第二代小波降噪在盲源分离技术中的研究应用

为了在噪声环境下正确实施盲源分离,采用第二代小波降噪与盲源分离相结合的方法,使噪声环境下盲源分离算法的性能得到较大地改善。并通过轴承振动信号实验研究证明该方法的优越性。     

MISEP盲分离算法在振动信号分析中的应用

利用MISEP算法对直升机齿轮箱振动信号的非线性混叠进行了盲源分离,分离出了轴承故障振动信号,并将该方法应用于实际的飞机发动机的振动信号分析,分离结果表明MISEP盲源分离算法是机械故障诊断领域的一个有效的信号处理方法。     

LMD-ICA联合降噪方法在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对经典独立分量分析（ICA）只能应用于观测源数不少于信号源数的超定盲源分离问题,提出局部均值分解和ICA相结合的欠定盲源分离新方法。该方法将采集的单通道振动信号进行局部均值分解,基于互相关准则对分解的分量进行重组,构建虚拟噪声通道;将虚拟噪声通道与振动信号作为盲源分离的信号输入,采用基于负熵的FastICA算法实现信号源和噪声的分离,从而达到降噪目的。将该方法应用于滚动轴承故障信号,频谱分析结果表明,该方法处理后的信号中噪声得到一定程度滤除,频谱中毛刺更少,故障特征频率更加明显,有利于故障特征的提取,实验分析证明了该方法的有效性。     

一种基于累积量的盲源分离新方法及其应用

结合二阶累积量和四阶累积量各自的优点,提出一种基于联合近似对角化二阶累积量和四阶累积量的盲源分离算法。采用稳健白化算法有效地减小了噪声对分离精度的影响。盲源分离算法与基于四阶累积量和二阶累积量的算法相比,具有收敛速度快、分离精度高的优点,两个仿真试验验证了该算法能有效分离语音信号和超高斯与亚高斯信号混合的信号。应用该算法成功实现了实测转子复杂混叠振动信号的分离。     

基于双通道定位的柴油机辐射噪声盲分离研究

将基于延时差和强度差的双耳听觉空间定位理论用于柴油机辐射噪声的分离,探索双通道噪声信号分离的可行性。另外,由于柴油机辐射噪声中不可避免的时频域混叠及同一位置辐射的噪声存在多个激励源的问题,再针对双通道定位算法分离的结果进一步利用盲源分离方法进行分离。设计柴油机振动及噪声采集试验,为屏蔽其他缸的干扰源,仅裸露6号待测缸,而对其他缸对应的机体外表面进行消音棉和铅覆盖处理。分离结果表明,双通道算法相当于一种前处理"滤波器",能排除其他位置源的干扰,针对分离出的分量,再借助盲源分离方法能准确分离出机体侧辐射噪声中的燃烧激励成分和活塞敲击激励成分。而且相比于仅仅使用盲源分离方法,该联合噪声分离方案在分离复杂的柴油机辐射噪声上更为优越。     

基于盲源分离与小波降噪的旋转机械故障分析

基于小波降噪和盲源分离相结合对机械信号进行分离与故障诊断。首先使用经分析选择的较好小波阈值对非平稳振动信号进行降噪,然后运用盲源分离技术分离出激振信号,结果表明利用小波阀值降噪后进行盲源分离时分离信号与源信号相似系数优于直接盲源分离;将小波降噪和盲源分离相结合应用于某燃气轮机的实测故障信号提取,诊断出转子发生了不平衡及碰摩等故障现象,与实测情况相符,有效说明了该方法在旋转机械故障诊断中的实用性。     

粒子滤波在含噪齿轮箱故障盲源分离中的应用

在机械故障诊断中,传感器所获得的信号不可避免地受到各种未知噪声的干扰,针对这种复杂噪声环境下的机械信号盲源分离不能得到较好分离效果的问题,提出了一种将粒子滤波用于含噪信号盲分离的方法,首先利用Rao-blackwellised粒子滤波对观测信号进行降噪处理,然后再进行独立分量分析。仿真和实验结果表明该方法是有效的。     

基于IWT-CEEMD-cICA的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

为在强噪声下准确利用振动信号进行轴承微弱故障的诊断,提出了一种基于改进小波阈值、互补集合经验模态分解和约束独立分量分析的故障诊断方法。首先,对单通道振动信号进行改进小波阈值降噪预处理,提高输入信号的信噪比;然后,进行CEEMD处理以实现降噪及单通道扩展,基于峭度值和相关系数选取有效固有模态函数并将其作为盲源分离的输入信号;最后,通过cICA方法提取目标振动信号,识别故障特征。     

融合小波分解与时频分析的单通道振动信号盲分离方法

针对单通道振动信号盲源分离是一个病态问题,且传统的振动信号盲源分离方法往往忽略信号的非平稳性的问题,提出了一种融合小波分解与时频分析的单通道振动信号盲源分离方法。首先利用小波分解与重构将单通道信号转化为多通道信号,解决了盲源分离的欠定问题;然后利用基于时频分析的盲源分离算法分析非平稳信号,得到源信号的估计信号,实现了非平稳信号盲源分离。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地解决单通道非平稳振动信号的盲源分离问题。     

基于双树复小波变换的轴承故障诊断研究

提出了一种基于双树复小波变换解调技术的轴承故障诊断新方法。该方法利用双树复小波变换具有近似平移不变性、避免频率混叠和有效降噪的优点,首先对轴承故障振动信号进行双树复小波分解和重构,将振动信号分解成实部和虚部,然后计算振动信号的双树复小波幅值包络和包络谱。齿轮箱轴承故障振动实验信号的分析表明,该方法能在强噪声环境下准确提取轴承故障产生的周期性瞬态冲击信号,能有效消除频率混叠现象和强噪声的影响,能有效识别轴承内圈和外圈故障。     

A repeated single-channel mechanical signal blind separation method based on morphological filtering and singular value decomposition

This paper proposes a repeated blind source separation (BSS) method based on morphological filtering and singular value decomposition (SVD) to separate the mixed sources from a single-channel signal. Firstly the signal is de-noised by the morphological filter and, the noise which affects the accuracy of the separation is removed. Next, the purified signal is reconstructed in phase space, and the SVD is applied to this matrix. After choosing the effective singular values, the inverse transform is applied to the revised signal matrix. From this, the pseudo signal can be obtained. The pseudo signal and the purified original signal are used to achieve the mixed sources separation through the fast independent component analysis (FastICA) algorithm. Then, the methods above are repeated in order to separate the weaker signals. The analysis of simulation and practical application demonstrates that that proposed method shows a high level of separating performance of a single-channel signal.     

高速列车非平稳振动信号盲源分离方法及应用

高速列车具有若干时变激励源,传统的时频分析方法只能对观测的混合振动的总体强度分布、时频域结构加以分析,不能分离出与各振源对应的信号分量从而明晰振源状态与故障特征。盲源分离是一种可行的分析方法,但由于高速列车振动信号具有时变振源数目、时变信号长度、受车速调制的变频非平稳等特征,传统的盲源分离方法不适用。为了提高高速列车非平稳信号的盲源分离效果,基于自适应滤波理论提出全局最优信噪比盲源分离新方法,并对其可分离性的判别依据进行论证。新方法的有效性经仿真计算和实测数据分析得到验证。研究表明：新方法对高速列车时变非平稳信号的盲源分离效果优于传统的基于非线性函数的盲源分离方法和基于高阶累积量的盲源分离方法。     

ICA在航空发动机振动信号盲源分离中的应用

研究了基于独立分量分析(independent component analysis,简称ICA)的发动机振动信号盲源分离技术,旨在将发动机振动信号按照不同的激振源进行分离。首先阐述了基于最大信噪比的盲源分离算法原理,通过对仿真信号进行分离,判断了分离输出信号与仿真信号的一致性,验证了该算法的可行性;然后将该算法与FFT分离法相结合,应用于某型双转子航空发动机高、低压转子实测振动信号盲源分离中,取得了很好的分离效果,表明应用ICA技术建立的基于最大信噪比的盲源分离算法具有迭代次数少、计算复杂度低、效果好及稳定等优点。     

卷积混合机械非平稳振动信号的二阶盲分离方法

针对机械振动信号具有非平稳和卷积混合的特性,文中将基于二阶统计量的盲源分离方法推广至卷积混合的模型,提出在信号子空间的频域中对机械振动信号的盲解卷积方法.仿真和实测数据实验结果表明,此方法充分考虑信号的非平稳以及卷积混合特性,能较好地实现机械振动信号的盲分离.与传统盲源分离算法比较,该方法更适合于机械振动信号的分析.     

Application of the blind source separation method to feature extraction of machine sound signals

As the result of vibration emission in air, a machine sound signal carries important information about the working condition of machinery. But in practice, the sound signal is typically received with a very low signal-to-noise ratio. To obtain features of the original sound signal, uncorrelated sound signals must be removed and the wavelet coefficients related to fault condition must be retrieved. In this paper, the blind source separation technique is used to recover the wavelet coefficients of a monitored source from complex observed signals. Since in the proposed blind source separation (BSS) algorithms it is generally assumed that the number of sources is known, the Gerschgorin disk estimator method is introduced to determine the number of sound sources before applying the BSS method. This method can estimate the number of sound sources under non-Gaussian and non-white noise conditions. Then, the partial singular value analysis method is used to select these significant observations for BSS analysis. This method ensures that signals are separated with the smallest distortion. Afterwards, the time-frequency separation algorithm, converted to a suitable BSS algorithm for the separation of a non-stationary signal, is introduced. The transfer channel between observations and sources and the wavelet coefficients of the source signals can be blindly identified via this algorithm. The reconstructed wavelet coefficients can be used for diagnosis. Finally, the separation results obtained from the observed signals recorded in a semianechoic chamber demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods.     

应用微分算法处理特种管道测厚激光超声信号

为了实现特种管道在高温、高压、辐射等特殊环境下管壁厚度的非均匀性检测,提出一种基于微分算法的管道壁厚激光超声测量及特征信号处理方法。采用脉冲激光激励和激光干涉探测的激光超声方法,实验测得管道试件的宽频带激光超声信号。采用数字平均算法对宽带激光超声信号进行去噪处理,提高原始激光超声信号的信噪比。采用微分算法对激光超声信号进行特征提取处理,得到表征管壁厚度的激光超声特征信号。根据管道材料声速和激光超声传播时间反演计算得到管道试件的壁厚值,管壁厚度测量值与实际值的误差小于5%。研究表明,基于微分算法的管道壁厚激光超声测量及特征信号处理方法具有良好的信噪比、准确的信号特征量和较高的测量精度,可用于管道壁厚的在线实时检测以及因腐蚀、应力引起的管道壁厚不均匀性检测。     

Application of the blind source separation method to feature extraction of machine sound signals

As the result of vibration emission in air, a machine sound signal carries important information about the working condition of machinery. But in practice, the sound signal is typically received with a very low signal-to-noise ratio. To obtain features of the original sound signal, uncorrelated sound signals must be removed and the wavelet coefficients related to fault condition must be retrieved. In this paper, the blind source separation technique is used to recover the wavelet coefficients of a monitored source from complex observed signals. Since in the proposed blind source separation (BSS) algorithms it is generally assumed that the number of sources is known, the Gerschgorin disk estimator method is introduced to determine the number of sound sources before applying the BSS method. This method can estimate the number of sound sources under non-Gaussian and non-white noise conditions. Then, the partial singular value analysis method is used to select these significant observations for BSS analysis. This method ensures that signals are separated with the smallest distortion. Afterwards, the time-frequency separation algorithm, converted to a suitable BSS algorithm for the separation of a non-stationary signal, is introduced. The transfer channel between observations and sources and the wavelet coefficients of the source signals can be blindly identified via this algorithm. The reconstructed wavelet coefficients can be used for diagnosis. Finally, the separation results obtained from the observed signals recorded in a semi-anechoic chamber demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods .     

盲分离与Hilbert-Huang结合应用于航空发动机振动信号分析

在航空发动机故障诊断中,首要任务是分析故障信号提取故障特征。针对航空发动机非平稳振动信号,提出了利用盲分离(BSS)获得发动机的振源信号,结合Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)对振源信号进行时频分析提取故障特征的方法。首先利用仿真信号验证了此方法的有效性,然后分析了某航空涡扇发动机空中停车故障并与直接应用HHT分析的结果进行比较,证实了盲分离与HHT的结合能更准确地提取航空发动机非平稳故障特征。