虚拟窗口阴影去除算法的车流量检测研究

针对城市道路交通流量检测中的实时性和准确性的要求,在背景差分的基础上提出了一种改进的基于虚拟窗口检测的方法。通过获取前景目标尽量少的帧图像,快速建立虚拟窗口的初始背景模型,并实时更新背景;将Sobel边缘检测算法引入前景目标检测,从而快速检测出前景目标变化的完整区域,提高检测的准确率;再使用基于HSV色彩空间直方图势函数去除阴影算法,进一步去除前景目标中的阴影区域,有效地保留了真实的运动目标区域;最后统计交通车流量,可结合其他信息(如红绿灯状态)做出该路段相应的交通流状况判断。通过实验结果证明,所提出的检测算法可有效应用于视频交通车流量检测中。     

混合交通流中的自行车识别及参数提取*

为了提取高密度混合交通流下的自行车交通参数,建立基于视频的交通检测系统,改进了卡尔曼自适应背景模型,提出了基于决策树的自行车群识别方法和基于面积阈值的车辆计数方法。对实际场景拍摄的视频处理得到了混合交通流分类、计数结果和速度密度关系。结果表明,该方法不但能有效地检测、跟踪、识别高密度混合交通流下的自行车目标,而且达到了为自行车模型研究获取合理的交通流密度、速度等相关交通参数的目的。     

基于粒子滤波算法的高速公路车辆停车检测

提出了一种基于粒子滤波视频跟踪算法的停车事件检测方法,实现了对高速公路交通视频的自动监控。首先用混合差分技术,快速提取出视频中的车辆对象;并用粒子滤波算法实现了运动车辆的跟踪;进而通过对车辆运动的数学建模,对停车事件进行了自动检测。最后,对多组高速公路交通视频进行测试,结果表明：提出的检测方法比其他常用方法响应速度更快,且具有较高的检测准确率和鲁棒性。     

交通运动目标检测、跟踪及轨迹生成研究

提出一种基于视频的车辆检测,跟踪和轨迹生成算法.该算法由改进的车辆检测方法,快速跟踪算法和新的车辆轨迹生成算法3部分组成.基于区域和车辆间的相互关系,在视频序列中,车辆被视为可自主运动团块.在对该团块实现有效跟踪及获取运动轨迹的基础上,运用相关的数学手段可获得团块其它运动信息.在高速公路上的实验结果表明,该车辆检测,跟踪算法切实可行,轨迹生成技术可用于交通流检测.     

一种改进的自动化高速公路交通流速度控制器设计

在自动化高速公路的环境下, 针对一种基于非线性积分器Backstepping方法的交通流密度控制器, 本文提出一种改进的交通流速度控制器设计方法, 选取交通流速度为被控变量, 并采用Backstepping方法进行控制器的设计, 保证使每个路段的交通流速度以指数形式快速收敛到期望值. 与已有的方法相比较, 该控制器极大地提高了算法效率, 而且无需矩阵的逆运算, 可以自动满足系统的可控性条件. 仿真结果显示该控制器可以有效地减少道路拥塞, 有助于在拥堵的高速公路上实现平滑的交通流.     

最小二乘支持向量机交通事件检测算法

根据高速公路有事件发生时交通流将产生突变这一原理,采用最小二乘支持向量机研究高速公路事件检测问题。阐述了最小二乘支持向量机分类算法,设计了事件检测系统结构,分析了交通事件对交通流的影响规律,并合理地选取了最小二乘支持向量机的输入量。仿真实验表明,最小二乘支持向量机事件检测算法具有检测准确率高、学习速度快等优点,具有良好的应用前景。     

基于稀疏帧检测的交通目标跟踪

为了获取高速公路交通视频中目标车辆的行驶轨迹,提出一种基于视频的多目标车辆跟踪及实时轨迹分布算法,为交通管理系统和交通决策提供目标车辆交通信息.首先,使用YOLOv4算法检测目标车辆位置及置信度.其次,在不同场景条件下,使用提出的基于稀疏帧检测的跟踪方法,结合KCF跟踪算法,将车辆数据进行关联获取完整轨迹.最后,用车辆分布图和交通场景俯视图显示轨迹,便于交通管理与分析.实验结果表明,提出的跟踪方法在车辆跟踪中有较高的跟踪正确率,同时基于稀疏帧检测的跟踪方法处理速度也较快,实时轨迹分布正确反映了真实场景的车道信息以及目标车辆运动信息.     

交通信息采集系统中的行人检测算法

根据高速公路行人运动的先验知识,设计了一种基于视频检测技术的高速公路行人检测算法.该算法采用背景帧差分法获取运动目标区域,采用跟踪链实现运动目标跟踪,根据行人运动的先验知识在运动目标中检测行人.算法已嵌入到交通信息采集系统中,在高速公路上进行的现场测试结果表明,算法具有较好的实时性和实效性.     

基于支持向量机的高速公路事件检测

提出用支持向量机分类方法研究高速公路事件检测问题。阐述了支持向量机分类算法,根据交通事件对交通流参数的影响规律选择了支持向量机的输入量,用高速公路管理处提供的样本数据进行了仿真研究。仿真实验表明,支持向量机事件检测算法具有检测准确率高、训练时间短、泛化能力好等优点,它为事件检测提供了一种切实可行的新思路。     

基于人工免疫分类器的高速公路事件检测

采用一种有限资源人工免疫分类器研究高速公路事件检测问题.阐述了人工免疫识别系统(AIRS)的算法,然后分析了高速公路事件对交通流的影响,并选取多个时刻的上游流量、上游占有率和下游流量、下游占有率作为AIRS的输入量,最后用高速公路管理部门提供的样本数据进行了仿真实验.实验结果表明,人工免疫分类器具有很快的学习速度和较高的分类精度,它为高速公路事件检测提供了一种切实可行的新途径.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。