电动汽车热泵空调冷凝器空气侧性能模拟与结构优化

电动汽车热泵空调是用于解决电动汽车冬季无法制热的问题,本文设计一种用于电动汽车热泵空调的新型平行流换热器。通过对换热器的冷凝工况进行数值模拟,得到不同入口速度条件下的换热及阻力特性,并与经验公式进行比较,验证数值模拟的正确性。分析不同的翅片倾斜角度及翅片间距下换热及阻力特性变化,得到优化的结构参数,为电动汽车热泵空调换热器设计提供依据。     

翅片管式气-液换热器变工况下传热特性研究

采用FLUENT软件对高温空气-混合硝酸盐在翅片管式换热器中的换热进行了三维数值模拟,研究其换热与流动特性。模拟主要考察对于不同压力工况下及不同Re数的高温空气,换热器的换热及阻力特性。计算结果表明:随着空气侧流速及空气压力的增加,空气侧表面换热系数都有显著增加,同时流动阻力也有所增加。低压力工况时的换热及阻力特性曲线几乎随空气流速呈线性相关,高压力工况流动和换热呈非线性趋势。将数值模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比,对数值模拟结果的准确性进行了验证,并得出了流体物性对换热器性能的影响,给出了翅片管换热器在不同条件下的换热准则方程式。     

用于RW25T型列车空调排风热回收的热管换热器的数值研究

介绍了国内外利用热管对空调排风进行热回收的研究状况及应用,对RW25T型空调列车的空调系统及用于排风热回收的热管换热器的工作过程进行了分析,用热仿真软件icepak对夏季工况进行温度场仿真模拟,通过模拟不同风速下新风预冷后的温度,得到该换热器的热回收效率及热回收量与进口风速的关系,论证了该热回收装置的的可行性。     

埋管换热器的实验研究与数值模拟

以自制埋管换热器换热实验台为原型建立模型,用Fluent软件进行数值模拟,模拟进水40℃、45℃、50℃三种工况下连续运行8小时后,埋管换热器周围土壤的温度分布,并用埋管换热器换热实验台做相同工况下的换热实验,取埋深4m、埋深3m、埋深2m处共计12个测温点进行比对,验证数值模拟结果的正确性,并指导数值模拟模型的修正,最后利用数值模拟计算结果分析埋管换热器周围土壤的温度场特性。     

医院空调节能运行方案及其舒适性研究

采用K-ε湍流模型对病房内三维紊流流动和传热进行了数值模拟，计算得到单元式集中空调系统与全热换热器在三种不同运行模式下室内热舒适性指标PMV及PPD的分布情况。通过比较不同运行模式下人体活动区域内的热舒适性指标分布情况，确定空调系统与全热换热器的节能运行方案。     

地下水渗流对地埋管换热器换热的影响研究

为确定土壤源热泵中垂直单U型埋管方式下渗流对地埋管运行时周边土壤的温度波动及不同渗流速度对其换热的影响,采用整体求解法利用数值模拟软件参照大连某工程项目建立了地埋管三维非稳态传热模型,通过实验结果与模拟结果的对比验证其模型可靠性。对冬季有无渗流工况下运行的地埋管换热器进行数值模拟并将模拟结果进行比较分析。得出有渗流时地埋管换热产生的冷量不易集中在埋管侧,可解决土壤冷堆积问题并提高了埋管换热器换热效率的结论。冬季单位井深换热量增加33.4%,换热效率提高32.5%,有效减少系统初投资。     

采用铜铝复合管的翅片管换热器换热性能数值模拟与实验研究

提出采用一种铜铝复合管,用来替代传统的空调室外机换热器用铜管,可降低成本27.8%。首先通过数值模拟研究了Φ7管径的铜铝复合管与铜管翅片管换热器空气侧的传热与流动性能,计算结果表明,在入口风速为2.5m/s的情况下,与采用铜管的换热器相比,采用铜铝复合管的换热器空气侧的压力分布几乎不变,换热量降低3.12%,对性能影响较小。另一方面,对采用该模型的铜铝复合管换热器进行了性能测试,实验结果表明:铜铝复合管换热器换热量为8775W,与铜管换热器9101W相比降低3.58%,满足换热器标准要求。实验结果与数值模拟结果基本吻合,均证明这种新型铜铝复合管对换热器性能的影响不大,可用于空调的制造中。     

蒸发对流式换热器空调机组计算与试验研究

为了提高空调COP,本文提出了一种在冷凝器前增加蒸发膜降温的蒸发对流式换热器空调系统,并对该空调系统进行试验研究,使用公式拟合的方法研究出了增加蒸发对流式换热器后,耗水量、回风空气温度、冷凝温度和COP的变化规律。试验结果表明:相对湿度在90%以下时,COP试验值与计算值的误差在6%以内。国标工况下,该空调系统COP从3.39提高到3.91,提升幅度为15.3%。蒸发对流式换热器空调系统可以解决水蒸发的结垢问题和超高环境温度下压缩机高压报警问题,并且对空调风机功率、风量和制热性能影响非常小。     

环形热管空调系统与露点送风方式的对比分析

本文从设计工况和运行调节工况两个方面,对采用环形热管换热器的空调方式与传统的露点送风空调方式的两种全空气系统进行了对比分析.分析结果表明,采用环形热管换热器的空调系统能在不增加空调系统需冷量的前提下,通过增加少量风机能耗来增大送风量和提高送风温度,提高室内热舒适,在运行调节时能通过利用从空气中回收的热量提供再热,减少或消除冷热抵消造成运行能耗.     

家用变频空调器额定中间工况性能研究

采用试验与系统仿真相结合的方法,对R32制冷剂家用变频空调器在APF性能匹配过程中出现的额定中间工况性能不良现象进行分析。通过对制冷剂侧和空气侧的换热进行分析,明确R32空调系统额定中间工况性能偏低的主要原因。并对室内机换热器管路流程及管径进行优化设计,使得额定中间制冷工况制冷量提升4%左右,且空调系统APF提高3.8%。     

Evaluation of solid-desiccant-based evaporative cooling cycles for typical hot and humid climates

This paper presents an evaluation of various solid desiccant cycles for air conditioning in hot and humid climates. Psychometric evaluation of potential cycles for 16 typical Indian cities has been carried out with the objective of achieving standard comfort conditions in the room. Computer simulation is based on constant effectiveness of heat exchangers and evaporative coolers and actual performance data of a commercially available desiccant wheel dehumidifier. The influence of various outdoor conditions, the effectiveness of heat exchangers/evaporative coolers on the cooling coefficient of performance and volumetric air flowrate per unit cooling capacity have been investigated. It is found that amongst ventilation, recirculation and Dunkle cycles, the Dunkle cycle is better for a wide range of outdoor conditions. However, cycles using wet surface heat exchangers give even higher performance.     

空调用翅片管式换热器腐蚀及防护研究进展

空调用翅片管式换热器长期使用会受到一定程度的腐蚀,影响换热器的换热性能,导致整个空调系统的能效降低.本文介绍了翅片管式换热器3种主要的腐蚀机理:蚁巢腐蚀、点蚀和间隙腐蚀,从形貌、压降及传热特性3个方面分析了腐蚀对翅片管式换热器性能的影响,结果表明:翅片管式换热器腐蚀后,传热系数和换热量均减小,空气侧压降受影响较小,在5...     

正弦波纹翅片表冷器的传热及阻力特性实验研究

波纹式翅片具有良好的传热和阻力性能，应用于中央空调两器和末端设备中。以正弦波纹翅片换热器作为中央空调表面式冷却器进行了多种干、湿工况条件下的传热和阻力特性实验。对实验结果进行了分析处理，得出了正弦波纹翅片换热器的总传热系数关联式以及阻力特性的经验公式。实验结果对于中央空调两器和末端的设计具有重要的指导作用。     

Experimental investigation of adverse effect of frost formation on microchannel evaporators,part 1: Effect of fin geometry and environmental effects

This study experimentally investigated the frost growth on louvered folded fins in microchannel heat exchangers when used in outdoor air-source heat pump systems. The effects of surface temperature, fin geometries, and air environmental conditions were studied. The overall aim was to isolate and quantify the effect of geometry from surface temperature effects. Experimental data of frost weight, local frost thickness, air pressure drop across the coils, time of frost–defrost cycles and heat transfer rates were recorded. Data showed that the frosting time and the frost growth rates depended mainly on the local fin surface temperature. Lower fin density was beneficial because it delayed the blockage of the air flow. The fin length and fin depth had minor effects on frosting performance. The air humidity had a fairly significant effect on rate of frost formation while air velocity seemed to have a small effect on the frost growth rate.     

Frost formation on fin-and-tube heat exchangers. Part I—Modeling of frost formation on fin-and-tube heat exchangers

In this study, the heat and mass transfer characteristics of heat exchangers during frost formation process are analyzed numerically. Unsteady heat and mass transfer coefficients of the air side, heat transfer coefficient of the refrigerant side, air-frost layer interface temperature, the surface efficiency of the heat exchanger and the mass flow rate of the frost accumulated on the heat exchanger surface are calculated. The total conductivity (UA) and pressure drop of the heat exchanger are reported for different air inlet temperature, relative humidity, air mass flow rate and the refrigerant temperature.     

翅片管换热器空气侧换热模型在低气压环境下的适用性研究

本文总结了现具有较高认可度且具有相当预测精度的空气侧换热特性的理论预测模型,选用常规平直铝翅片铜管换热器在典型的空调工况(空气干球温度为27℃,湿球温度为19. 5℃,换热器迎面风速为1~4 m/s,入口水温为7~13℃,流速为1. 8 m/s)下,对现有模型在低气压环境(40~100 kPa)下的适用性进行分析研究。实验研究表明:在试验工况下,随着换热器所处环境压力的降低,常压模型预测值与实验值的偏差急剧增加至127. 4%^-36. 6%,且常压模型预测值普遍偏大。同时低气压环境下管排数的影响依然存在,且更加显著。基于本文实验数据对3个常压模型进行环境气压修正后,预测精度大幅提高:在试验工况下,最大偏差分别降至32. 63%、24. 91%和21. 74%,平均偏差为1. 79%、-2. 90%和-8. 59%,在±20%的误差带内修正模型预测精度比分别达到90. 97%、93. 75%和88. 96%。     

Evaluation of microchannel condenser characteristics by numerical simulation

This paper presents the development of a finite-volume-based numerical condenser model that considers important factors such as non-uniform air temperature and velocity at the front, fin conduction, refrigerant-side maldistribution caused by pressure balance between tubes, and air-side distribution for multislabs. Air-side and refrigerant-side microscale heat transfer and pressure drop correlations are carefully compared. The model results match well with lab test results for one-slab and two-slab microchannel heat exchangers on heat transfer and pressure drop. Several simulations are conducted to determine the impact of return air temperature, tube wall temperature, and non-uniform refrigerant flow rate. In addition, optimization results are analyzed by changing the number of flat tubes in each pass for both types of heat exchangers.     

Two-stage transcritical carbon dioxide cycle optimisation: A theoretical and experimental analysis

The aim of this paper is to investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, the potential of improving the cycle efficiency through two stage compression with intermediate cooling, at operating conditions typical of air conditioning. The experimental set-up consists of two closed loop air circuits acting as heat sink and heat source for gas-cooler and evaporator, respectively. The tested refrigerating circuit includes two tube-and-fin heat exchangers as gas-cooler and evaporator, a back-pressure valve as throttling device and a double-stage semi-hermetic compound, two-piston, reciprocating compressor equipped with oil separator and intercooler. A full set of thermocouples, pressure transducers and flow-meters allows measurement of all the main parameters of the CO₂ cycle, enabling to perform heat balance both air and refrigerant side. Tests were run at fixed evaporation pressure, evaporator outlet superheating and gas-cooler outlet temperature, varying the gas-cooler outlet pressure in the range 8–11 MPa. The optimal gas-cooler pressure for this application as well as the effect of the intercooler efficiency on the cycle performance were investigated.

A FORTRAN code for the simulation of an improved two-stage cycle was validated against the experimental results; a theoretical analysis performed with this code is proposed for optimisation and energy performance evaluation of such a cycle.     

汽车空调换热器特点及应用发展研究

汽车空调换热器（冷凝器和蒸发器）是汽车空调系统的董要组成部分，换热器的性能优化直接影、响空调系统的性能，并影响整车的紧凑型。针对蒸气压缩式汽车空调系统，总结其换热器的发展分类及各自结构特点，同时回顾国内、外对汽车空调换热器性能研究的发展，指出采用计算机辅助模拟技术来开发具有更好传热效果且结构更为紧凑可靠的换热器是汽车空调换热器的研究发展趋势。     

R134a单元式风冷冷风机组冷凝器设计

单元式风冷冷风空调机组普遍采用波纹翅片管冷凝器。对冷凝器进行设计的关键是确定制冷工质在铜管内的冷凝换热系数及空气在翅片侧的表面换热系数，同时也需要考虑空气流过冷凝器的压降，以便选择风机。采用数学模型及换热关联式计算相关参数，在此基础上对R134a单元式风冷冷风空调机组的冷凝器进行设计。