电泳沉积法制备三氧化钨薄膜

研究了由WO3溶胶采用电泳沉积法制备WO3薄膜,讨论了电流密度、溶胶陈化时间、溶胶浓度、溶胶pH值对制备WO3薄膜厚度的影响;及膜厚与沉积时的电流密度对薄膜与基底结合力的影响.通过TGA-DTA和IR分析探讨了固体薄膜在热处理过程中的结构变化.     

原位聚合法制备多壁碳纳米管/聚乙烯复合材料的研究

通过原位聚合法制备改性的多壁碳纳米管和聚乙烯复合材料.讨论偶联剂对催化活性、复合材料力学性能等的影响.实验表明:经过酸化和偶联剂改性的多壁碳纳米管通过二次负载钛系活性可达2.0×103g/g.h左右,分子量为2.0×105左右,当复合材料中多壁碳纳米管质量分数达2.5%时拉伸强度可超过30 MPa.     

电泳-电沉积法制备Ni-Fe2O3复合镀层 及其氧化性能研究

先采用电泳沉积工艺在Ni基体上均匀沉积Fe2O3膜,然后采用电镀技术在Fe2O3膜中沉积金属Ni,得到含Fe2O3质量分数较高的Ni-Fe2O3复合镀层。分析了沉积电压对电泳沉积Fe2O3膜厚度的影响,研究了镀层的高温氧化性能,并对其氧化机理进行了探讨。使用傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪对镀层的截面形貌、成分等进行了研究。结果表明:通过改变阴阳两极之间的电场强度或调整两极之间的距离,电泳沉积Fe2O3的厚度会发生很大的变化;经过一定温度热处理后,电泳沉积层中的有机物去除干净;使用电泳-电沉积法制备的Ni-Fe2O3镀层与基体之间的结合界面紧密、完整;复合沉积层在1 000℃高温条件下氧化后可以得到镍铁尖晶石结构的物质。     

电泳-电沉积法制备Ni—Fe2O3复合镀层及其氧化性能研究

先采用电泳沉积工艺在Ni基体上均匀沉积Fe2O3膜,然后采用电镀技术在Fe2O3膜中沉积金属Ni,得到含Fe2O3质量分数较高的Ni-Fe2O3复合镀层。分析了沉积电压对电泳沉积Fe2O3膜厚度的影响,研究了镀层的高温氧化性能,并对其氧化机理进行了探讨。使用傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪对镀层的截面形貌、成分等进行了研究。结果表明：通过改变阴阳两极之间的电场强度或调整两极之间的距离,电泳沉积Fe2O3的厚度会发生很大的变化;经过一定温度热处理后,电泳沉积层中的有机物去除干净;使用电泳一电沉积法制备的Ni-Fe2O3镀层与基体之间的结合界面紧密、完整;复合沉积层在1000℃高温条件下氧化后可以得到镍铁尖晶石结构的物质。     

表面改性氧化铝粉体在丙酮中的电泳沉积研究

电泳沉积制备的纯碳化硅沉积体很难烧结,加入氧化铝则可以改变其烧结性能。制备稳定碳化硅/氧化铝沉积液便成为必要。以氧化铝粉体为原料,丙酮为有机介质,使用正硅酸乙酯为改性剂,研究了改性前后氧化铝沉积体系的Zeta电位、沉积速率,并和碳化硅颗粒在相同有机介质中的特性进行比较,实验表明:氧化铝粉体经正硅酸乙脂表面改性后,Zeta电位发生较大改变,等电点在pH为2~3之间,与碳化硅很接近;改性后氧化铝粉体的电泳沉积速率有较大提高,相同条件下与碳化硅的沉积速率很接近。     

回归分析在离子选择性电极标准加入法中的应用

对离子选择性电极标准加入法的能斯特方程进行一元非线性回归分析,可避免近似计算引入的误差,且能估算出测定的误差范围,可判断分析操作是否正常,可求出实际的响应斜率,得出拟合精度较好的最佳方程。     

泡沫金属的制备与应用

对泡沫金属的制备技术与实际和潜在用途进行总结和评述 。     

化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管有序阵列

采用化学气相沉积法（CVD）在覆盖有催化剂薄膜的硅片表面直接制备出碳纳米管阵列,使用透射电镜（TEM）和场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）对其进行了检测,并探讨了实验条件对碳管形貌的影响。结果表明：所制备的碳管具有明显的取向性,能够形成致密有序的碳纳米管阵列;制备催化剂所用的硝酸铁溶液浓度为2mol／L时,最适宜碳管阵列的生长;匀胶机的转速提高,可减小催化剂颗粒直径,增强颗粒分散性,有利于碳管生长;碳纳米管的直径随反应温度的升高和时间的延长而增加,680℃为最佳反应温度;碳管生长模式为顶部生长和底部生长。     

水热电泳沉积法制备硅酸钇涂层

以声化学法合成的纳米硅酸钇粉体为原料,异丙醇为溶剂,碘为荷电介质,采用水热电泳沉积方法在SiC-C/C复合材料表面制备出硅酸钇涂层,借助XRD和SEM对涂层的晶相组成、表面和断面的微结构形貌进行了表征,重点研究了水热电泳沉积温度对涂层结构及抗氧化性能的影响.结果表明,涂层中以Y2Si2O7为主晶相,涂层的厚度和致密性随着水热温度的增加而提高;与包埋法制备的SiC涂层相比,水热电泳沉积制备的硅酸钇复相涂层具有更好的抗氧化性能,涂层试样在1 500℃的空气气氛下氧化35 h后失重为0.32×10-3 g/cm3.     

氮掺杂碳纳米管的制备及其在铅离子检测中的应用

制备了氮掺杂改性的碳纳米管(CNx),并对其进行了扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscopy,SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD,X-Ray Diffraction)表征。利用循环伏安法测定了铅离子在氮掺杂碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,氮掺杂碳纳米管修饰电极对铅离子有明显的电催化行为,而且它在铅离子检测中的效果明显优于裸的玻碳电极。在拟定条件下,氮掺杂碳纳米管修饰电极对铅离子的检测限为0.06μmol/L,线性范围为0.06～0.1μmol/L,并且具有良好的稳定性与重复性,因而该电极具有良好的应用前景。     

Constitutive relationship of ionic polymer-metal composite and static response character of its cantilever setup to voltage

As a new ionic polymer-metal composite（IPMC） for artificial muscle,the mechanical performance parameters and the relationship between the deformation and the electrical parameters of the IPMC were studied. With the digital speckle correlation method,the constitutive relationship of the IPMC was confirmed. With non-contact photography measurement,a cantilever setup was designed to confirm the relationship between the deformation of the IPMC film and the applied voltage. The relationship curve of tip displacement of the IPMC cantilever setup vs the voltage was achieved. The results indicate that the IPMC is isotropic,its elastic modulus is 232 MPa and Poisson ratio is 0.163. The curve achieved from the test of the tip displacement of the IPMC cantilever setup shows that the tip displacement reaches the maximum when the stimulated voltage is 5 V. And the tip displacement descends largely when the frequency of the applied voltage is between 30 mHz and 100 mHz.     

Influence of deposition voltage on phase, microstructure and antioxidation property of cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings

Cristobalite aluminum phosphate (C-AlPO₄) coatings were prepared by a hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition process on SiC-coated C/C composites. Phase compositions and microstructures of the as-prepared coatings were characterized by XRD and SEM analyses. The influence of deposition voltage on the phase, microstructure and antioxidation property of the cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings was investigated. Results show that the as-prepared coatings are composed of cristobalite aluminum phosphate crystallites. The thickness and density of cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings are improved with the increase of deposition voltage. The deposition amount and bonding strength of the cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings also increase with the increase of deposition voltage. The deposition mass per unit area of the coatings and the square root of the deposition time at different hydrothermal voltages satisfy linear relationship. The antioxidation property of the coated C/C composites is improved with the increase of deposition voltage. Compared with SiC coatings prepared by pack cementation, the multilayer coatings prepared by pack cementation with a later hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition process exhibit better antioxidation property. The as-prepared multi-coatings can effectively protect C/C composites from oxidation in air at 1 773 K for 37 h with a mass loss rate of 0.53%.     

Influence of deposition voltage on phase, microstructure and antioxidation property of cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings

Cristobalite aluminum phosphate (C-AlPO4) coatings were prepared by a hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition process on SiC-coated C/C composites. Phase compositions and microstructures of the as-prepared coatings were characterized by XRD and SEM analyses. The influence of deposition voltage on the phase, microstructure and antioxidation property of the cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings was investigated. Results show that the as-prepared coatings are composed of cristobalite aluminum phosphate crystallites. The thickness and density of cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings are improved with the increase of deposition voltage. The deposition amount and bonding strength of the cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings also increase with the increase of deposition voltage. The deposition mass per unit area of the coatings and the square root of the deposition time at different hydrothermal voltages satisfy linear relationship. The antioxidation property of the coated C/C composites is improved with the increase of deposition voltage. Compared with SiC coatings prepared by pack cementation, the multilayer coatings prepared by pack cementation with a later hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition process exhibit better antioxidation property. The as-prepared multi-coatings can effectively protect C/C composites from oxidation in air at 1 773 K for 37 h with a mass loss rate of 0.53%.     

Optimizing electrophoretic deposition conditions for enhancement in electrical conductivity of carbon fiber/carbon nanotube/epoxy hybrid composites

The effectiveness of optimizing electrical conductivity of carbon fiber/carbon nanotube (CNT)/epoxy hybrid composites via Taguchi method was demonstrated.CNTs were induced on carbon fabric by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique.The essential deposition parameters were identified as 1) the deposition time,2) the deposition voltage,3) the mass fraction of CNTs in suspension,and 4) the distance between the electrodes.An experimental design was then performed to establish the appropriate levels for each factor.An orthogonal array of L9 (34) was designed to conduct the experiments.Electrical conductivity results were collected as the response.The relative influences of design parameters on the response were discussed.Using the model,signal to noise (S/N) ratio and response characteristics for the optimized deposition parameter combination were predicted.The results show clearly that the optimum condition of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process improves the electrical conductivity of carbon/epoxy hybrid composites.     

盐酸普鲁卡因离子选择性电极的研制及应用

以盐酸普鲁卡因离子缔合物为电活性物质,1∶1的邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯为增塑剂,研制成以PVC为基质膜的盐酸普鲁卡因离子选择性电极.盐酸普鲁卡因浓度在1 0×10-4～2 5×10-2mol/L范围内时,电极电位服从能斯特方程,响应斜率为56 6mV/ΔpC,检测下限为3 16×10-5mol/L.对盐酸普鲁卡因的回收率为95 0%～105%,相对标准偏差为4 6%.考察了电极的各种性质,电极电位不受pH值的影响;测定了20种常见离子的选择性系数,该电极的选择性良好,一些常见的阴、阳离子及有机试剂无明显干扰.方法用于实际样品中的盐酸普鲁卡因测定,与常规方法对照,相对误差为4 1%,结果满意.     

测试导电复合材料直流电阻的四端电极法

为了探讨基于网状或环状电极的直流四端电极法在导电复合材料电阻测试中应用的可行性,比较了应用于不同基体、不同导电填料的导电复合材料直流电阻测试的两端电极法和四端电极法,提出了网状或环状电极与导电复合材料之间接触电阻的计算方法并进行了验证.研究表明:基于网状或环状电极的直流四端电极法可消除在直流两端电极法测试中存在的电极与导电复合材料之间的接触电阻;电极与导电复合材料之间接触电阻是非欧姆性的,接触电阻的大小与被测导电复合材料自身性质有关,其数值是可求解的.基于网状或环状电极的直流四端电极法适用于测试导电复合材料的电阻.     

酸抛光法在玻璃电极表面处理中的应用

经常使用的玻璃电极要保持湿放 ,但长期的湿放会对电极的响应产生不良影响。利用 5 %的氢氟酸对电极进行表面处理 ,对电极的玻璃系统的化学稳定性进行了测定 ,并在理论上加以分析 ,证明用酸抛光法对玻璃电极表面进行处理 ,可以恢复原有的性能     

酸抛光法在玻璃电极表面处理中的应用

经常使用的玻璃电极要保持湿放,但长期的湿放会对电极的响应产生不良影响。利用5％的氢氟酸对电极进行表面处理,对电极的玻璃系统的化学稳定性进行了测定,并在理论上加以分析,证明用酸抛光法对玻璃电极表面进行处理,可以恢复原有的性能。     

氨基酸离子液体[bmim]Gly的合成探索及表征

探索两步法合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑甘氨酸离子液体([bmim]Gly)的反应条件.第一步,采用阴离子树脂静态交换法由1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐([bmim]Br)与强碱性阴离子树脂生成中间产物1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氢氧化物([bmim]OH),通过单因素实验获得其最佳交换条件;第二步,[bmim]OH与甘氨酸(Gly)反应,经脱水、洗涤后得目标产物.对产物进行核磁(1H NMR)和红外(IR)表征,结果表明产品纯度较高.与动态合成法相比,静态法合成[bmim]Gly操作简便,节水省时,有助于实现氨基酸离子液体合成过程的绿色化和工业化.