一种新型高效水基清洗剂的研制

以脱脂效果好、浊点较高的几种不同类型表面活性剂和无磷助洗剂、缓蚀剂等复配制成新型高效水基金属清洗剂。通过正交试验及对产品多种性能的检测,确定了研制的清洗剂的组成。研究了脱脂温度、脱脂时间对该清洗剂脱脂效果的影响。结果表明,该清洗剂稳定性好,常温下能有效地清洗物体表面的油污,对金属的腐蚀率低,不含ODS物质,对环境友好,可代替汽油、煤油、柴油、三氯乙烯等有机溶剂用来清洗各种金属材料及零部件,应用前景看好。     

2007年《清洗世界》（23卷）总目次

(括号内依次为卷次,期次,页码)试验研究氟硼酸体系中三聚磷酸钠对铝的吸附及缓蚀作用………………………钱锐,王佳,黄峰,等(23,1,1)AHC-1及AHC-5飞机表面水基清洗剂应用研究……………………李斌,张晓云,左新章,等(23,1,4)硝酸镧、硝酸铈在HCl介质中对铝的缓蚀作用…………………………李向红,邓书端,木冠南,等(23,2,1)超滤膜清洗剂及其性能研究………………………………………………关鲁雄,李娟,钟文毅,等(23,3,1)电化学法清除金属表面垢层的实验研究……………………………………廖振方,刘宁,刘晖霞(23,4,1)表面活性剂在HCl中对钢的缓…     

对水基金属油污清洗剂发展的认识

总结和回顾了国内外金属油污清洗剂的发展状况,对溶剂型清洗剂、水基型清洗剂、复合型清洗剂做了对比,重点对水基型清洗剂及其表面活性剂进行了总结和概括,水基型金属油污清洗剂取代溶剂型和复合型金属油污清洗剂是一种势在必行的发展趋势.     

环保气雾型水基泡沫清洗剂的研究

以绿色环保表面活性剂、缓蚀剂和去离子水等复配制成的弱碱性水基清洗剂基料,搭配填充合适比例抛射剂,经特殊填充工艺灌装而成的气雾型水基泡沫清洗剂。讨论了主要原料的选择与配比及抛射剂搭配对气雾型水基泡沫清洗剂的性能影响,并通过各项试验及产品性能检测,确定了制备气雾型水基泡沫清洗剂的基本配方,同时,提出了需要继续深入研究的问题。试验结果表明,以m(水基清洗剂基料)∶m(LPG)=10∶1为基本条件所得气雾型水基泡沫清洗剂,发泡性能良好,能有效清洗家庭及办公室家具、电器设备、汽车内饰和金属等硬表面的污渍,并具有良好杀菌效果,对金属物件的腐蚀率几乎为零。     

关于水基型清洗剂在飞机上的应用研究

水基型清洗剂是以水为基础溶剂,并进一步通过添加表面活性剂和其他化学试剂,从而完成物体表面清洗功能的重要清洗剂类别。本文在对水基型清洗剂相关内容进行简要概述的基础上,探讨了水基型清洗剂的作用机理,并以飞机为重要研究对象,梳理水基型清洗剂在飞机上的应用,并进一步探究了水基型清洗剂清洗效果的影响因素,从而为水基型清洗剂在飞机上应用水平的不断提升提供更多参考。     

一种环境友好型水基多功能油污清洗剂的研制

以新型阴离子双生表面活性剂、可生物降解非离子表面活性剂、无磷助洗剂、复合缓蚀剂、杀菌剂等复配制成弱碱性水基多功能油污清洗剂.通过正交试验及对产品多种性能的检测,确定了清洗剂的配方.试验结果表明,该清洗剂稳定性好,室温下5min去油污能力可达100%,能有效地清洗物体表面的油污,对金属的腐蚀率几乎为零,并有良好的杀菌性能,不含ODS物质,对环境友好.     

脂肪酶对水基油墨清洗剂洗涤能力的影响研究

采用阴离子和非离子表面活性剂复配体系,研究了不同脂肪酶用量下的水基油墨清洗剂性能。通过稳定性、腐蚀性、净洗力以及泡沫性能对一系列脂肪酶型水基油墨清洗剂进行了评价,优化了配方组成。结果表明:所配制的脂肪酶型水基油墨清洗剂具有良好的高低温稳定性;脂肪酶用量对腐蚀性无影响,含有脂肪酶的油墨清洗剂具有良好的抗腐蚀性能;当脂肪酶用量为0.4%时,体系的净洗力最强、发泡力最低。     

一种发动机外部清洗剂的研制

以环保有机溶剂、表面活性剂、螯合剂、缓蚀剂和去离子水等复配制得的专门用于发动机外部的水基清洗剂。结果表明;当质量分数m(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚)∶m(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)=4∶1~3∶2,添加量控制在4%~6%、有机溶剂7%~9%、缓蚀剂0.1%~1%、螯合剂0.3%~1%时,制得的清洗剂清洗效果较佳。该清洗剂稳定性好、常温下能有效地清洗发动机表面的油污,对金属的腐蚀率低,可代替汽油、煤油、柴油等溶剂用来清洗发动机外部及零部件,有良好的应用前景。     

高效重油污清洗剂的制备及性能研究

本文研制的高效重油污清洗剂是一款适用于基材为钢铁的前处理工业清洗剂,通过无机盐为助洗剂,复配多种高效的表面活性剂、乳化剂,进而对黏度较大等不易清洗的重油污起到剥离及清洗作用。研究显示：本品稀释液稳定性良好,对钢、铸铁等金属无腐蚀,清洗效率高达90%以上,能够有效去除基材表面油污,满足工业清洗剂相关行业标准,可适用于前处理脱脂除油工艺。     

水基印刷线路板油墨清洗剂的研制

研制了一种水基印刷线路板油墨清洗剂。研究了清洗剂中的氢氧化钠、磷酸三钠、三聚磷酸钠、硅酸钠用量对油墨去除率的影响。采用超声辅助清洗工艺,探讨了清洗温度和清洗时间对不同类型印刷线路板油墨去除效果的影响。油墨清洗剂的较优组成为:氢氧化钠6%,磷酸三钠2%,三聚磷酸钠2%,硅酸钠1%,氯化钠2%,亚硝酸钠1%,表面活性剂AES1%,表面活性剂K121%,表面活性剂SAS-601%。该油墨清洗剂具有良好的清洗能力,油墨去除率高。在清洗温度80～90°C、清洗剂中活性物质量分数为17%的条件下,对普通型线路板、烘烤型线路板分别清洗5～8min、45～50min,油墨去除率均可达100%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。