基于信息熵和GA-SVM的自动机故障诊断

提出了一种运用信息熵和遗传算法优化的支持向量机(GA-SVM)对小口径火炮自动机进行故障诊断的方法。针对自动机工作时的短时冲击信号特征,首先运用具有自适应特性的局域波对信号进行分解得到IMF分量,并对各IMF分量进行Hilbert变换。接着利用信息熵理论提取局域波特征空间谱熵、边际谱熵和时频熵作为故障特征。最后将特征向量输入遗传算法优化的支持向量机进行故障分类识别。利用遗传算法的全局搜索能力对支持向量机的参数进行优化,摆脱了对求解模型的依赖。结果表明,相对于空间穷尽搜索寻找最优参数的支持向量机模型可提高诊断正确率。同时证明将信息熵和GA-SVM方法相结合在自动机故障诊断中的有效性。     

基于LMD包络谱熵及SVM的天然气管道微小泄漏孔径识别

针对管道泄漏信号的非平稳特征以及管道泄漏孔径大小难以识别的问题,提出一种基于局域均值分解包络谱熵及支持向量机的识别方法。该方法对管道泄漏信号进行局域均值分解,得到若干个瞬时频率具有物理意义的乘积函数(production Function, PF)分量;计算各PF分量的峭度值并据此选出包含主要泄漏信息的分量作为主PF分量,对这些分量进一步采用小波包分解能量法进行分析并重构;再对重构后的主PF分量进行希尔伯特变换求取包络谱,结合信息熵的概念提出包络谱熵并计算熵值;将归一化包络谱熵作为泄漏信号特征输入支持向量机分类器中,用以区分不同的泄漏孔径,完成对泄漏孔径的识别。通过试验采集大量的管道泄漏信号进行处理及分析,试验结果表明该方法能有效识别不同泄漏孔径类别。     

基于熵带法与PSO优化的SVM转子故障诊断

对转子故障信号的信息熵带作为支持向量机(support vector machine,简称SVM)的训练样本,基于粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization,简称PSO)优化SVM分类器结构参数进行了研究.对试验模拟获得的故障信号进行了时域、频域、时-频域的信息熵带计算,得到了奇异值谱熵、功率谱熵、小波空间谱熵及小波能谱熵4种熵带,并对熵带进行预处理,建立了一种基于故障信号的信息熵带作为特征量,用PSO解决SVM结构参数优化设置的转子故障识别方法.将该方法应用于转子系统在线故障诊断中,结果表明,所设计的算法具有训练速度快,测试时间短、分类准确率高等特点.     

基于EWT和多尺度熵的高压断路器故障诊断

提出了一种以经验小波变换(empirical wavelet transform,简称EWT)和多尺度熵相结合的高压断路器振动信号的特征向量提取和故障诊断的分析方法。首先,将高压断路器的振动信号进行经验小波变换,得到内禀模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF),选择相关系数较大的IMF进行重构;其次,提取重构信号的多尺度熵作为表征断路器状态的特征向量,采用归一化的方法对特征向量进行预处理并以此作为支持向量机(support vector machine,简称SVM)的输入向量进行分类训练;最后,将测试样本信号故障特征输入训练好的SVM,在SVM核函数参数进行网格算法优化的基础上进行状态识别及分类。实验结果表明,该方法可快速准确地检测高压断路器故障,实现了断路器故障的状态识别。     

MED和分层模糊熵在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对单一的小波包能量特征难以实现滚动轴承故障准确诊断的局限性,提出了一种新的基于最小熵解卷积(Minimum Entropy Deconvolution,MED)、小波包能量谱和分层模糊熵的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。采用MED算法抑制噪声,突出故障冲击特征;分别提取小波包分解后不同频段能量谱和分层模糊熵融合作为特征向量,通过支持向量机完成了对于滚动轴承的故障分类。将提出的方法应用于滚动轴承实验数据进行分析,通过对比结果验证了所提方法有更高的分类准确性和更大的实用性。     

小波包和模糊熵特征融合的轴承故障诊断

进行轴承多种类型裂纹故障诊断时,为解决单一特征量诊断效率低的问题,提出了基于信号小波包分解的精细时频域分析和模糊熵的特征融合方法。首先对轴承振动信号进行小波包4层分解重构,确定小波包系数模糊熵和频带能量,精细提取振动信号的高低频故障信息特征;然后基于权重指标对模糊熵和频带能量进行融合,构造多种故障状态下轴承信号的特征向量;最后选择适合小样本分类的支持向量机对轴承裂纹故障进行诊断。试验数据处理结果表明,轴承不同裂纹故障状态下,融合特征的方法诊断效率更高,相较于单一特征量识别准确率提高5.0%以上,对10种裂纹故障诊断正确率达到98.0%。     

往复泵泵阀的谐波小波包分析及LS-SVM方法研究

针对往复泵泵阀冲击振动信号的非平稳特性,运用谐波小波包能量特征提取和最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)相结合的方法识别泵阀故障。通过对泵阀冲击振动信号进行谐波小波包分解,提取各频段谐波小波包系数的能量值,将各频段能量值组成的特征向量作为诊断模型的特征向量,输入到LS-SVM多类分类器中进行故障识别,并将谐波小波包与小波包在泵阀故障诊断中的诊断准确率进行了比较。试验结果表明将谐波小波包分解和LS-SVM相结合可以准确有效地识别泵阀故障类型。     

应用小波包能量谱及SVM的安瓿内浮类异物识别

目的：为了解决安瓿内漂浮物与悬浮物的识别问题,本文提出了一种基于小波包能量谱的特征提取及支持向量机的识别方法。方法：首先通过图像序列差分及点检测分割提取杂质存在区图像作为目标区;然后将目标区沿安瓿瓶轴线方向逐行叠加形成一维信号;对一维信号进行小波包分解,采用主成分分析方法提取小波包分解特征向量中独立主成分;以小波包特征向量中独立主成分的能量谱作为异物类型特征;将提取的特征作为支持向量机的输入向量,采用序列最小优化方法实现训练样本快速分类。实验过程中选择不同类型的核函数和相应参数进行训练和测试。结果：实验结果显示,相对于传统BP网络,SVM在将识别用时减少近60%,识别精度提高了35%。结论：能够满足在生产中对浮类杂质的提取和快速识别的要求。     

基于小波包自适应Teager能量谱的滚动轴承早期故障诊断

针对滚动轴承早期故障特征信息难以识别以及从小波包分解后的频带不能有效确定并自适应提取共振带的问题,提出了频带幅值熵的概念。在此基础上,将小波包变换和Teager能量谱结合,提出了基于小波包变换自适应Teager能量谱的早期故障诊断方法。该方法首先利用小波包对采集到的振动信号进行分解,并计算各子带的频带幅值熵。然后将熵值按升序排列后依次作为阈值,提取频带幅值熵大于阈值的子带,依据峭度指标确定最佳熵阈值以及小波包最佳分解层数,从而自适应并且有效地提取出共振带。最后对共振带进行Teager能量谱分析,即可从中准确地识别出轴承的故障特征频率。通过信号仿真与实验数据分析验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于EMD近似熵和LS-SVM的机械故障智能诊断

故障特征提取的精确性和分类识别的高效率是提高故障诊断准确率和速度的关键,针对此问题,提出一种基于经验模式分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)近似熵和最小二乘支持向量机(least square support vector machine,LS-SVM)的机械故障诊断新方法.利用EMD良好的局域化特性和近似熵表征信号复杂性规律来量化故障特征,再与LS-SVM相结合进行故障类型识别.首先,对故障振动信号进行EMD 分解,得到若干个反映故障信息的本征模函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF);其次,选取前4个IMF的近似熵值作为信号的特征向量;最后将构造的特征向量输入到LS-SVM分类器进行故障类型识别.仿真表明,该方法能有效地提取故障特征,与传统的BP(back propagation)络相比,具有训练样本少、训练时间短、识别率高等优点.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.