具有延迟的未知数目稀疏源盲混合信道估计方法

在具有延迟的稀疏源盲分离中,混合信道的估计是一个关键组成部分,其估计精度直接影响到源信号的估计精度.提出了一种源信号数目未知时的混合信道盲估计方法.首先根据时频域观测信号幅值呈线性聚类的几何特点,提出了一个新的线性聚类有效性准则,并根据此准则估计源信号数目.同时利用改进的霍夫变换寻找每一类数据的致密直线方向,作为衰减矩阵列向量的估计.然后利用时频域不同观测信号间的相位差特性,估计延迟矩阵.几个语音信号的仿真实验表明了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

转子共频相关故障源源数估计与子带盲分离

针对转子异常振动产生含交叉频率的响应,其共频相关故障源不满足统计独立要求,提出利用非负矩阵法在频域中计算故障源个数,不计及源信号和混合系统特性,可以正确估计出故障源数目或源数上限。提出利用小波包分解故障信号,选择互信息较小的子带进行重构,剔除共频信号并进行盲分离,得到独立非相关的源信号,保留了故障信息。理论及实验结果证明了所提出方法的有效性。     

一种新的盲信号源数估计方法研究

传统源数估计方法要求传感器数大于或等于源数,而盲信号很难满足这个条件,为此,提出了一种新的源数估计方法。该方法在传感器数与源数关系不明确的情况下,仅根据观测信号的功率谱密度函数的比值即可对源数作出估计。通过理论分析、仿真和实验,证明了该方法的有效性。     

用盲源分离技术创建独立的虚拟传感器

在振动与声测量中，由于结构对振动的传播作用以及声传播过程中散射与混响效应的存在，传感器(如加速度计或麦克风)所测得的信号往往是多个源的混合。盲源分离作为一种强有力的冗余取消工具，可以正确恢复独立源信号的波形。不过在具体实施中，所有的盲源分离算法都依赖于一个基本假设，即传感观测信号数必须大于或等于系统中的独立源数，而实际机器中独立源的数目往往未知。为此首先提出一种基于奇异值分解的聚类不相关源数估计新方法，估计一个系统中独立源数的上界，并籍此获得足够维数的传感观测信号，保证盲源分离方法在实际应用中的正确实施，从而共同构建一个能获取无法直接观测的独立源波形的虚拟传感观测系统。实验结果表明了该系统潜在的实用意义。     

基于阶比滤波的单通道缸盖振动信号盲源分离

传统盲源分离方法要求传感器观测信号数目不小于源信号数目,且在源信号平稳、相互独立的前提下,才能得到较为准确的分离信号,但对于发动机缸盖振动非平稳信号,由于激励源较多,这些条件不易满足。为实现缸盖振动信号盲源分离,提出了基于阶比滤波的单通道缸盖振动信号盲源分离方法。利用燃爆激励信号频率随转频变化的先验信息,通过阶比滤波得到阶比分量,将阶比分量和单通道信号组成多维观测信号,通过快速独立成分分析方法得到了缸盖振动非平稳信号的分离信号。仿真和应用研究证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于独立分量分析的壳体结构振源数目估计方法

在振源数目未知的条件下,仅利用多通道观测混合信号准确分离源信息是信号源盲分离的技术难题之一。为了揭示观测振动混合信号的复杂组成结构,以及为振源信息盲分离提供可靠的先验信息,提出一种基于独立分量分析和聚类评估技术的信源数目估计方法。通过仿真试验与壳体结构试验台典型机械振动信号分析,定量比较基于信息理论的源数估计方法AIC/MDL与提出方法的性能,研究结果表明所提出方法可从振动调制混合信号中准确可靠地估计信源数目,具有更好的工程应用性能。     

VMD⁃SVD在机械故障信号欠定源数目估计中的应用

针对在观测信号数目小于机械故障振动信号源数目的欠定情况下,源信号的个数难以估计的问题,提出一种变分模态分解(Variational mode decomposition,VMD)和奇异值分解(Singular value decomposition,SVD)相结合的盲源数目估计方法.首先利用VMD对振动信号进行分解,得到若干本征模态函数分量(Intrinsic mode function,IMF),然后对IMF进行重新组合得到多维观测信号的协方差矩阵,最后依据奇异值分解的结果来对信号源数目进行最终确定.仿真信号分析验证了该方法的有效性,将该方法运用到轴承复合故障振动信号中,分析结果表明,该方法能够实现欠定情况下源数目的可靠估计.     

基于经验模式分解的单通道机械信号盲分离

盲源分离是机械设备复合故障诊断的一种有效方法,经验模式分解是非平稳信号分析的有力工具,它将非线性、非平稳信号分解成为一系列线性、平稳的本征模函数信号。在机械故障信号盲分离中,单通道机械信号盲分离是一个病态问题。针对单通道机械信号盲分离的困境,综合盲源分离和经验模式分解各自的优点,提出基于经验模式分解的单通道机械信号源数估计和盲源分离方法。针对单通道机械观测信号进行经验模式分解,并将单通道信号和其本征模函数组成多维信号,利用奇异值分解估计机械源数目,根据源信号数目重组多通道机械混合信号,并利用FastICA算法实现机械信号的盲分离。将该方法应用于轴承和齿轮的仿真研究,正确分离出轴承和齿轮源信号,仿真研究表明,它能很好地解决单通道机械信号的源数估计和盲源分离难题。     

基于盲源分离技术的故障特征信号分离方法

信号采集过程中，传感器测量到的信号是实际振动信号在此测量方向的投影值，由于其他不相干振源的影响，测量信号由多个振动信号成分组成。在分析多振源信号混合模型的基础上，采用盲源分离技术分离不同的振源信号，讨论分离结果的广义初等相等性质的影响，研究估计振源数目的方法和选取测量信号的方法，利用二阶特征矩阵联合近似对角化算法，从测量信号中分离故障特征源信号。该算法可减小信号采集不当造成的影响，有效提高特征信号的提取。     

基于非负矩阵分解的盲信号源数估计

为满足盲源分离算法对振源信号数量的苛刻要求,提出了一种基于非负矩阵分解的源数估计方法。该方法在传感器数大于或等于源数时,无论源信号是否相关均能准确估计源数;在传感器数小于源数时,能估计源数的下界。理论分析、仿真和工程实验证明了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

Compound fault diagnosis of bearings using improved fast spectral kurtosis with VMD

The fast spectrum kurtosis (FSK) algorithm can adaptively identify resonance bands of a signal, and fault characteristics can be extracted by analyzing the selected frequency bands. However, in practical applications, the bearing failure may be composed of various faults (inner ring/outer ring/rolling element) and the faults may be located in different resonant bands. Due to the interference between different fault components and noise, the weak components may be submerged when FSK is used to deal with compound fault signals. To improve the accuracy of an FSK processing compound fault located in different resonance bands, an improved FSK method combined with the variational mode decomposition (VMD) is proposed. First, the parameters (number of components K / penalty factor α ) in the VMD decomposition are selected, and the original compound fault signal is preprocessed by VMD decomposition, so that the original signal is decomposed into K variational intrinsic mode function (VIMF) components. The resonance center bands of these signals are different from each other, so the different fault information is located in different VIMF. Finally, each VIMF component is calculated by FSK. Through the simulated and experimental analysis, the method can accurately identify the resonance bands, and identify the weak fault characteristics of compound bearing fault.     

基于小波包的碰摩信号能量特征辨识

基于小波包分解结果,针对信号在不同频段内能量的变化,进行故障辨识。信号发生故障一般都伴随着能量的变化,而小波包提供了一种将信号划分到不同频段的方法,借助小波包将信号细分到各个频段,分别求出频段内信号的能量,观察能量的变化就可以判断出是否发生了故障以及故障的程度。以一组转子系统正常与故障时的实验数据为例,详细地说明了该方法的可行性,取得了准确的结果。该方法可以被广泛应用于各种平稳信号或非平稳信号的故障监测。     

基于DEMD和对称差分能量算子解调的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对机械故障振动信号多为调制信号的特点,为了更好地提取多分量调幅调频信号的幅值和频率信息,提出了基于微分的经验模式分解(DEMD)与对称差分能量算子相结合的解调方法。利用DEMD算法将原始振动信号进行分解,得到若干个单分量信号;对每一个单分量信号进行三点对称差分能量算子解调,得到各单分量信号的瞬时幅值和瞬时频率,并计算出包络谱。将该方法应用于仿真信号和滚动轴承故障信号的诊断,实验结果表明,该方法能有效地提取机械故障信号的故障特征,实现旋转机械故障诊断。     

Separation of fault features from a single-channel mechanical signal mixture using wavelet decomposition

This study reports a joint wavelet decomposition and Fourier transform approach to the separation of periodic mechanical source signals from single-channel signal mixture. With this method, the signal mixture is first decomposed to certain wavelet scales. The resulting wavelet coefficients are then Fourier transformed to extract the information pertinent to each signal source from these scales. Next, the number of signal sources is determined and the wavelet coefficients for each signal are constructed in all scale levels. Finally the source signals can be reconstructed using these wavelet coefficients. Since this method does not require the number of sources to be known a priori, it is particularly suitable for mechanical fault signal separation as the number of source signals varies with time and is unpredictable. It is also important to point out that the number of sources is determined without the commonly adopted sequential extraction/learning process and hence the proposed method can be used for on-line fault detection due to the reduced computing burden. The application of this method has been demonstrated using mixed bearing data containing both inner and outer race fault signals.     

全信息小波能量熵及其在旋转机械状态监测中的应用研究

结合全信息技术、小波分析以及信息熵的基本理论,提出全信息小波能量熵的概念.用小波分析将两个垂直通道的信号分别分解至不同的频率带,综合所有分解系数计算得到小波熵,对融合信号能量分布的紊乱程度进行量化.仿真计算表明,全信息小波能量熵能反映融合振动信号能量分布的复杂性,且对能量分布的变化较为敏感,可作为衡量设备工作状态的指标,应用于旋转机械状态监测中.     

ASTFA-BSS方法及其在齿轮箱复合故障诊断中的应用

自适应最稀疏时频分析（adaptive and sparsest time-frequency analysis,ASTFA）方法以分解得到的单分量个数最少为优化目标,以单分量的瞬时频率具有物理意义为约束条件,使得到的分量更加合理;结合盲源分离,提出了一种基于ASTFA的盲源分离方法并应用于齿轮箱复合故障诊断中。该方法首先利用ASTFA将单通道源信号进行分解,然后利用占优特征值法进行源数估计,根据源数重组观测信号,最后对观测信号进行盲源分离得到源信号的估计。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地对齿轮箱复合故障信号进行分离进而实现齿轮箱的复合故障诊断。     

小波包能量谱在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

提出了基于小波包能量谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,以6406轴承为例采集不同工况的振动信号,然后对试验数据进行小波包变换,振动信号被分解到独立的频段,不同频带内的信号能量变化反映了运行状态的改变,提取各频带小波包能量谱为特征向量,最后应用基于模糊聚类的故障诊断方法。经对大量实测数据的处理和分析,能够比较准确地诊断出轴承的故障。     

Application of the blind source separation method to feature extraction of machine sound signals

As the result of vibration emission in air, a machine sound signal carries important information about the working condition of machinery. But in practice, the sound signal is typically received with a very low signal-to-noise ratio. To obtain features of the original sound signal, uncorrelated sound signals must be removed and the wavelet coefficients related to fault condition must be retrieved. In this paper, the blind source separation technique is used to recover the wavelet coefficients of a monitored source from complex observed signals. Since in the proposed blind source separation (BSS) algorithms it is generally assumed that the number of sources is known, the Gerschgorin disk estimator method is introduced to determine the number of sound sources before applying the BSS method. This method can estimate the number of sound sources under non-Gaussian and non-white noise conditions. Then, the partial singular value analysis method is used to select these significant observations for BSS analysis. This method ensures that signals are separated with the smallest distortion. Afterwards, the time-frequency separation algorithm, converted to a suitable BSS algorithm for the separation of a non-stationary signal, is introduced. The transfer channel between observations and sources and the wavelet coefficients of the source signals can be blindly identified via this algorithm. The reconstructed wavelet coefficients can be used for diagnosis. Finally, the separation results obtained from the observed signals recorded in a semianechoic chamber demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods.