考虑多源供能波动性的企业生产运作与能源计划耦合优化

多源供能是提高清洁能源占比,助力制造企业绿色低碳转型的有效方式。然而受季节、天气等因素影响,可再生能源出力存在波动性,影响能源系统供应的稳定性。针对该问题,构建了企业生产运作与能源计划耦合优化的不确定整数规划模型,利用区间数描述能源出力的不确定信息。同时通过设计多种群融合策略、外部档案更新策略,提出了多目标混合鲸鱼群算法,有效地利用各个算法的寻优特性,提升整体性能,获得更优的Pareto解集。最后通过算法性能和能源策略对比实验,证明了所构建模型及求解方法的可行性和有效性。同时验证了所设计算法对求解不确定优化模型的优势和竞争力,以及多源供能模式能够有效帮助企业实现节能减排、可持续生产目标。     

电–气互联系统的气电解耦分布式多目标优化调度

本文基于能源互联网背景建立了一种计及供能成本、碳排放量和净负荷曲线平滑度的电–气互联系统多目标优化模型,并采用线性化方法将非线性优化模型转化为混合整数线性规划模型.同时,为了求解该模型,实现各能源的协同互补利用,提高能源的利用率,本文在保障各能源网络分散自治权的基础上提出一种基于气电解耦的分布式多目标优化算法,以气电解耦优化的方式实现电、气系统的分散自治.所提算法将原系统的多目标优化问题分解为电网和气网的子优化问题,并采用独立的优化器完成子问题的求解.电网和气网仅需交换少量边界变量以及虚拟目标因子分别进行全局调整即可获得多目标解.最后,本文根据修改的IEEE 39节点电力网络和比利时20节点天然气网络搭建模型并进行仿真分析,结果验证:所提算法能够完成电–气互联系统的气电解耦并实现多目标并行求解,从而提高系统信息私密性、实现各能源网络的分散自治.     

多可再生能源冷热电联供微网系统环境经济优化调度

针对含多种可再生能源的冷热电联供微网系统调度优化问题,提出微网系统最小运行费用和二氧化碳排放的多目标调度优化模型,并结合启发式调度规则,采用改进多目标交叉熵算法获取Pareto最优解集.为了提高算法的收敛速度和求解精度,依据重要抽样理论将多目标优化定义为小概率事件,并引入样本分段生成策略和参数更新机制.算例仿真表明,所提出的多目标模型及其优化算法能够使微网系统获取较好的经济和环境效益,满足用户多样性的优化需求.     

基于混合潮流算法的多能源互补调度仿真研究

充分考虑综合能源系统受外部能源供应条件以及能源设备的影响,为了降低多能源耦合潮流计算复杂度,提升工程应用的可操作性,提出基于混合潮流算法的多能源互补调度仿真.依据经济指标、安全可靠性指标以及清洁性指标建立多能源互补调度优化模型,设定能量转换枢纽单元输出容量约束、能量转换枢纽单元多能流耦合约束、供能平衡约束、设备运行约束四项约束条件,利用多目标最优混合潮流计算平台基于非劣排序遗传算法求解多能源互补调度优化模型,利用所输出最优解实现混合潮流算法的多能源互补调度.仿真分析结果表明,该方法可实现综合能源系统的多能源互补调度,经济性以及静态安全性提升幅度明显.     

能源互联网环境下电力系统配电网智能规划模型

针对江苏地区能源互联网环境下因广泛使用小规模分布式电源(DG)而引起的配电网电压波动大、网络损耗严重的问题,通过以网络损耗、DG投资综合费用及电压偏差率为目标函数,采用自适应惯性权重和随机差分变异改进鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)对目标函数进行求解,提出一种面向多元客户侧可调负荷的集群控制策略,并在IEEE33系统上进行了验证。仿真结果表明,所提的改进WOA规划模型,可实现对能源互联网环境下对多元客户侧可调负荷的集群控制,有效减少配电网的网络损耗,维持配电网电压平稳,降低DG投资综合费用。相较于遗传算法(GA)和粒子群优化算法(PSO),具有一定的有效性和优越性。     

考虑能量梯级高效利用的多微网综合能源系统优化调度策略

围绕“碳达峰”“碳中和”双碳目标的工作正在逐渐实施。综合能源微网增加,将形成微网集群,即多微网综合能源系统。多微网综合能源系统相较于单一综合能源微网可大幅度改善用能成本。如何进一步提高整体的能源利用效率仍然是研究的一个关键点。针对含电能交互且考虑能量梯级高效利用的多微网综合能源系统,本文建立了优化调度模型。首先,对多微网综合能源系统的架构以及能质系数法进行了详述,并详细比对了■效率计算方法与热效率计算方法的不同之处。随后,构建了考虑能量梯级高效利用以经济性和■效率为目标的多微网综合能源系统优化调度模型,采用Matalb和Yalmip进行最优化建模,并采用Gurobi求解器进行求解,有效避免了启发式算法计算时间过长的问题。通过算例分析论证了所提方案的合理性和有效性,不仅大幅提高了能源效率,同时也保证了较高的经济性,使得多微网综合能源系统的运行更加符合双碳目标的要求。     

基于灰狼算法冷热电联供综合能源优化调度

对于冷、热、电联供综合能源系统优化问题,为了提高可再生能源利用率,故以弃风、弃光量最小和综合能源系统运行经济性为优化目标,建立了含风机、光机、燃气轮机、燃气锅炉等综合能源优化模型.模型的求解使用的改进多目标灰狼算法,得到Pareto解集.针对综合能源系统的约束较多、灰狼算法种群多样性少、容易陷入局部最优等方面,对算法进...     

基于分层多目标优化算法的无线网络规划

为满足时分-同步码分多址(TD-SCDMA)网络规划性价比最优化的需求,设计网络规划分层优化模型,该模型能很好地解决覆盖和容量的关系。为求解该模型,提出分层多目标优化算法,该算法能根据实际规划区域决定目标函数的优先层次,满足TD-SCDMA网络规划的目标和要求,并可在给定条件下实现基站布局最优。     

考虑碳排放和综合需求响应的电-气联合运行决策博弈

考虑到当前向国际社会承诺的“碳达峰,碳中和”目标,针对电-气联合运行中多方利益的诉求,运用动态主从博弈理论,在考虑碳排放和综合需求响应的情况下,建立以供电公司为主体,家庭负荷聚合集群为从体的博弈模型.通过家庭负荷聚合的多能联合负荷特性和价格需求响应的不确定性,得到博弈双方支付函数.考虑能源结构的碳排放折算,以供能方收益最大,需求侧支付费用最低为目标,建立主从博弈模型.主方以价格为策略集,从方以需求响应为策略集,通过最优反应函数结合非支配排序遗传算法求解并筛选主从博弈均衡解.通过算例仿真验证,所提出模型可实现主体和从体各方的社会效益与经济效益最优化,为能源互联下的市场决策优化运行提供参考.     

多层服务器集群容量规划启发方法研究

本文研究了多层服务器集群系统的容量规划问题,提出以吞吐优化为目标的增量式服务器资源配置算法SHISA.该方法基于闭环排队网络模型求解系统的稳态性能指标,利用请求队列长度、资源利用率及有效响应时间等启发信息指导服务器的增量配置过程.对不同启发信息下算法的求解能力进行了敏感性分析.     

基于多代理辅助多目标进化优化的建筑节能智能设计方法

进化优化具有优异的全局搜索能力,已成功应用于建筑节能设计问题.然而,由于需要借助代价高昂的建筑能耗软件不断评价个体,现有建筑节能设计进化算法普遍存在运行代价高的问题.鉴于此,提出一种面向建筑节能设计的多代理辅助多目标进化优化算法,简称MS-MOEA/D.首先,依据MOEA/D的目标分解特征同时构建多个基础代理模型;然后,针对每个待评估个体,自动选择合适的基础代理模型,并使用它们的集成结果预测该个体的目标值,达到提高其预测精度的目的.同时,在进化过程中自主确定基础代理模型的更新时机和规模,以降低代理模型的管理成本;最后,将所提出MS-MOEA/D与建筑能耗模拟软件EnergyPlus相融合,建立面向建筑节能设计的多目标进化优化仿真平台,并将该平台应用于中国北京地区常见居民和办公建筑节能设计实例中.通过与7种典型多目标进化算法进行对比,结果表明, MS-MOEA/D在显著降低计算代价的基础上能够得到高竞争力的Pareto最优解集.     

利用改进ILP和二进制穷举择优法的低成本物联网流量多目标路由感知方法

针对无线网络不能为多样化应用需求提供支持及卸载移动通信核心成本较高的问题,提出了一种改进整数线性规划模型(IILP)结合二进制穷举择优法的低成本混合物联网流量多目标路由感知方法。首先,基于IILP对混合物联网流量路由感知进行建模,获得准确的能量感知模型;其次,采用多目标MAXI路由感知算法对多目标路由感知模型进行了求解,降低了流量路由求解的延时;最后,采用二进制穷举择优法对流量路由感知的吞吐量进行扩展。仿真实验表明,与现有算法相比,提出方法降低了求解的延时,提高了流量的吞吐量,减少了流量的丢包率,同时还降低了混合物联网多目标路由感知的成本。     

Goal programming approach to solving network design problem with multiple objectives and demand uncertainty

The transportation network design problem (NDP) with multiple objectives and demand uncertainty was originally formulated as a spectrum of stochastic multi-objective programming models in a bi-level programming framework. Solving these stochastic multi-objective NDP (SMONDP) models directly requires generating a family of optimal solutions known as the Pareto-optimal set. For practical implementation, only a good solution that meets the goals of different stakeholders is required. In view of this, we adopt a goal programming (GP) approach to solve the SMONDP models. The GP approach explicitly considers the user-defined goals and priority structure among the multiple objectives in the NDP decision process. Considering different modeling purposes, we provide three stochastic GP models with different philosophies to model planners’ NDP decision under demand uncertainty, i.e., the expected value GP model, chance-constrained GP model, and dependent-chance GP model. Meanwhile, a unified simulation-based genetic algorithm (SGA) solution procedure is developed to solve all three stochastic GP models. Numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the practicability of the GP approach in solving the SMONDP models as well as the robustness of the SGA solution procedure.     

Multi-objective optimization design of a complex building based on an artificial neural network and performance evaluation of algorithms

While optimization studies focusing on real-world buildings are somewhat limited, many building optimization studies to date have used simple hypothetical buildings for the following three reasons: (1) the shape and form of real buildings are complex and difficult to mathematically describe; (2) computer models built based on real buildings are computationally expensive, which makes the optimization process time-consuming and impractical and (3) although algorithm performance is crucial for achieving effective building performance optimization (BPO), there is a lack of agreement regarding the proper selection of optimization algorithms and algorithm control parameters. This study applied BPO to the design of a newly built complex building. A number of design variables, including the shape of the building’s eaves, were optimized to improve building energy efficiency and indoor thermal comfort. Instead of using a detailed simulation model, a surrogate model developed by an artificial neural network (ANN) was used to reduce the computing time. In this study, the performance of four multi-objective algorithms was evaluated by using the proposed performance evaluation criteria to select the best algorithm and parameter values for population size and number of generations. The performance evaluation results of the algorithms implied that NSGA-II (with a population size and number of generations of 40 and 45, respectively) performed the best in the case study. The final optimal solution significantly improves building performance, demonstrating the success of the BPO technique in solving complex building design problems. In addition, the findings on the performance evaluation of the algorithms provide guidance for users regarding the selection of suitable algorithms and parameter settings based on the most important performance criteria.     

一种求解线性约束的非线性规划神经网络方法

针对线性约束的非线性规划的求解问题,利用罚函数求解优化问题的思想将其转化为二次凸规划,基于神经网络的结构特性,定义所需的能量函数,从而使网络收敛于唯一稳定点最终实现线性约束的非线性规划的求解。实验仿真结果表明,该方法是有效和正确的,且能推广到含参的非线性规划和多目标规划中去。     

An augmented multi-objective particle swarm optimizer for building cluster operation decisions

It is envisioned that other than the grid-building communication, the smart buildings could potentially treat connected neighborhood buildings as a local buffer thus forming a local area energy network through the smart grid. As the hardware technology is in place, what is needed is an intelligent algorithm that coordinates a cluster of buildings to obtain Pareto decisions on short time scale operations. Research has proposed a memetic algorithm (MA) based framework for building cluster operation decisions and it demonstrated the framework is capable of deriving the Pareto solutions on an 8-h operation horizon and reducing overall energy costs. While successful, the memetic algorithm is computational expensive which limits its application to building operation decisions on an hourly time scale. To address this challenge, we propose a particle swarm framework, termed augmented multi-objective particle swarm optimization (AMOPSO). The performance of the proposed AMOPSO in terms of solution quality and convergence speed is improved via the fusion of multiple search methods. Extensive experiments are conducted to compare the proposed AMOPSO with nine multi-objective PSO algorithms (MOPSOs) and multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) collected from the literature. Results demonstrate that AMOPSO outperforms the nine state-of-the-art MOPSOs and MOEAs in terms of epsilon, spread, and hypervolume indicator. A building cluster case is then studied to show that the AMOPSO based decision framework is able to make hourly based operation decisions which could significantly improve energy efficiency and achieve more energy cost savings for the smart buildings.     

Stochastic optimal coupling-control of adjacent building structures

A stochastic optimal coupling-control method for adjacent building structures is proposed. The coupled structures with control devices under random seismic excitation are condensed to form a reduced-order model for the control analysis. The stochastic averaging method is applied to the reduced model to obtain Itô stochastic differential equations with respect to structural modal vibration energies. Then the stochastic dynamical programming principle is applied to the energy processes to establish a dynamical programming equation, by which the optimal coupling-control law is determined. The seismic response mitigation is achieved through the structural energy control and the dimension of optimal control problem is reduced. The seismic excitation spectrum is taken into account according to the stochastic dynamical programming principle. The random response of the non-linear controlled structures is predicted by using the stochastic averaging method and is compared with that of the uncontrolled structures to evaluate the control efficacy. A numerical study is conducted to demonstrate the response reduction capacity of the proposed stochastic optimal coupling-control method for adjacent building structures.     

A particle swarm approach for optimizing a multi-stage closed loop supply chain for the solar cell industry

In order to implement sustainable strategies in a supply chain, enterprises should provide highly favorable and effective solutions for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, which brings out the issues of designing and managing a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). This paper studies an integrated CLSC network design problem with cost and environmental concerns in the solar energy industry from sustainability perspectives. A multi-objective closed-loop supply chain design (MCSCD) model has been proposed, in consideration of many practical characteristics including flow conservation at each production/recycling unit of forward/reverse logistics (FL/RL), capacity expansion, and recycled components. A deterministic multi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model capturing the tradeoffs between the total cost and total CO₂ emissions was developed to address the multistage CSLC design problem. Subsequently, a multi-objective PSO (MOPSO) algorithm with crowding distance-based nondominated sorting approach is developed to search the near-optimal solution of the MCSCD model. The computational study shows that the proposed MOPSO algorithm is suitable and effective for solving large-scale complicated CLSC structure than the conventional branch-and-bound optimization approach. Analysis results show that an enterprise needs to apply an adequate recycling strategy or energy saving technology to achieve a better economic effectiveness if the carbon emission regulation is applied. Consequently, the Pareto optimal solution obtained from MOPSO algorithm may give the superior suggestions of CLSC design, such as factory location options, capacity expansion, technology selection, purchasing, and order fulfillment decisions in practice.     

基于改进的NSGA2算法考虑病患公平性及医院运作成本的病床配置优化研究

针对目前医院病床调度存在运营成本较大以及医患关系之间公平性的问题,提出一个考虑医院运作成本和病患公平性下单科室病床分配的多目标随机规划模型。首先,根据基于医院的相关政策,提出一个考虑响应性与准入性的权重测度指标来反映医患关系的公平性,并考虑医院的运作成本建立多目标随机规划模型;其次,为方便算法求解,引入线性化方法将复杂模型处理成混合整数线性模型;最后,采用改进后的NSGA2算法对多目标问题求解,并对算例进行不同的数值实验。通过调整不同的参数进行相对应的灵敏度分析,改进后的算法提升了算法的收敛性与多样性,实验结果验证了模型的有效性和适用性。     

Operational Optimization for Microgrid of Buildings with Distributed Solar Power and Battery

Improving building energy efficiency is significant for energy conservation and environmental protection. When there are multiple buildings with solar power generation and batteries connected in a microgrid, coordinating the distributed energy supply and consumption may substantially improve the energy efficiency. We consider this important problem in this paper and make the following three major contributions. First, we formulate the operation optimization of a microgrid of buildings as a two‐stage stochastic programming problem. Second, the problem is transformed into a stochastic mixed‐integer linear programming. Then the scenario method is used to solve the problem. Third, case studies of a university campus is presented. The numerical results show that coordinating the distributed solar power and battery can reduce the operational cost of the microgrid.