浅谈我国低阶煤提质技术在甘肃宏汇一期工程的创新实践

本文通过甘肃宏汇1000万t/a煤炭分质及煤焦油加氢精制综合利用项目一期工程,阐述了我国首套以低阶煤低温干馏煤热解提质技术在甘肃宏汇一期工程的创新实践。     

低阶煤热解制浆耦合技术探讨

国内已有十余种低阶煤热解提质技术处于建设、试运行阶段,然而提质固体产品(半焦)的大规模、高效率利用尚未取得实质性进展。介绍了我国低阶煤利用现状,分析了低阶煤及其热解半焦的性质,对低阶煤热解制浆耦合技术的工艺流程和工程进展进行了探讨。     

改善低阶煤成浆性能的试验研究

针对低阶煤煤质特性及成浆性能差的特点,采用低温热解提质改性和配煤技术研究了如何提高低阶煤成浆性;研究表明,低温热解后的低阶煤内水减少、孔隙率下降,有利于提高其成浆性,配煤法也可改善低阶煤成浆性能。     

低阶煤提质技术现状及发展建议

为实现低阶煤的高效利用,分析了我国低阶煤的煤质特征,阐述了国内外低阶煤压缩成型、干燥脱水和低温热解3类提质加工技术的主要特点,综述了国内外具有代表性的低阶煤提质技术的发展现状,重点介绍了国内低阶煤干燥脱水和热解提质的主要示范项目,并对我国低阶煤的利用提出建议。低阶煤热解提质后产物具有水分低,发热量高,不易自燃,便于运输和储存等特点,提高了可靠性和利用率,是未来低阶煤提质利用的重要方向。低阶煤的提质加工应充分考察我国不同地区低阶煤的煤质特征,逐步发展工艺条件温和,过程简单,适合我国低阶煤不同组成及结构特点的机械热压脱水工艺,适合与电厂集成的褐煤固体热载体法干馏技术等,同时开发多联产技术。     

低阶煤的分质利用技术现状及发展前景

针对以直接燃烧和单一转化为主的煤炭使用方式带来的资源浪费和污染环境问题,结合低阶煤的密度小、含水率高、挥发分高及热稳定性差等性质,分析低阶煤热解工艺的技术经济性及研究进展,阐述了粉煤热解-气化一体化、龙成低温热解以及低阶粉煤气固热载体双循环快速热解等先进煤炭分质技术,重点讨论了油气尘高效分离、半焦合理利用、废水深度处理等核心技术以及节能环保、全产业链配套等影响分质利用技术产业化的关键因素,展望只有解决了煤热解技术中关键核心技术、煤焦油高附加值深加工以及热解气利用等问题,才能在分质利用全产业链方面取得重大突破,实现低阶煤的清洁高效转化。     

我国低阶煤热解提质技术进展

简述了我国低阶煤热解提质技术的研发过程;介绍了LCC工艺、DG工艺、MRF工艺、循环流化床煤分级转化多联产工艺、煤拔头——煤炭综合利用新工艺等13种低价煤热解提质技术及其工业化应用情况;提出了推进我国低阶煤热解提质技术工业化进程的相关建议。     

蒙东褐煤热解气体产物排放测试研究

我国褐煤储量丰富，而蒙东占全国褐煤储量的77％，随着国内无烟煤、烟煤等优质资源日渐枯竭，褐煤成为我国动力煤的后续补充，尤其是褐煤改性提质后，半焦热值高，复吸不明显，同时副产高附加值的中低温煤焦油，因此改性体质成为蒙东地区广泛采用的加工利用途径。因褐煤改性提质时，既要保证焦炭产率又要提高焦油产率，因此通过试验确定蒙东褐煤热解特性，分析产物排放组成具有重要意义。本文利用热重分析仪和红外光谱分析仪对褐煤热解特性进行分析，为褐煤改性提质温度控制提供了数据支持与理论依据，有利于指导鲁新公司选择褐煤干燥与提质项目中最佳温度。     

低阶煤脱水及热解提质技术研究现状

针对低阶煤资源高效开发利用的问题,探讨了提质技术的必要性。综述了国内外低阶煤蒸发和非蒸发干燥脱水技术、热解提质技术的研究现状,简要说明了各类工艺技术的技术特点。并总结和探讨了我国低阶煤提质加工技术未来的研究方向:研发基于低阶煤多联产集成技术是解决高效利用丰富的低阶煤资源的有效途径。     

低阶煤的分质利用技术现状及发展前景

针对以直接燃烧和单一转化为主的煤炭使用方式带来的资源浪费和污染环境问题,结合低阶煤的密度小、含水率高、挥发分高及热稳定性差等性质,分析低阶煤热解工艺的技术经济性及研究进展,阐述了粉煤热解-气化一体化、龙成低温热解以及低阶粉煤气固热载体双循环快速热解等先进煤炭分质技术,重点讨论了油气尘高效分离、半焦合理利用、废水深度处理等核心技术以及节能环保、全产业链配套等影响分质利用技术产业化的关键因素,展望只有解决了煤热解技术中关键核心技术、煤焦油高附加值深加工以及热解气利用等问题,才能在分质利用全产业链方面取得重大突破,实现低阶煤的清洁高效转化。     

煤质特性对热解联产发电的可行性影响研究

以三种不同变质程度的低阶煤1kg/h规模的快速热解实验数据为基础,从能效和经济层面,对不同煤质特性的低阶煤通过热解实现提质和联产发电的可行性进行了探讨.研究发现,热解提质后煤质特性接近于烟煤的煤质特性,电厂锅炉掺烧半焦比掺烧原煤锅炉效率有不同程度的提高,并且该趋势随煤炭变质程度的降低而增强;另外,热解生成的低温煤焦油可为电厂创造可观的经济价值,干燥无灰基挥发分越高,碳氢比越小,焦油产率越高;但煤中全水分含量高,单位质量的原煤制得的焦油产率降低,经济性下降.     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.