旋翼振动监测信号的演化分析与损伤跟踪方法

基于非线性涡流(nonlinear eddy current,简称NEC)检测技术搭建了实验系统,对Q195碳素钢和304奥氏体不锈钢两种常用核电结构材料的塑性损伤程度进行无损定量评价研究。发现材料的塑性损伤程度与非线性涡流检测信号频谱图中基频幅值、三次谐波幅值存在一定线性关系。不同材料的线性关系存在差异,Q195碳素钢的检测信号随损伤程度增大而下降,304奥氏体不锈钢的检测信号随损伤程度增大而上升。通过开发实验系统、进行塑性变形导入和非线性涡流检测实验,分析检测信号与塑性变形程度的相关性,发现检测信号中基波幅值及三次谐波幅值与检测试件的塑性变形程度具有良好相关性,验证了本研究方法对两种典型核电结构材料塑性变形无损定量评价的有效性与可行性。     

基于非线性涡流的结构材料塑性损伤评价

基于非线性涡流(nonlinear eddy current,简称NEC)检测技术搭建了实验系统,对Q195碳素钢和304奥氏体不锈钢两种常用核电结构材料的塑性损伤程度进行无损定量评价研究。发现材料的塑性损伤程度与非线性涡流检测信号频谱图中基频幅值、三次谐波幅值存在一定线性关系。不同材料的线性关系存在差异,Q195碳素钢的检测信号随损伤程度增大而下降,304奥氏体不锈钢的检测信号随损伤程度增大而上升。通过开发实验系统、进行塑性变形导入和非线性涡流检测实验,分析检测信号与塑性变形程度的相关性,发现检测信号中基波幅值及三次谐波幅值与检测试件的塑性变形程度具有良好相关性,验证了本研究方法对两种典型核电结构材料塑性变形无损定量评价的有效性与可行性。     

铝合金塑性损伤电磁超声谐振无损评估研究北大核心CSCD

针对传统线性超声方法难以有效检测金属构件微损伤的问题,使用电磁超声换能器,在6061铝合金试件内发射并接收超声信号,采用非线性电磁超声谐振方法对铝合金试件拉伸时产生的塑性损伤进行无损评估。基于非线性电磁超声谐振检测实验平台,对不同拉伸阶段的试件分别进行了非线性检测实验,通过基波与三次谐波的幅值比,定量地描述了铝合金材料的非线性参数与材料拉伸损伤程度相关关系。实验结果表明:弹性阶段的拉伸处理对试件的非线性情况影响较小,而塑性阶段的拉伸造成的微损伤对试件的非线性情况有较大影响,因此非线性电磁超声谐振技术可以有效评估铝合金塑性损伤。     

铝合金初期塑性变形与疲劳损伤的非线性超声无损评价方法

利用传统超声检测方法或其他无损检测方法难以实现金属初期塑性变形和疲劳损伤的检测.为了解决这一问题,利用基于二次谐波的非线性超声检测方法,研究2024-T4铝合金的初期塑性变形与疲劳损伤缺陷的测试过程;建立非线性高能穿透法超声检测系统,发现超声非线性系数与铝合金残余塑性变形和疲劳损伤程度具有单调相关关系;通过改进试验方法,利用压电晶片的滤波效应,成功减小试样前端非线性的试验来源,提高了检测的鲁棒性.试验结果表明通过利用晶片的滤波效应,选择合适的激励频率能够减小前端仪器的非线性对试验结果的干扰,使基于二次谐波幅值的超声非线性系数能够作为表征铝合金初期塑性变形和疲劳损伤程度的特征参量应用于实际的检测过程.     

金属材料力学性能退化非线性超声检测实验系统优化

材料早期力学性能退化总是伴随着某种形式的材料非线性力学行为,从而引起超声波传播的非线性,即高频谐波的产生.查超声非线性系数非常小,易被测量系统的非线性干扰淹没.通过实验仪器的选择和夹具的设计,改进了一套非线性超声测试实验系统.在相同条件下测得同一试件在不同输入电压下的二次谐波幅值和基波幅值平方近似线性关系,表明实验系统是可靠的.利用该系统进行了一组LY12铝合金拉伸试件非线性超声检测实验.在塑性阶段,随着拉伸应力的增大超声非线性系数显著增加.实验结果表明,超声非线性系数可以表征金属材料的力学性能退化程度.     

基于Libsvm的304不锈钢人工缺陷弱磁信号反演研究

针对304奥氏体不锈钢顺磁性材料,提出了将多类分类支持向量机Libsvm算法用于弱磁信号磁异常反演的研究.采用正交试验设计,制作4块304奥氏体不锈钢试块,共16组人工槽缺陷并使用弱磁检测对试块进行检测.对采集到的缺陷信号磁异常提取占宽、幅值、面积等特征值,使用Libsvm算法建立缺陷信号磁异常与缺陷之间的联系,并测试...     

304不锈钢点蚀损伤的非线性超声表征

利用非线性超声表面波检测技术实现了对304奥氏体不锈钢点蚀损伤的无损表征。将固溶态304奥氏体不锈钢在质量分数为6.0%,10.0%,14.0%的FeCl_3溶液中,分别浸泡6,12,18h。利用OLS4000激光共聚焦显微镜对浸泡试样进行表面形貌的观察、稳态点蚀孔三维形貌以及尺寸的测量,利用RAM-5000测量超声表面波非线性系数,基于蚀孔微观形貌和尺寸变化分析点蚀损伤的非线性系数变化规律。结果表明:归一化非线性系数随超声表面波传播距离的增加而逐渐增大;表面波传播距离一定时,归一化非线性系数随浸泡时间的延长和溶液质量分数的升高而单调递增。超声波与点蚀引起的材料不连续界面相互作用,造成界面间的应力-应变非线性效应,且非线性效应随点蚀损伤的加剧被累积,这一结论对奥氏体不锈钢点蚀研究具有较大的参考价值。     

选区激光熔化316L不锈钢疲劳损伤非线性超声检测研究

疲劳损伤是影响选区激光熔化316L不锈钢服役安全的重要问题,基于经典的非线性超声理论,研究了疲劳加载条件下选区激光熔化316L不锈钢超声检测非线性系数随疲劳周期的变化规律。试验结果表明,当选区激光熔化316L不锈钢产生疲劳损伤后,超声波检测信号中二次谐波幅值明显增大,且超声非线性系数随着疲劳周期的增加呈逐渐增长趋势。因此,采用非线性超声检测方法对选区激光熔化316L不锈钢疲劳损伤进行检测是可行的。     

非线性超声技术表征金属和有机材料塑性损伤的对比试验研究

非线性超声信号对材料微观组织演化非常敏感,可用于材料早期服役损伤的检测与表征。基于非线性超声纵波信号测量,研究纯铜和有机高分子材料PMMA的超声非线性参量随着材料塑性损伤程度的变化关系。试验结果表明,随着塑性应变的增加,纯铜的超声非线性参量随着变形量的增加而显著增大,而PMMA材料的超声非线性参量几乎不变。利用扫描电子显微镜与透射电子显微镜分别对两种材料进行微观组织观察,发现纯铜在塑性变形过程中位错密度逐渐增加,这可能是导致超声非线性参数增大的主要因素。无位错结构的PMMA材料在塑性变形过程中仅发生了高分子链段的变化,而非线性超声信号对此却不太敏感。从试验结果可以看出,材料损伤过程中位错结构的演化能引起非线性超声信号的显著变化。     

基于缺陷局部共振内调制机理的复合材料平板损伤识别

相比利用谐波和调制信号的非线性超声无损检测方法,损伤局部共振内调制效应可以大幅增强损伤界面间的非线性行为,且其利用激励频率与损伤局部共振频率间进行调制,输入信号得到简化。当激励信号满足特定的频率条件时,材料的缺陷和损伤局部在超声激励的作用下会产生共振,导致响应信号中出现幅值增强的倍频、超谐波、亚谐波以及激励频率与局部共振频率间的内调制现象。针对损伤局部共振效应构造单自由度非线性模型,并运用多尺度法进行分析,分别考虑平方、立方刚度非线性,推导局部共振内调制现象产生的机理。进行碳纤维复合材料板冲击损伤局部共振调制损伤识别实验分析,验证理论模型分析结果以及缺陷局部共振内调制非线性损伤检测方法的可行性。结果表明,利用缺陷局部共振内调制效应可以有效地识别复合材料板的冲击损伤。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.