ml/min左右,实验与仿真分析基本吻合。该气泵能输出较大气体流量并具有连续出流的能力。     

利用体块PZT制备膜片式压电微泵

利用锆钛酸铅(PZT)的逆压电效应,设计并制备了膜片式压电微泵。通过将电能转换为机械能,实现了液体的微流体控制。微泵由微驱动器与单向微阀两部分组成;微驱动器主要为液体流动提供驱动力,单向微阀则用于精确控制液体的流动方向。通过对PZT-Si膜片的位移量、位移形状的仿真分析,确定了微驱动器的设计尺寸,并估算其液体驱动性能。利用共晶键合工艺、研磨减薄工艺、硅深反应离子刻蚀工艺和准分子激光加工工艺等制备出了微驱动器和单向微阀。最后,设计了驱动测试实验,检测了微泵的液体驱动性能。测试结果表明:所制备的膜片式压电微泵驱动的谐振频率约为70kHz,能驱动微米量级的液体位移或运动。当微泵驱动电压为30Vp-p、频率为600Hz时,液体的驱动流速约为65μL/min。该微泵具有体积小,线性度好等特点。     

压电叠堆泵驱动的新型直线马达

提出一种利用压电叠堆泵驱动的新型直线马达(简称压电液压马达),介绍了其系统构成及工作原理,并进行了理论及试验研究.理论分析结果表明,压电液压马达的性能是由压电振子/泵腔/截止阀/液压缸的结构尺寸、负载及工作频率等多种要素共同决定的,只有当相关要素合理配置时才能实现压电液压马达的预期功能.在其他参数确定的情况下,当负载为其最大驱动力的二分之一时输出功率和能量最大.利用尺寸为4 mm×4 mm×80 mm的压电叠堆制作了腔体直径为30 mm的压电泵,并对其直接输送流体及驱动液压缸时的流量、压力及功率等性能进行了测试与对比分析.结果表明,采用直径为15 mm的液压缸时,压电液压马达的最大速度、推力及功率分别为12.5 mm/s、32 N和93 mW.     

螺旋线形阀压电泵的理论与试验研究*

有阀压电泵在精细化工、MEMS、生物医学工程等领域具有重大应用前景。为了克服有阀压电泵结构复杂、跟从与截止性差、成本高等缺点,设计一种异形拟悬臂梁结构的螺旋线形弹性固支阀,其螺旋臂长是简单悬臂梁阀的数倍,工作时开启度大,且因其螺旋线形弹性结构,阀体不仅可以上下回位,左右也具有对中功能,并把这种阀安装在有阀压电泵的泵腔内形成螺旋线形阀压电泵。在深入分析有阀压电泵优缺点的基础上分析螺旋线形阀压电泵的工作原理,依照泵内部能量传递的路径建立压电驱动(电压、频率)为输入与泵流动(流量、压差)为输出之间的关系式,加工试验样机,并进行性能测试试验,螺旋线形阀压电泵具有泵功能,证明了其有效性和理论分析的正确性。试验结果表明：随着驱动电压的增大,泵的输出流量和压差呈上升趋势,这个结果与Matlab数值仿真计算结果趋势一致。在电压为220 V、频率为30 Hz时,得到仿真流量41.26 mL/min,实际试验流量为10.2 mL/min,误差75.3%;在电压为220 V、频率为20 Hz时,得到仿真流量27.51 mL/min,实际试验流量为22.8 mL/min,误差17.2%。     

压电振子及流体对泵近场噪声的影响

研究了压电振子的弯曲振动形变及振动辐射噪声.首先建立压电泵压电振子振动方程,导出弯曲振动形变函数;提出用微平面活塞振动理论简化压电振子振动模型,推导了近场声压理论计算方程及泵内流体对泵噪声贡献量方程;最后把理论计算结果与试验结果进行比较分析,分别得出在不同频率下压电振子及泵内流体对泵噪声贡献的大小.在输入频率为50 Hz时,泵噪声的理论值为45 dB,实际值为37 dB,泵内流体对泵噪声的影响较大,实际值与理论值的相对误差为21.6%;在输入频率为120 Hz时,泵噪声的理论值为61 dB,实际值为62 dB,泵内流体对泵噪声的影响较小,实际值与理论值的相对误差为1.6%,证明了本研究所提出理论的正确性.     

四腔并联压电泵结构设计

为提高压电泵的输出性能,设计了一种层叠型四腔并联有阀压电泵。在80 V正弦交流电驱动下,40~400 Hz工作频率内,以水和空气作为介质,分别选用不同数量的压电振子进行驱动,在不同的驱动方式(指振子间工作时的相位差)下对泵的输出性能进行试验测试。结果显示,当泵送空气时,不管多少个振子进行驱动,驱动方式对泵的输出流量几乎不产生任何影响,在测试频率范围内,输出流量随频率成线性变化,最大输出气体流量可达3600 mL/min;当泵送液体时,驱动方式对泵的输出流量影响很大,当同侧的压电振子为异步驱动时,输出流量的效果更好,在工作频率180 Hz时,最大输出液体流量可达830 mL/min。试验结果为多振子驱动压电泵选择合适的振子间驱动方式提供了参考依据。     

行波微泵驱动参数对驱动效果的影响

提出一种新型的无阀机械微泵,它依靠微泵管道顶部铺设的压电薄膜阵列产生的超声行波来驱动微管道中的流体。根据超声行波驱动微流体的原理对微泵进行ANSYS有限元建模和CFX流固耦合计算,得到了选定模态下内边长为200μm的方形微泵管道中流体的动力黏度与微泵驱动能力的关系,以及驱动电压幅值和频率对管口流速的影响曲线。结果表明：驱动电压的幅值大小与管口流速成正比,且当驱动频率等于共振频率时驱动效果最明显;当流体动力黏度小于0.001Pa·s时微流体流速随黏度增大而线性增大,之后则缓慢减小。此外,通过CFX后处理得到了微管道中的截面流速矢量图,由矢量图可以看出,在行波驱动作用显著的部分流速分布呈现自微管顶部向下逐渐减慢的特点,而在行波驱动作用极微弱的部分则流速分布近似呈抛物线形状。     

半球缺阻流体无阀压电泵的实验验证

设计了一套压电双晶片作为激励源的半球缺阻流体无阀压电泵。分析了该压电泵的结构及工作原理,并采用有限元软件对其内部流场进行模拟分析。仿真结果表明:该泵存在正反向流阻不等特性,半球缺阻可以作为泵的无运动部件阀。最后,实际制作了半球缺无阀压电样泵和多组半径不等的半球缺,并进行了泵的流阻及流量实验。实验结果表明:该泵正反向流时间差随入口压强增大而减小;当驱动电压为150V,频率为17Hz,半球缺半径为4.0mm时,泵的输出流量达到最大,其值为121.4ml/min;同时,该泵单位时间内的输出流量随半球缺半径增大而呈递减的变化趋势,而且半球缺的半径大小对该类无阀压电泵的工作效能有较大的影响。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.