利用形状与空间位置特征检索二值商标图象

为了充分利用商标图象的内部信息，以提高商标图象的检索精度，提出了一种综合利用商标形状特征与共内部空间位置关系持征来检索二值商标图象的方法，由于二值商标属于人工图象，大多数二值商标都是由一些边界分明的几何形状体构成，因此可把二值商标图象看作是由一些具有显著形状特征的区域构成的集合体，对这些集合体首先利用矩特征进行形状的相似性度量，然后利用投影分类的方法匹配空间位置关系，该方法基于这一思想，既考虑了商标涔部各组成部分的形状特征，又兼顾了它们之间的空间位置关系，将整个检索过程分为初级检索与检索求精两个阶段，由于该方法保证了整体与局部的一致性，因此具有很好的检索精度，与仅仅利用图象的形状特征进行检索的实验结果相比，其检索结果更加符合人的视觉感受。     

基于粒子群优化的多特征融合的商标图像检索

提出一种基于粒子群优化的多特征融合的商标图像检索方法,该方法可自动优化多特征融合的权重,提高图像检索系统的自适应性,解决了多特征商标图像检索中的权重分配问题。在1 000幅图像构成的商标图像库进行检索实验,实验结果表明,与基于单一特征的检索方法和一些多特征融合的检索方法相比,提出方法的检索性能最优。     

基于形状与空间位置特征的二值商标图像检索

本文将商标图像看作是由一些具有显著形状特征的区域构成的集合体,对于这样一个集合体,提出了一种基于形状与空间位置特征的检索方法.该方法既考虑了商标内部各组成部分的形状特征,又兼顾了它们之间的空间位置关系,从而保证了图像局部与整体的一致性,具有很好的检索精度.与仅仅利用图像的形状特征进行检索的实验结果相比,其检索结果更加符合人的视觉感受.     

用分块图像特征进行商标图像检索

提出一种使用全局和局部图像特征检索商标图像的方法．首先确定图像的形状主方向，根据形状主方向对图像进行旋转；然后对旋转后的图像提取目标区域，对目标区域用四叉树分解的方法划分多级分块；最后抽取分块图像特征进行图像相似性度量．对图像库中2000幅商标图像实验表明，分块图像特征具有良好的旋转、平移、尺度和变形不变性，得到的检索结果能够很好地满足人的视觉感受．     

基于NMI不变特征的二值商标图像检索方法研究

商标图像的检索在图像库系统管理和应用中得到了越来越多的重视。文中针对二值商标图像，提出一种基于 NMI 特征的商标图像检索方法。其特点是计算简单，精确度高，具有抗几何畸变性，对滤波、平滑、压缩等图像操作有一定的鲁棒性．试 验结果表明，该方法具有一定实用价值，可用于二值商标图像检索。     

一种改进的基于SIFT特征的商标检索方法

利用商标图像的形状特征,提出了一种融合图像全局特征和局部特征的商标检索算法。其中全局特征反映了图像的整体信息,这些信息可用来较快地建立候选图像库,而局部特征则可以更准确地与候选图像进行匹配。提取图像的傅里叶描述子进行初步检索,按相似度排序,在此结果集的基础上对候选图像通过提取SIFT特征进行精确匹配。实验结果表明,该方法既保持了SIFT特征的良好描述能力,又减少了精确匹配需要的计算次数,降低了复杂度。     

基于改进遗传算法的商标多特征权值分配

提出一种改进的遗传算法用于解决商标图像检索中的多特征权值分配问题.针对以往的传统分配方法所存在的不足,提出了利用改进的遗传算法来分配权值.主要方法是将遗传算法中的轮盘赌选择与最优解保存法结合,并将染色体基因重新排列后进行交叉.把遗传算法用于图像检索系统的多特征权值分配,并将得到的特征权值用于商标图像检索系统,目的是为了提高检索系统的效率和精度,而且通过这种方法得到的权值检索出来的结果也比较符合人的视觉感官.     

基于方向特征的二值商标图像检索方法

文中针对二值商标图像，提出一种基于方向特征的商标图像检索方法。用边界方向直方图表示目标的边界方向特征，图像的相似性度量采用直方图求交算法；用区域方向直方图表示目标的区域方向特征。图像的相似性程度用直方图的相关距离来度量。这两者结合起来得到的方向特征可以同时反映图像的整体形状和轮廓形状。实验表明，方向特征能够有效地描述图像的形状及空间分布信息，取得了令人满意的检索结果。     

融合HU不变矩和SIFT特征的商标检索

利用商标图像的形状特征,提出了一种融合图像全局特征和局部特征的商标检索算法。其中全局特征反应了图像的整体信息,这些信息可用来较快地建立候选图像库,而局部特征则可以更准确地与候选图像进行匹配。提取图像的HU不变矩进行初步检索,按相似度排序,在此结果集的基础上对候选图像通过提取SIFT特征进行精确匹配。实验结果表明,该方法既保持了SIFT特征的良好描述能力,又减少了精确匹配需要的计算次数,降低了复杂度。     

融合傅里叶描述子和尺度不变特征转换特征的商标检索

针对传统商标检索算法中全局特征容易造成误检,而局部特征SIFT对轮廓描述能力不强及算法复杂度高的问题,提出了一种融合图像全局特征和局部特征的商标检索算法。其中全局特征反应了图像的整体信息,这些信息可用来较快地建立候选图像库,而局部特征则可以更准确地与候选图像进行匹配。首先提取图像的傅里叶描述子进行初步检索,并按相似度排序,然后在此结果集的基础上对候选图像通过提取SIFT特征进行精确匹配。实验结果表明,该方法既保持了SIFT特征较高的查全率和查准率,优于傅里叶描述子单一特征,而且检索速度比SIFT单一特征显著提高,能很好地应用于商标图像检索系统中。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.