基于滚压的压电叠堆压电转换特性仿真分析

本文提出一种基于滚压的压电俘能器结构,结合Cymbal压电换能器和压电振子叠堆,利用滚珠作为激励源,可以把机构的往复振动转换为对压电振子的单向压迫.使用仿真软件对俘能器结构中滚珠压迫压电单元的力,以及该俘能器结构在并联和串联模式下输出的电压和俘获的电能进行仿真分析,得到该结构的压电转换特性.仿真结果表明,滚珠对压电叠堆的压迫力与压电陶瓷层数并不是单向递减,1-5层时递增,5层以后压迫力逐渐减小.在压电陶瓷的总层数不变的情况下,并联和串联时压电叠堆所俘获的总电能是不变的.两种联接模式下总电能随层数的变化关系为5层以内时随层数的增加而减小,超过5层后逐渐增加.     

激励频率自适应的采煤机状态压电俘能监测装置研究

考虑到目前用于采煤机状态监测的压电俘能装置不能实时根据外界激励频率变化而改变固有频率,研究一种自适应外界激励频率的采煤机状态压电俘能监测装置.对该频率可调的压电俘能装置进行数学模型建立、固有频率的有限元仿真以及实验研究.研究结果表明:随着压电俘能装置悬臂梁重心的变化,压电俘能装置发电量最大值对应的激励频率不断变化.自适应外界激励频率的压电俘能装置可将频率变化范围控制在7 Hz到55 Hz之间.自适应外界激励频率的压电俘能装置可使安装于采煤机各处的压电俘能装置输出功率在300 mW左右.自适应外界激励频率的压电俘能装置能够对采煤机工作时不同位置的激励频率进行自适应调节,保持对监测装置稳定供电.     

压电纤维复合材料悬臂梁发电性能分析

研究了压电纤维复合材料悬臂梁俘能器的电学特性,使用有限元法分析了叉指型电极结构尺寸、压电纤维和基板材料厚度对输出电压的影响,并将同等尺寸的d33和d31模式压电纤维材料悬臂梁俘能器发电能力进行对比分析.结果表明:叉指电极结构尺寸对工作于d33模式的压电纤维材料悬臂梁俘能器输出电压影响较大.d33模式俘能器具有能产生高电压、低电流值的特点,当压电纤维和基板材料的最佳厚度比为0.75时,俘能器产生电荷量最大.而d31模式俘能器具有能产生低电压、高电流值的特点,当压电纤维和基板材料的最佳厚度比为0.6时,俘能器的输出电压最大.相对于d33模式压电纤维材料,工作于d31模式压电纤维材料更适合作为发电材料使用.     

新型双方向压电俘能装置设计与实验研究

研究了一种新型的双方向压电俘能器,简化拾振器结构,利于压电俘能装置的产品化.采用矩形压电晶片和悬臂梁结构对双方向压电俘能器结构进行设计;研究了附加质量对压电俘能器发电性能的影响.通过实验方法测试了新型的双方向压电俘能器在不同环境激励下的发电性能,结果表明:压电振子的固有频率与自由端附加质量成反比,在进行主副压电振子附加质量选取时,根据外界环境激励的频率范围,选取最容易激发压电振子共振的附加质量,使得主压电振子与副压电振子分别与激励频率产生共振,实现产生电能最大化.     

微型双稳态板压电俘能器的仿真研究

基于中间固定、四边自由的微型压电层合板模型,应用应变梯度理论考虑其尺寸效应,借助ABAQUS用户自定义子程序(UEL)模块自定义了一种三维八节点的微型压电单元.利用有限元法热-力-电耦合分析对微型双稳态板压电俘能器进行了仿真研究,发现其在不同的激振频率下存在不同的变形状态,非线性动态分析显示该结构在其一阶固有频率之前也能俘获较多电能,且存在多态转换交替出现的现象.针对该微型双稳态压电俘能器,给出了其最佳的工作频率和最大俘获电压.研究成果对微型压电俘能器的设计分析和性能检测具有重要的指导意义.     

随机振动激励下的压电俘能器发电性能模拟与分析

对一种悬臂梁结构车载压电俘能器发电性能进行了研究,建立了两自由度1/4车辆垂向振动模型,使用仿真软件MATLAB/Simulink分析了路面随机激励下的车体振动响应,并以此作为激励源作用于压电俘能器上,使用有限元法分析了俘能器基频、外接负载、车速、路面不平度对俘能器输出电压、电流和功率的影响关系。结果表明,当俘能器基频与车辆系统固有频率相匹配时,俘能器可以获得更高的输出电压,增加负载阻抗值,俘能器输出电压增加、输出电流减小,存在一个最优负载阻抗(约为200ｋΩ)使俘能器输出功率达到最大,负载阻值相同时,提高车速和增加路面不平度系数均可以使俘能器获得更高的输出功率。当车辆以10ｍ/ｓ速度行驶在B级路面上时,压电俘能器最大输出功率可到达0.5ｍＷ。     

带谐振腔的微型压电风能采集器

为了提高基于风致振动机理的微型风能采集器在低速风作用下的输出功率,提出一种带谐振腔的微型压电风能采集器结构,该采集器由谐振腔和振动梁构成,振动梁由压电梁和柔性梁组成。谐振腔可以改变振动梁附近的流场分布,扩大作用于振动梁的动风载荷,从而提高了采集器在低速风作用下的输出功率。实验分析了风速、压电梁长度和柔性梁长度对采集器输出性能的影响。当谐振腔尺寸为64 mm×22 mm×14 mm,振动梁长度和宽度分别为38 mm和6.4 mm时,微型风能采集器在17 m/s风载荷作用下的最大输出功率达到1.28 mW。     

风致驰振型压电-电磁复合俘能器等效电路建模及参数影响分析

为了研究与标准直流接口电路相连的风致驰振型压电-电磁复合俘能器的发电性能,建立了风致驰振型压电-电磁复合俘能器的等效电路模型,利用电路仿真软件仿真分析了接口电路串联和并联配置、激励风速和负载电阻对压电-电磁复合俘能器输出功率的影响关系.结果表明,俘能器起振后,直流接口并联连接比串联连接具有更高的功率输出.对于并联接口电路,在低负载阻抗区,压电-电磁复合俘能具有比单一压电和单一电磁俘能更高的输出功率;在高负载阻抗区,压电-电磁复合俘能与单一压电俘能的输出功率相当,电磁俘能表现出对高阻抗负载的不适用性.本文参数化分析结果有助于理解连接标准直流接口电路的压电-电磁复合俘能器发电性能.     

直角复合梁压电俘能器多方向能量收集

提出了一种可进行多方向能量收集的直角复合梁压电俘能器。使用有限元分析法得到了直角复合梁压电俘能器的功率频响曲线,并与常规复合梁压电俘能器进行了发电能力比较研究,随后参数化分析了金属主梁长度和附加质量对直角复合梁输出功率的影响关系。结果表明,相比于常规的复合梁,直角复合梁压电俘能器可以进一步减小两个谐振频率之间的距离,并且在两个激励方向（x向和z向）有较高的峰值功率密度。x方向激励时,通过合理调节金属主梁长度和末端质量,直角复合梁压电俘能器可以得到两个更接近的峰值功率密度;z方向激励时,随着金属主梁长度和末端质量的增加,直角复合梁压电俘能器的峰值功率密度增加。     

风致驰振型电磁俘能器输出性能仿真分析

对一种横风向驰振的电磁俘能器输出性能进行了研究。建立了风致驰振型电磁俘能器输出电流与输入风速关系数学模型,应用谐波平衡法求得了方程近似解析解。通过与龙格-库塔法数值解比较验证了解析解的正确性,随后仿真分析了激励风速和无量纲负载电阻r对驰振频率和切入风速的影响关系,并研究了机电耦合系数、线圈电感和电阻对切入风速和平均功率的影响关系。结果表明,低r值时,受高切入风速制约,俘能器不易发生驰振。俘能器驰振后,最优r值不低于1,最优功率会随着机电耦合系数的增加而增大并逐渐趋于饱和。当r取值范围为[0.01,100]时,低风速条件下,增加线圈电感值可以降低系统在低r值处的切入风速,拓宽可驰振的r值范围,改善低r值处输出功率。高风速条件下,低于49.3 mH的线圈电感对输出功率几乎无影响,随后增加的线圈电感值能明显降低俘能器在低r值处的输出功率。增加线圈电阻值能提高俘能器在低r值处的输出功率,但过量增加线圈电阻会导致系统最优功率大幅下降。研究结果为风致驰振型电磁俘能器的设计提供理论参考。     

等强度梁式压电振动能量收集器特性研究

为了提高微型悬臂梁式压电振动能量收集器的压电材料利用率,增强其能量转换效率,基于等强度梁理论设计了一种微型压电式振动能量收集器.分析了该能量收集器的力学特性及机电耦合特性,并且与等截面悬臂梁式振动能量收集器进行了对比.研究结果表明:微型等强度梁式压电振动能量收集器的固有频率低、表面应力分布合理、压电材料利用率高、能量输出密度大,其性能明显优于等截面梁式压电振动能量收集器.     

Electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting device optimization by synchronous energy extraction

This paper investigates a new application of nonlinear techniques for vibration energy harvesting. The Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction (SECE) energy harvesting technique for piezoelectric generators is extended and adapted to electromagnetic generators. This new circuit, which is the dual of the SECE circuit, is named SMFE for Synchronous Magnetic Flux Extraction. A theoretical model is developed, and the harvested power is simulated. Comparisons with a classical energy extraction approach show that between 2.5 more power and 10% less power can be harvested, depending on the generator characteristics. It also allows the maximum power to be harvested whatever the value of the load. Finally, the SMFE circuit was embedded and tested on a simple centimeter-scale electromagnetic harvester. Measurements confirm the theoretical operating principle of the circuit.     

基于自适应并联电感同步开关控制的压电能量俘获电路设计

并联电感同步开关（P-SSHI）电路可以提高压电能量俘获能力,但其能量俘获效率受到开关控制精准性、整流电路导通压降等因素的影响。因此,本文提出了一种将超低压降有源整流与自适应P-SSHI结构相结合的高效压电能量俘获电路。其中,超低压降有源整流的上半桥采用交叉耦合被动开关的PMOS对管结构,下半桥则采用有源电路控制开关的NMOS对管结构,从而有效地降低了整流电路的导通压降。为进一步提高电路的压电俘获效率,本文采用自适应同步开关控制的P-SSHI结构以提高开关控制的精准性。该结构通过对整流电路中的电流进行过零检测确定同步开关的闭合时刻,对L-C振荡回路中的电流进行过零检测确定同步开关的断开时刻。实验结果表明,所提电路可以实现同步开关的自适应控制,并可有效提高压电能量俘获电路的整体效率。与全桥整流电路相比,本文所提电路可将输出功率提高到235%。     

Numerical Analysis of a Vortex Tube: A Review

Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube is a simple devise with no moving parts which could generate cold and hot air/gas streams simultaneously with compressed air/gas as a working fluid. The energy and flow separation in a vortex tube is highly depends on factors like nozzle shape, nozzle number, diameter and length of the vortex tube, inlet pressure, control valve, diaphragm hole size and cold mass fraction. As the energy separation and flow patterns in a vortex tube are highly complex and were not explained successfully by any researcher, a computational study of vortex tube flow and energy separation will give a better understanding about the physics and mechanism involved. Many researchers conducted computational fluid dynamic analysis of the vortex to have a deep insight about the process of flow separation. In this paper computational analysis of vortex by many researchers were presented along with the results obtained and suggestions to improve the performance of the vortex tube. Researchers considered Turbulence models which predict the performance precisely were discussed in the present paper. Researchers considered turbulence models like LES, k–ε, k–ω and RMS to predict the energy separation in vortex tube. Some researchers considered artificial neural networks (ANN) and Taguchi methods for their analysis. Comparison of the predictions with simulation results were also presented to give a clear idea for the reader about the CFD models prediction capabilities.     

带质量块的微型压电式风能采集器研究

基于风致振动机理的微型风能采集器可以将风能转换为电能,在无线传感等领域具有广阔应用前景.漩涡脱落频率与风速成正比,当漩涡脱落频率与微型风能采集器固有频率接近时,采集器有较高输出功率,因此为了在低风速环境应用风能采集器,需要降低其固有频率.引入质量块可以降低微型压电式风能采集器的固有频率,使其在较低风速下产生较高输出功率...     

压电式能量获取装置的研究现状

微机电系统(MEMS)将是21世纪最重要的研究领域之一,而微能源器件是MEMS其中一个重要分支,其发展直接关系到MEMS在某些领域中的应用。现针对压电式能源获取装置在国际上的研究进展进行系统的阐述和介绍,以压电效应的本质特征为基础,详细描述了它的结构、原理和应用领域。     

Computational study of an incident shock wave into a Helmholtz resonator

The behavior of an incident shock wave into a Helmholtz resonator is very important from the acoustical point of view as well as the fundamental researches of shock wave dynamics. When a shock wave propagates into a Helmholtz resonator, complicated wave phenomena are formed both inside and outside the resonator. Shock wave reflections, shock wave focusing phenomena, and shock–vortex interactions cause strong pressure fluctuations inside the resonator, consequently leading to powerful sound emission. The wave phenomena inside the resonator are influenced by detailed configuration of the resonator. It is well known that the gas inside the resonator strongly oscillates at a resonance frequency, as the incident wavelength is larger, compared with the geometrical length scale of the resonator, but there are only a few works regarding a shock wave that has an extremely short wavelength. Meanwhile, the discharge process of the incident shock wave from the resonator is another interest with regard to an impulse wave generation that is a source of serious noise and vibration problems of the resonator. In the present study, the wave phenomena inside and outside the Helmholtz resonator are, in detail, investigated with a help of a computational fluid dynamics method. The incident shock Mach number is varied below 2.0, and many different types of the resonators are explored to investigate the influence of the resonator geometry on the wave phenomena. A total variation diminishing (TVD) scheme is employed to solve two-dimensional, unsteady, compressible Euler equations. The computational results are compared with existing experimental data to ensure that the present computations are valid to predict the resonator wave phenomena. Based upon the results obtained, the shock wave focusing and discharge processes, which are important in determining the resonator flow characteristics, are discussed in detail.