HT—7托卡马克氘丸注入实验研究

简要介绍了用于国家中型超导托卡马克装置HT-7弹丸注入系统;详细阐述了在HT-7装置首次用于加料实验的氘（D2）丸的成冰工艺、氘丸注入实验以及氘丸注入对等离子体产生的影响;研究了等离子体的密度、温度的分布变化。     

HL—1M装置的八发弹丸注入系统及工程实验

八发弹丸注入系统自１９９６年投入ＨＬ－１Ｍ（中国环流器新一号）托卡马克加料实验并成功实现Ｈ２弹丸的八发连续注入等离子体。描述了此系统及其在液氮和液氦条件下分别以ＣＨ４和Ｈ２为丸料气的工程实验。压力高于５ＭＰａ的Ｈｅ为推进剂,弹丸速度达８００－１０００ｍ／ｓ。     

863计划聚变－裂变混合堆专题研究取得重大进展

８６３计划聚变－裂变混合堆专题研究取得重大进展多发弹丸固体加料注入技术实验研究是国家八六三计划能源领域聚变一裂变混合堆专题的研究课题之一，研究目标是在“七五”研制成功单发弹丸注入系统并实现单发弹丸注入的基础上，研制成功多发弹丸注入系统并完成多发弹丸注...     

弹丸注入中的丸料气和推进剂系统

本文介绍了“原位冷凝”式弹丸注入器先行实验及中国环流器一号ＨＬ－１弹丸加料实验中采用的丸料气和推进剂系统；提出了系统的建立，特点及实验中的动作程序，并给出了实验结果。     

HL—2A装置先进的加料系统

介绍用于ＨＬ－２Ａ托卡马克装置先进的加料系统研制的立项依据。提出了以螺旋挤压制丸器、快速重复冲切机构与快速电磁间结合的连续弹丸发射系统为首选,以原位冷凝３０管枪弹丸发射系统为备用的研制方案。发射系统既能从装置外部弱场侧（ＬＦＳ）注入,又可以从装置内部强场侧（ＨＦＳ）注入。对研制过程中可能出现的问题和技术难点进行了简要的介绍。     

HL-1M等离子体加料密度特性

主要介绍ＨＬ－１Ｍ托卡马克装置三种加料方式所得的密度的特性结果。用弹丸注入（ＰＩ）、超声分子束注入（ＳＭＢＩ）和常规脉冲送气（ＧＰ）获得等离子体电子密度Ｎｅ分别为５．３＊１０＾１９ｍ＾－３,８＊１０＾１９ｍ＾－３和７＊１０＾１９ｍ＾－３。前者获得的能量约束时间τｅ却比后者高３０％以上。比较了不同再循环条件下各种加料实验的结果,由密度演变、Ｈ信号和软射线（ＳＸ）信号的时空变化显示三种加料方式粒子沉积     

HT-7托卡马克氘丸注入实验研究

简要介绍了用于国家中型超导托卡马克装置HT-7弹丸注入系统;详细阐述了在HT-7装置首次用于加料实验的氘(D2)丸的成冰工艺、氘丸注入实验以及氘丸注入对等离子体产生的影响;研究了等离子体的密度、温度的分布变化。     

HL—1M装置第一壁的硅化和锂涂复

分别用１０％ＳｉＨ４＋９０％Ｈｅ辉光放电和真空室原位蒸锂并借助Ｈｅ辉光放电的等离子体气相沉积法对Ｈ－１Ｍ装置的内壁进行了硅化和锂涂复，进一步降低了装置硼化后的杂质和辐射功率损失，对氢有强轴气效应和低再循环特性，为多发弹丸注入，低混杂波电流驱动等物理实验取得重大成果提供了重要条件。     

苯乙烯—1—丁烯共聚物合金的性能及微观结构

利用ＳＮ－１催化剂对苯忆烯－１－丁烯进行“原位”共聚合反应，分别采用同时加料和顺序加料两种共聚合反应方式制备了两大类苯乙烯－１－丁烯共聚物合金。结果表明，不论是哪种聚合方式，ＳＮ－１催化剂对苯乙烯－１－丁烯共聚合均表出现出较高的催化活性及单体转化率，所得共聚物合金具有高热软化温度和较发的物理性能。利用ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ对共聚物合金的微观观察结果表明，在共聚合反应过程中生成的共聚物对共物物合金的良好的增     

HL—1M装置8发弹丸发射系统的研制及特性

用于ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置的８发弹丸发射系统已研制成功。经全面的工程调试后系统已在ＨＬ－１Ｍ托卡马克装置上进行了国内核聚变研究中首次多发固体氢丸加料。本系统能制造和发射尺寸为φ１．０ｍｍ×Ｌ１．０～１．３ｍｍ和φ１．４ｍｍ×Ｌ１．４～１．８ｍｍ氢、氘弹丸各４发，推进剂压力４～６ＭＰａ时丸速为７００～１２００ｍ／ｓ，冻丸周期２～３ｍｉｎ，８发弹丸可按事先设定程序自动生成和发射。其成功率和重复性优于９０％。     

高频冰冻弹丸制备系统的研制及其工程调试

与俄罗斯培林实验室联合研制的60Hz高频冰冻弹丸制备系统已研制完成:能制备直径 Φ1.0mm、长度L1.0 mm～1.3mm可调节的圆柱形冰冻弹丸;最高注入频率60Hz;注入速度100 m/s～300m/s.工程调试结果表明,弹丸制备系统能稳定可靠地运行,能较好地制备冰冻弹丸,为在HL-2A/2M装置上开展弹丸注入相关...     

HT-7超导托卡马克真空运行的安全保护

根据HT-7托卡马克装置所处不同阶段对真空的要求不同，介绍该安全保护系统如何构建以满足不同阶段的需要。重点论述了在真空运行的各个阶段，需要监测的真空参数以及如何根据这些参数实现安全保护的。最后介绍该系统如何协同工作、保证实验顺利进行以及目前该系统的实际运行情况。     

30管弹丸发射系统真空负荷及多级扩散

HL - 2A装置 30管弹丸发射系统选用了多级真空扩散室和 2种导管相集合的方式 ,以限制发射弹丸时推进剂进入放电真空室。这一设计主要取决于弹丸发射过程中推进剂的用量 ,并满足HL - 2A从装置外侧(低磁场侧 )及内侧 (高磁场侧 )加料时物理实验的需要。最后介绍了根据推进剂用量确定的真空负荷、导管结构和抽气机组     

Multiplication of runaway electrons in discharges with repeated fuel pellet injection

An analysis is made of an effect involving increased evaporation and toroidal acceleration of pellets during their repeated injection in a tokamak, caused by an avalanche-like growth in the population of runaway electrons additionally stimulated by the pellet injection. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 25, 33–40 (August 12, 1999)     

Measurement of the non-thermal bremsstrahlung emission between 20 and 7000 keV in the HT-7 Tokamak

Hard X-ray (HXR) emission in the energy range of 20–7000 keV during lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) experiments in the HT-7 superconducting tokamak has been measured. A vertical multi-channel CdTe detector array is used to measure the fast electron bremsstrahlung (FEB) emission in the energy range 20–300 keV. Three tangentially arranged NaI detectors are used to measure the HXR emission in the energy range 500–7000 keV. In LHCD plasmas with non-zero loop voltage, the fast electron tail extends out to several hundreds keV. The energetic tail acts as seeds of runaways in high loop voltage environments. In this paper, the diagnostics system is described, and the dynamics of runaways in LHCD discharges is presented by the combination of FEB and energetic HXR measurements.     

A sustainable approach to the recycling of rice straw through pelletization and controlled burning

A technique for controlled burning of rice straw is presented. It relies on well-designed rice straw pellets to be burned in fluidized bed. The developed pellets have high burning rate, no fly ashes emissions and minimum bed fouling. The pellets are manufactured from ground rice straw in a disc pelletizer with the aid of bonding and suitable additive materials. The pellets are tested under controlled conditions in a test rig, which represents a single pellet fluidized bed. It is equipped with a nitrogen gun to eject the pellet and freeze the reaction at any predetermined time during combustion. The ejected pellets are weighed as well as elementary analyzed for both carbon and hydrogen, to calculate the burning rate as well as the combustion efficiency, respectively. The effect of several parameters has been evaluated including straw particle size, pellet size, type and concentration of bonding material as well as anti-sintering additives. Also, the pellets’ mechanical characteristics have been evaluated. It has been found that char combustion phase represents the controlling phase of the pellet combustion. The burning rate is higher as the void fraction of the pellet is higher. Starch showed better combustion and mechanical characteristics out of the five tested bonding materials. Adding kaolin to the pellets results in improving the sintering characteristics of the pellets. The experimental results were compared with two combustion models: the oxygen diffusion controlled and the kinetic-diffusion models. It has been found that oxygen diffusion controlled model more accurately simulates the combustion of the pellet during its char combustion phase. The model has been used to evaluate the effect of some operational parameters on the pellet combustion characteristics such as bed temperature, gas flow and oxygen concentration.     

Test results and analyses of conductor short samples for HT-7U

The experiments of Cable-in conduit conductor (CICC) short samples with high proportion of segregated copper strands have been carried out in SULTAN facility last September. These experiments aimed to investigate transient stability and AC losses of CICC conductor coated with different resistive barriers (Pb–30Sn–2Sb or Ni plating on strands) and to check the design of PF and TF CICC for HT-7U magnets. The resistive barriers’ influences on the stability and AC losses of CICC are evaluated. These experimental results are used for the choice of HT-7U TF and PF CICC design.     

A study on the characteristics of glass fibre reinforced thermoplastics by transfer moulding

Lately, the use of fibre reinforced thermoplastics (FRTP) has increased due to its increased mouldability compared to thermosetting FRP material.

FRTP includes stampable sheet, short and long fibre reinforced thermoplastic pellets, continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastics sheets, etc. The long fibre reinforced thermoplastic (LFRTP) pellet has better mechanical properties than short fibre reinforced pellets and better mouldability than stampable sheet. At present, injection moulding method is mainly used for moulding LFRTP pellets because of its high productivity.

However, the long fibre of LFRTP pellets, whose length is the same as pellet length, is degraded during processing if conventional injection moulding machines are used, and as a result, the mechanical properties are not improved as expected in many cases. Therefore, a new moulding process is required to make good use of LFRTP pellets.

For this study, a transfer moulding apparatus was designed and built to minimize fibre degradation of the moulded parts.

Firstly, the LFRTP pellets with fibre lengths of 3, 6, 9, 12.7 and 17 mm were prepared in order to clarify the difference of mechanical properties due to fibre length. The fibre ratio was 30% in weight for all cases and the same polypropylene was used. They were moulded to the shape of the test specimens. Tensile, bending and Izod impact strengths were measured by using these test specimens. Secondly, LFRTP pellets were moulded to the shape of test specimens by the transfer moulding apparatus and conventional injection moulding machine, and then mechanical properties were measured. At the same time, short fibre pellets were moulded to the smae shape of test specimens by the injection moulding machine, and mechanical properties were compared with those of LFRTP pellets.

With the long glass fibre reinforced polypropylene, good results of fibre preservation and mechanical properties were obtained by the transfer moulding apparatus which was built for this study. The impact strength was increased remarkably as the fibre length increased, and consequently the preservation of fibre length in the moulded parts was especially effective in improving the impact strength.