一种新的纸基微流开关及其活跃方法

提出了一种新的、基于声表面波的纸基微流开关。通过软光刻技术制作内含两个微孔的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)微架,其上固定经折叠、长度可变的纸通道。PDMS微架贴附于压电基片之上,并在待连接的两微通道之下方,折叠纸通道最低端离压电基片间距为2 mm。压电基片上采用微电子工艺光刻一对叉指换能器和反射栅。当足够强度的电信号加到叉指换能器对时,激发两相向声表面波,使得压电基片上微流体输运到折叠纸通道,改变其长度,连接其上待连通的两纸基微通道,完成开关功能。对可编程微流器件提供了一种新的编程和开关控制方法。     

基于声表面波微液滴并行加热研究

提出了一种并行加热微液滴的方法。在128°旋转Y切割X传播方向的LiNbO3压电基片上采用微电子工艺制作叉指换能器和反射栅,在其声路径上贴合环形聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)微槽,其内充满石蜡油微流体。设计有多个受热区的图案,经过激光切割转移到导热性良好的、厚度为0.3 mm的铜金属传热片上,并放置于PDMS微槽上。射频电信号加到叉指换能器上激发声表面波,辐射入微槽中的石蜡油微流体,并将能量通过传热片传递到受热区,进而加热受热区上的微液滴。以纯净水微液滴为实验对象,进行了多个微液滴并行加热实验。结果表明,在单个叉指换能器上加电信号激发的声表面波可同时加热多个微液滴,且其温度变化值随射频电信号功率增加而增加,同时,微液滴体积和受热区中并行加热的微液滴数影响其温度变化。     

声表面波为能量源的微通道关闭研究

为控制微通道内微流体流向,提出了一种声表面波关闭微通道方法。在128°旋转Y切割X传播方向的LiNbO3压电基片上制作中心频率为27.5 MHz的叉指换能器,其激发的声表面波熔融聚二甲基硅氧烷微槽内固体石蜡,熔融后的石蜡由于毛细作用力沿微通道输运。当移去激发声表面波的电信号后,熔融石蜡固化并阻塞微通道,实现微通道关闭。以红色染料溶液为实验对象,对微通道进行关闭操作。结果表明,声表面波可以成功地实现微通道关闭操作,当电信号功率为31.7 dBm时,微通道关断时间约为5 min。本文工作对声表面波为驱动源的微阀研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于声表面波实现数字微流体的产生

数字微流体的产生是压电材料为基片的微流控芯片进行微流分析的前提,报道了在压电基片上应用声表面波技术产生数字微流体的方法.在128°旋转Y切割X传播方向的LiNbO3基片上集成PDMS微通道,在微通道出口一侧为经疏水处理的铝薄片,注射泵产生恒定流量的微流体经PDMS微通道到达铝薄片并聚集,当聚集的微流体体积足够大时,微流体克服表面张力作用下滑到达压电基片,并在中心频率为27.7 MHz叉指换能器激发的声表面波作用下输运,实现微流体的数字化.同时,理论分析了微流体在铝薄片表面上受力状况,并以水为实验对象,进行微流体数字化实验.结果表明,声表面波作用下能精确产生微升量级数字微流体,为压电微流控芯片提供了一种新的微流体引入方法.     

基于声表面波技术实现纸基微流开关研究

提出了采用声表面波技术实现纸基微流开关的方法。它由127.68°旋转Y切割X传播方向的LiNbO3压电基片和两个有一定间隙的纸微通道组成。压电基片上采用微电子工艺制作1个中心频率为27.5MHz的叉指换能器和1个反射栅,纸微流通道采用PDMS薄膜贴附于压电基片的声传播路径上,微流通道一侧微流体在没有声表面波作用时,微流...     

基于两相向声表面波快速富集悬液中微粒

为提高生化分析灵敏度,提出了一种快速富集悬液中微粒的新方法.它在127.68°旋转Y切割X传播方向的LiNbO3基片上采用微电子工艺制作了2×2叉指换能器阵列,在该叉指换能器阵列的一对对角叉指换能器上同时加经功率放大器放大后的RF信号,以激发两相向声表面波,采用微量进样器将待富集的微流体(微液滴)进样到两相向传播的声路径上,微液滴中的微粒在该两相向的声表面波作用下快速向心富集.淀粉溶液微液滴富集实验结果表明,两相向声表面波作用下,10秒内实现微液滴中淀粉微粒的快速富集.     

微通道导引下数字微流体快速混合

微流体混合是微流控芯片急需完善的重要操作单元,提出了在声表面波驱动下实现微通道内数字微流体快速混合方法.在1280YX-LiNbO3基片上设计相互垂直排列的两叉指换能器和反射栅,并在其声传播路径上制作微通道且进行疏水处理以防止微流体偏离运动方向,待混合的数字微流体移液于微通道中,分别在两叉指换能器上分时加RF电信号激发相互垂直声表面波,以驱动微通道中微流体输运、合并及快速混合.输运实验结果表明微流体在没有微通道时运动发生严重偏离声传播方向;混合实验表明:相比于自由扩散混合,声表面波作用极大地提高微通道中微流体混合速度且混合程度更高.     

聚二甲基硅氧烷微流控芯片的制备

采用印刷电路板技术加工出芯片模具,以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为材料制作出微流控芯片。该芯片由基片和盖片组成,微流控沟道位于基片上,深度和宽度分别为75μm和100μm,由盖片对其进行密封。考察了有绝缘漆模具和无绝缘漆模具制作的芯片的电泳分离情况。在该PDMS微流控芯片上对用异硫氰酸酯荧光素标记的氨基酸进行了电泳分离,当信噪比S/N=3时,最小检测浓度达到0.8×10-11mol/L。     

碳纤维温度传感器的感温机理及其应用研究

针对连续流光寻址电位传感器微分析系统样品溶液消耗量大的问题,本文提出了一种液滴型光寻址电位传感器微流控芯片系统。该液滴芯片以电渗微泵驱动微流体,通过电渗流动将样品溶液引流至微流路内,形成单个样品液滴。研究了样品液滴I/t特性曲线,当样品液滴流经检测点时,光电流突然升高至0.1 μA左右,当样品液滴流出检测点时,光电流降至最小。研究了不同pH值、体积均为1 μL样品液滴的I/V特性曲线,得出光寻址电位传感器的灵敏度为45.9 mV/pH;其它条件不变,改变微流路深度,获得不同pH值体积均为200 nL的样品液滴的I/V特性曲线,得出光寻址电位传感器的灵敏度为47.5 mV/pH。结果表明,可以通过减小流路深度将所需测试样品的体积减少至200 nL。该液滴型光寻址电位传感器微分析系统有望应用于微量化学/生物样品的分析。     

基于压电基片微液滴间隙式驱动研究

连续的声辐射力驱动方式难以在平面内精确操控微流体,报道了单步驱动微流体及其在平面中位置确定的方法.在128°-YX LiNbO3上制作中心频率27.7 MHz叉指换能器组,经方波调制的载波信号加到叉指换能器激发间隙性声表面波,以单步驱动其声路径上的微液滴.垂直方向叉指换能器组确定微液滴平面上位置.采用水和0.1 g/mL的NaCl溶液进行间隙性驱动实验,结果表明,在载波强度达到一定幅度时,微液滴运动速度随调制信号频率增大而减少;当调制信号频率一定时,声路径上微液滴运动速度随载波幅度增大而增大.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.