饱和度对准饱和土体中瑞利波传播特性的影响

将水-气等价为一种均匀的流体,可以采用两相孔隙介质理论来模拟准饱和土,基于Bardet根据Biot饱和多孔连续介质的波动方程提出的准饱和土的波动方程,建立了半空间表面透水和不透水两种情况下准饱和土体中瑞利波的频率特征方程,绘制了不同饱和度的瑞利波速与剪切波速的比值及瑞利波速的实部随无量纲频率的变化曲线,固体土骨架和孔隙流体的归一化竖向位移和水平位移(准饱和土体某一深度的位移与饱和土体表面处的位移的比值)随归一化深度(深度与瑞利波波长的比值)的变化曲线,通过比较这些曲线发现饱和度对准饱和土体瑞利波的传播特性的影响很明显,瑞利波速与剪切波速的比值及瑞利波速的实部随着饱和度的增大而增大,而归一化位移则随着饱和度的增大而减小,但饱和度从95%增大到99%时它们增大或减小的幅值要小于饱和度从99%增大到100%时的情况,这为瑞利波的传播规律研究和现场测试与数据分析提供了理论依据.     

弯曲波对钢轨振动特性测试的影响研究

针对钢轨弯曲波的传播及弯曲波反射后对钢轨振动特性测试的影响,对钢轨的弯曲波波速进行了理论推导,并设计了弯曲波波速测试试验,对弯曲波传播波速及其反射波的波速等特性进行了试验验证,同时就钢轨弯曲波对振动特性测试的影响及其解决措施进行了研究.结果表明:钢轨弯曲波的波速不是常数,而是频率的函数,弯曲波的不同频率分量以不同的波速...     

基于地脉动谱比法的场地特征参数快速测定

通过37个场地的地脉动单点三分量观测,研究了地脉动单点谱比卓越频率与场地覆盖层厚度、不同深度等效剪切波速以及特征周期等场地特征参数之间的相关性;通过不同区域相关关系以及地震动谱比研究结果的对比,探讨了利用地脉动单点谱比法快速测定场地特征参数的可行性和精度。结果表明:地脉动H/V谱比卓越周期与场地覆盖层厚度存在明显相关性,利用地脉动单点谱比法快速测定场地覆盖层厚度,在1~2 Hz频带区间内不同地区相对误差小于15%,在这一区间外相对误差有所增大;地脉动H/V谱比卓越周期与覆盖层等效特征周期T_s大体一致;地脉动H/V谱比卓越周期大于0.5 s时,场地的等效剪切波速V_(s20)和V_(s30)以及等效周期T_(s20)和T_(s30)变化不大,平均分别为200 m/s,250m/s,0.8 s和0.6 s。     

基于地脉动单点谱比的场地特征参数测定方法适用性研究

通过克拉玛依、浙江46个场地的地脉动单点三分向记录和两次地震的强震记录,对比了戈壁荒漠地区地脉动与地震动的H/V谱比,分析了地脉动H/V谱比卓越频率与覆盖层厚度、不同深度等效剪切波速以及特征周期之间的相关性,研究了基于地脉动单点谱比的场地特征参数测定方法在戈壁荒漠等覆盖层较薄以及东部沿海等覆盖层较厚地区的适用性,对该方法的高频、低频部分进行修正,扩展了适用频带范围。结果表明,在戈壁砂砾地区,地震动与地脉动H/V谱比的卓越频率具有很高的一致性;基于地脉动单点谱比的场地特征参数测定方法在计算场地覆盖层厚度、覆盖层等效周期时,对于东部沿海等深厚覆盖层场地会低估,对于戈壁荒漠等浅覆盖层场地会高估;对该方法修正后,适用频带范围扩展到了0.58～12.5 Hz,计算的场地覆盖层厚度、覆盖层等效周期与实测值的平均相对误差提高到了22%和27%;在0.58～12.5 Hz频带,场地V_(s20)、V_(s30)、T_(s20)、T_(s30)、T_s与地脉动卓越频率也体现出了明显的相关性,V_(s30),T_(s30)与地脉动卓越频率的相关性要大于V_(s20),T_(s20)。     

厦门本岛近地表三维速度结构建模研究

搜集整理了厦门本岛202个钻孔资料,分析、总结了工程场地剪切波速度结构的空间相关性和带状异向性特征。在此基础上,发展了一套先通过不规则三角网(TIN)法和克里格法划分出不同土层的分界面,建立场地三维工程地质模型,再基于克里格方法对土层内部剪切波速进行空间预测,最后整合各土层剪切波速度结构的建模方法。通过建立厦门岛近地表三维速度结构模型,对方法可行性和精度进行了检验。结果表明,建立的模型,能够很好反映出厦门岛工程场地同一土层内的剪切波速变化规律及不同土层剪切波速的带状异向性。     

视波速确定方法与行波效应研究

通过对地震波在单一土层和不同土层之间传播规律的研究,提出基于岩土层剪切波速的视波速计算方法,并给出多土层视波速简化计算公式,便于工程应用。对于均质土层,地面某点的视波速仅与该点震源深度、震中距和土层的剪切波速有关,视波速恒大于剪切波速。采用结构中点的视波速取代根据其两端点得到的视波速,可以避免结构各方向长度不同的影响,计算简便,误差可以忽略不计。在震源深度范围内,地壳厚度通常远大于覆盖层厚度,多土层的等效剪切波速与震源所在岩层剪切波速较为接近,场地类别对视波速的影响较小。算例结果表明,文中给出的多土层视波速简化计算方法,与视波速方程数值解的误差一般在5%以内。根据95%构件内力影响系数的最大值确定地震行波效应的放大系数,可以避免由于构件内力过小引起行波效应异常增大。厦门新机场分析结果表明,考虑多点激励地震效应后,航站楼结构底部总剪力变化很小;虽然框架柱、支承屋盖钢管柱和大跨度屋盖杆件内力的平均值减小,但部分构件内力可增大约5%~10%。     

环形沟槽几何参数对隔振区域影响的试验研究

为了研究环形沟槽深度、宽度及其振源距离等几何参数对隔振区域的影响,通过进行环形沟槽隔振的室外试验,绘制振幅降低比的等值线图,以振幅降低比不大于0.35的区域作为有效隔振区域的评价指标,将上述几何参数对有效隔振区域的影响进行分析。结果表明:环形沟槽的深度、宽度、振源距离及其圆心角均会对有效隔振区域产生不同程度的影响。沟槽深度与瑞利波波长的比值为0.54～0.77、沟槽宽度与瑞利波波长的比值为0.23～0.33、振源距离与瑞利波波长的比值为1.18～1.52时,环形沟槽可以取得良好的有效隔振区域面积;在该试验条件下继续增大各参数的比值对增大有效隔振区域无益。环形沟槽圆心角是影响有效隔振区域面积的重要因素,增大圆心角可显著增大有效隔振区域的面积;沟槽圆心角为90°时,隔振区域内将形成不连续的有效隔振区域;沟槽圆心角选取与频率有关,达到同等大小的有效隔振区域,沟槽圆心角随频率的减小而增大。     

考虑频率参数协调的频率相关等效线性化方法

基于土动力试验呈现出的土体动参数频率相关特性,结合一维等效线性化理论,建立了能够考虑动三轴或共振柱测试频率Rf和波速测试频率f（v_s）相协调的频率相关等效线性化方法。首先,基于国内外不同学者的试验结果,回归建立了土体剪切模量-频率和阻尼比-频率关系式,推导得到了规准化频率相关土体剪切模量比和阻尼比随剪应变变化关系式;其次,对频率无关等效线性化方法进行了改进,传递函数采用频率相关的剪切模量和阻尼比,建立了频率相关的等效线性化方法;最后,采用频率相关和频率无关等效线性化方法,分别对单层覆盖层均质线性场地和单层覆盖层非线性场地进行了不同工况下的土层地震反应分析计算,计算结果表明:1）试验室土动力性能参数测试频率Rf对地震响应影响较大,波速测试频率f（v_s）影响较小;2）采用动三轴试验给出的土动参数,频率相关方法得到的结果略低于频率无关方法结果。采用共振柱试验给出的土动参数,频率相关方法得到的结果大幅高于频率无关方法结果。     

利用瑞利波检测层状混凝土结构的材料特性

为获得层状混凝土结构的材料特性,利用瑞利波在半无限大混凝土和层状混凝土中的传播规律,分别建立两种模型中瑞利波传播的波速方程。基于获得的层状混凝土结构中瑞利波的波速方程,提出一种从实测波速来推定混凝土材料特性的反演方法。通过数值计算获得两种模型中波速和混凝土弹性模量的关系曲线,理论计算结果与实验结果基本一致。研究结果表明:由于混凝土层的相互作用,结构中存在多个瑞利波振动模态以及相应的波速,同时波速和上层混凝土弹性模量之间存在对应关系。建立的研究方法和计算结果可直接应用于实际混凝土的瑞利波检测。     

土层参数随机性对高速铁路周围场地土振动传递的影响EI北大核心CSCD

为探究场地土层参数随机分布对高速铁路周围场地土振动传递的影响,分别考虑了土层剪切波速、材料阻尼比以及二者双随机变量下的3种场地土参数随机分布,并基于Toro统计模型采用Monte Carlo方法分别模拟200组工况,输入建立的高速列车-轨道-场地土耦合系统模型中计算高速列车经过时场地土表面的振动响应。并将随机振动响应1/3倍频程振级、Z振级及其95%置信水平的置信区间与确定性土参数的振动响应进行比较,探究土参数随机性对高速铁路周围场地土振动传递的影响,进而采用随机振动响应标准差进行土参数随机分布的敏感性分析。研究结果表明:土参数随机性对高速铁路周围场地土振动传递的影响较大,剪切波波速单随机变量对场地土振动响应各频带1/3振级均有较大影响,材料阻尼比单随机变量对场地土振动响应的低频影响较小,高频影响较大。铁路交通环境振动评估及预测时建议考虑土层参数随机分布对其产生的影响。     

Analysis for vertical velocity of seismic waves

Abstract

Presented here are the results of seismic wave velocities analyzed using the acceleration time‐histories recorded at the downhole strong motion array of the Lotung large scale seismic test site during the May 20, 1986 Hualien earthquake. The spectral ratios between the surface and downhole accelerograms were used to identify the frequencies of maximum amplification of soil layers, and an elastic 1‐D wave propagation model was proposed to estimate the wave velocities of the ground during the earthquake. The results obtained indicate that significant reduction of shear wave velocity as well as soil modulus was induced by earthquake excitation as compared to the values obtained from low strain level soil testings.     

利用短周期地脉动推断深层地基S波速度

从二维随机波场的相关理论出发，提出了如何从短周期地脉动（频率＞０．５Ｈｚ）时域信号中计算Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ波弥散曲线，进而反演深层地基剪切波（Ｓ波）速度的理论方法和分析技术，并结合实测信号的分析结果，探讨了该方法的可行性和实用性。     

智能桁架机电耦合动力分析与振动控制

把作为主动杆全部或部分的压电陶瓷作动／检测元件视为多层迭合体，从机电耦合弹性理论出发，利用Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理建立了智能桁架结构机电耦合有限元动力分析模型，可用于机械／电载荷共同作用下的结构静／动力分析和振动控制系统设计。同时给出了元件的作动／检测方程，并以压电作动元件输入电压作为控制量，利用结构状态空间方程进行振动系统最优反馈控制律设计。算例表明该分析方法是可行的。     

Theoretical study on SAW characteristics of layered structuresincluding a diamond layer

Diamond has the highest surface acoustic wave (SAW) velocity among all materials and thus can provide much advantage for fabrication of high frequency SAW devices when it is combined with a piezoelectric thin film. Basic SAW properties of layered structures consisting of a piezoelectric material layer, a diamond layer and a substrate were examined by theoretical calculation. Rayleigh mode SAW's with large SAW velocities up to 12,000 m/s and large electro-mechanical coupling coefficients from 1 to 11% were found to propagate in ZnO/diamond/Si, LiNbO₃/diamond/Si and LiTaO₃/diamond/Si structures. It was also found that a SiO₂/ZnO/diamond/Si structure can realize a zero temperature coefficient of frequency with a high phase velocity of 8,000-9,000 m/s and a large electro-mechanical coupling coefficient of up to 4%     

Longitudinal critical angle singularities and their effect on V(Z)of the line-focus-beam acoustic microscope

In order to investigate a mechanism which causes a velocity difference between the longitudinal wave and leaky surface skimming compressional wave (LSSCW) observed in a line-focus-beam acoustic microscope, the analytic property of an acoustic reflection coefficient and its effect on a V(z) analysis were studied. A pole hidden in the unphysical Riemann sheet close to the longitudinal branch point is found to be responsible for the abrupt phase change at the longitudinal critical angle. This, together with an effect of a dominant Rayleigh wave pole, affects the V(z) measurement of the LSSCW. A method to estimate the longitudinal and shear wave velocities is discussed     

On dispersion relations of Rayleigh waves in a functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) half-space

For propagation of Rayleigh surface waves in a transversely isotropic graded piezoelectric half-space with material properties varying continuously along depth direction, the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) technique is employed for the asymptotic analytical derivations. The phase velocity equations for both the electrically open and shorted cases at the free surface are obtained. Influences of piezoelectric material parameters graded variations on Rayleigh wave dispersion relations, particles’ displacements magnitude and corresponding decay properties are discussed. Results obtained indicate that coupled Rayleigh waves can propagate at the surface of the graded piezoelectric half-space, and their dispersion relations and the particles displacements ellipticity at the free surface are dependent upon the graded variation tendency of the material parameters. By the Rayleigh surface waves phase velocities relative changing values combined with the relationship between the wave number and the material graded coefficient, a theoretical foundation can be provided for the graded material characterization by experimental measurement.     

P1波在非饱和土地基表面的反射特性

非饱和土是地表天然土体中最常见的一种形式。与饱和土不同,非饱和土内可传播四种体波:一种剪切波(S波)和三种压缩波(P1波、P2波、P3波)。其中P1传播特性与饱和土中的快压缩波相似:传播速度最快,且衰减系数最低。因此,该文运用非饱和孔隙介质理论阐述了弹性波在非饱和土中的传播特性,分析了平面P1波在非饱和土介质自由边界上的反射问题。根据边界条件,分别导出了在非饱和土自由边界上的四种反射波:反射P1波、反射P2波、反射P3波及反射S波的振幅反射系数及能量反射系数的理论表达式,并且在此基础上进行了数值计算。算例中讨论了四种反射波的振幅反射系数及能量反射系数受P1波入射角及地基土体饱和度变化的影响情况。结果表明:各反射波的振幅反射系数及能量反射系数不仅与入射角有关,也受到饱和度变化的影响。这些结论对土动力学的理论研究以及工程地震勘探具有一定指导意义。     

Growth of A1N piezoelectric film on diamond for high-frequency surface acoustic wave devices

Diamond films are very desirable for application to SAW devices because of their high acoustic wave velocity, which allows the extending of the frequency limit of operation at a given interdigital transducer line-width resolution. Use of high-quality AIN as the piezoelectric layer in conjunction with diamond is also desirable because of its high SAW velocity--the highest among all piezoelectric materials--together with its excellent electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. The problems arising in the growth of A1N films on diamond have prevented, until now, the use of this combination of materials. In this paper we present recent results on the growth of highly oriented, low-stressed A1N films on diamond. SAW propagation on A1N/diamond has been theoretically investigated together with electromechanical coupling for both the Rayleigh and the Sezawa modes. The theoretical calculations show that high SAW velocities are achievable with good coupling efficiencies. Under proper conditions very large piezoelectric couplings are predicted--k2 = 2.2 and 4% for the Rayleigh and the Sezawa wave, respectively--comparable to those observed in strongly piezoelectric single crystals such as LiNbO3, but with SAW velocities approximately two-fold higher. Experiments performed on A1N/diamond/Si SAW test devices have shown good agreement between experimental results and theoretical predictions and demonstrate the feasibility of SAW devices based on this technology.     

瑞利波作用下成层地基中单桩横向振动分析

采用文克勒地基梁模型建立了成层地基中桩土相互作用的粘弹性模型,并利用现有的成层地基中的瑞利波弥散曲线解析解,通过解析法建立了瑞利波作用下多层介质中的桩体横向位移计算公式。在此基础上通过计算实例分析发现,无量纲频率α0、桩土相对刚度比Ep/Es、桩顶约束条件是影响桩体横向位移变化规律的主要因素,随着无量纲频率、桩土相对刚度比的增大,桩土分离的现象逐渐变得显著,桩顶约束的出现也会引起相同的结果。