传统压痕法识别陶瓷材料断裂韧性的有效性研究

基于虚拟裂纹闭合法对传统压痕法测试陶瓷材料断裂韧性的数值模型进行计算,以此为基础,分析比较传统压痕法的几种典型公式识别陶瓷材料断裂韧性的测试误差和所测材料的适用范围。结果表明:传统压痕法的Anstis公式较Evans公式,Lawn公式,JISR公式和Niihara公式,在材料比功0.3≤We/Wt≤0.45时所测断裂韧性值与理论计算值较为接近,其最大误差为12.9%,测试结果相对准确;当0.45We/Wt≤0.7时,传统压痕法对陶瓷材料断裂韧性的测试误差随比功增加迅速增大,特别是当We/Wt=0.7时,Anstis公式,Evans公式,Lawn公式,JISR公式和Niihara公式所测断裂韧性值与理论计算值的最大误差分别为70%,148.5%,48.8%,98.7%和166.6%,在此材料比功范围内传统压痕法所测断裂韧性值误差较大。     

The Essential Work of Fracture (EWF) method – Analyzing the Post-Yielding Fracture Mechanics of polymers

The Post-Yielding Fracture Mechanics describe the fracture behaviour of pre-cracked films and thin sheets that show yielding phenomenon at the crack tip during fracture. The Essential Work of Fracture method (EWF) has been used for this type of fracture characterization, determining two parameters: the specific work of fracture, w_e related with the real fracture process area, and the specific non-essential work of fracture, w_p that corresponds with the work done in the outer region of the crack tip.The EWF technique has been successfully employed especially with polymers, allowing the study of the influence of many variables in fracture properties, unavailable using other techniques such us K_IC or J_IC determination. In this work, the fundamentals of the technique and examples of application are reviewed, presenting a brief summary of the most relevant contributions of our group to the EWF method.     

短切玻纤增强PEKK与BDM/DABPA共混体系固化反应动力学及断裂韧性

利用二烯丙基双酚A(DABPA)对二苯甲烷型双马来酰亚胺(BDM)树脂进行扩链,采用短切玻纤增强聚醚酮酮(PEKK-GF)对BDM/DABPA树脂进行改性。利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了PEKK-GF改性BDM/DABPA树脂固化动力学,确定了改性树脂的固化工艺,并计算出了改性树脂的部分动力学参数。改性树脂的力学性能通过万能拉力机进行测试,结果表明当BDM/DABPA体系中加入10%(质量分数)的PEKK-GF时,改性树脂固化物的冲击强度比原来体系提高了69%,临界应力强度因子(KIC)和临界应变能释放率(GIC)值分别为1.22 MPa·m0.5和295J/m~2,分别提高了21%和59%;拉伸强度从85.21 MPa增加到96.39 MPa,拉伸模量从4.198GPa增加到4.531GPa;弯曲强度从133.0 MPa增加到140.4 MPa,弯曲模量从4.080GPa增加到4.251GPa。采用动态热机械分析法(DMA)对改性树脂体系耐热性进行研究,结果表明,当BDM/DABPA树脂中加入10%(质量分数)的PEKK-GF时,改性树脂固化物的玻璃化温度提高了16.5℃,达到263.5℃。该改性树脂综合性能优异,在耐高温预浸料基体树脂及胶黏剂等领域具有很好的应用前景。     

回火温度对16Col4Ni10Cr2Mo钢断裂韧度和抗应力腐蚀性能的影响

研究了回火温度对１６Ｃｏｌ４Ｎｉｌ０Ｃｒ２Ｍｏ钢断裂韧度Ｋ_（ＩＣ）和抗应力腐蚀性能Ｋ_（ＩＳＣＣ）的影响。发现５１０℃以下回火Ｋ_（ＩＣ）和冲击值ａ_ｋ的变化一致，都表现出回火马氏体脆性，但在回火脆性区内Ｋ_（ＩＣ）不降低。在二次硬化峰之前Ｋ_（ＩＳＣＣ）值很低，这是二次硬化钢不能在硬化峰之前回火使用的重要原因。     

稀土元素(La,Sm,Tb)合金化铌硅材料显微组织及室温断裂韧度EI北大核心CSCD

采用真空非自耗电弧熔炼制备添加稀土元素的Nb-20Ti-16Si-3Al-3Cr-2Hf合金纽扣锭,稀土元素为不同含量的Sm,La,Tb。对铸态合金进行微观组织分析和室温断裂韧度测试。结果表明:合金主要由(Nb,Ti)相与Nb5Si3相组成,不同部位存在多种微观组织,粗大的两相组织存在宏观聚集现象;纽扣锭中普遍存在规则的共晶晶胞和以Nb5Si3相为核心的板条状晶胞;共晶晶胞中心为Nb5Si3相和铌固溶体相Nbss组成的层片状组织,外围为粗大的"齿状"两相组织;板条状晶胞的Nb5Si3相核心保留了完整的平直界面和规则的棱角,晶胞外围主要由细小网状的硅化物和粗大的树枝状Nbss相组成。使用多元线性回归分析不同稀土含量与合金室温断裂韧度的关系,不同稀土含量的合金室温断裂韧度值分布在11~15MPa·m^(1/2)之间,多元线性逐步回归分析后得到室温断裂韧度Kq与稀土含量(Sm,La,Tb)的关系为Kq=10.344+6.896La+2.993Sm。     

Polymer pre-notched small punch specimens to evaluate the essential work of fracture (EWF) parameters

Standardized deeply double edge notched tensile specimens (DDEN-T) have been usually used to assess fracture properties in thin polymer plates under plane stress conditions. The methodology is based on a multi specimen technique and is well known as the essential work of fracture (EWF) method. In some special circumstances these standard specimens cannot be machined as could be the case if the material is limited. A possible solution proposed in this paper could be the use of pre-notched small punch test specimens, in which the aim is to establish the feasibility of using pre-notched SPT specimens for evaluating the essential work of fracture parameters. The results obtained with these miniature specimens have been compared with those obtained from standard DDEN-T specimens.     

On the Toughness Response of iPP and sPP/MWNT Nanocomposites

Nanocomposites based in polypropylene (both syndiotactic and isotactic) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) directly blended in the melt via micro‐extrusion, were studied. The aim was to determine the role of MWNTs, on the creation of the plastic zone and crack propagation in double‐cracked tensile specimens. Essential work of fracture toughness testing was performed on these nanocomposites. In all cases, the effect of MWNT weight fraction on the above properties was extensively studied. Data obtained have shown a non‐linear relationship of almost all properties with MWNTs content. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that a micro crack/craze bridging mechanism can be detected in polymer matrix/ MWNT nanocomposites. This mechanism was observed in the fibrillated areas of the specimens' fractured surfaces. The results obtained showed a promising role of the nanotubes as tougheners for future nanocomposites' applications. Ductile‐to‐brittle transition was confirmed for MWNT contents above 1 wt%.     

Prediction of Temperature Dependence of Fracture Toughness as a Function of Neutron Fluence for Pressure-Vessel Steels by Using the Unified Curve Method

Using the Unified Curve method as proposed by the authors earlier and a probabilistic model based on the local approach and physical background of the influence of impurities and carbide size on the local strength of material, a method has been elaborated for predicting a variation of the temperature dependence of fracture toughness with neutron fluence. The results calculated by this method are compared to the available experimental data.__________Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 3, pp. 22 – 36, May – June, 2005.     

激光区熔Al2O3/Er3Al5O12共晶自生复合陶瓷的组织与断裂韧性

采用激光区熔快速定向凝固技术制备出Al2O3/Er3Al5O12(EAG)共晶自生复合陶瓷,研究了不同激光扫描速率下材料的凝固组织特征及其演变规律,并对其力学性能和增韧机制进行了分析.结果表明:激光区熔Al2O3/EAG由连续的Al2O3和EAG两相组成,两相相互交错分布,形成均匀的三维网状结构;共晶间距细小,在0.2～2.1μm之间,并随着扫描速率的增加规律性地减小.在低的扫描速率下,微观组织呈现典型的层片状非规则共晶组织;当扫描速率增至800μm/s时,出现了胞状及EAG树枝晶.共晶陶瓷的硬度和断裂韧性分别为18.7GPa和2.45MPa.m1/2.微观组织高度细化以及裂纹扩展过程中沿两相界面偏转、分叉等机制提高了材料的韧性.     

Fracture Toughness of Veneering Ceramics for Fused to Metal (PFM) and Zirconia Dental Restorative Materials

Veneering ceramics designed to be used with modern zirconia framework restorations have been reported to fracture occasionally in vivo. The fracture toughness of such veneering ceramics was measured and compared to that of conventional feldspathic porcelain veneering ceramics for metal framework restorations. The fracture toughness of the leucite free veneer was measured to be 0.73 MPa m ± 0.02 MPa m, which is less than that for the porcelain fused to metal (PFM) veneering ceramic: 1.10 MPa ± 0.2 MPa. (Uncertainties are one standard deviation unless otherwise noted.) The surface crack in flexure (SCF) method was suitable for both materials, but precrack identification was difficult for the leucite containing feldspathic porcelain PFM veneer.     

Influence of femtolaser notch sharpening technique in the determination of essential work of fracture (EWF) parameters

The fracture behaviour of a 0.5 mm thick ethylene-propylene block copolymer is analyzed using the essential work of fracture method, using DENT-type specimens. The influence of three experimental parameters in the technique is evaluated: the effect of the notch sharpening technique, the use of a videoextensometer for monitoring the deformations and the measurement of ligament lengths before or after fracture tests were carried on.The results showed that the femtosecond pulsed laser ablation technique (femtolaser) produced sharp notches with no plastic deformation ahead of the notch tip, which yield smaller specific essential work of fracture (w_e) values than in the cases where the notches were sharpened with razor blades. The use of a videoextensometer has allowed removing the viscoelastic energy from the plastic work, with lower values of βw_p. The measurement of the ligament lengths before or after the test did not affect the results.     

稀土对18Ni（350）马氏体时效钢韧塑性的影响

通过对钢的光滑轴对称拉伸性能、冲击韧性及平面应变断裂韧性的测定和对钢中夹杂物的定性、定量分析，表明在１８Ｎｉ（３５０）马氏体时效钢中加入适量的稀土可以改善其韧塑性，但由于受该钢本身成分特点等因素的影响，这种改善作用不如在其它类型超高强度钢（如ＡＦ１４１０）中显著。