王府凹陷油源与原油地球化学特征

王府凹陷青一段泥岩为最好生油岩；青二、三段为较差生油岩。与朝阳沟原油和三肇凹陷原油相比，本区原油具有低芳烃、低Ｐｒ／Ｐｈ、高（Ｃ_（２１）＋Ｃ_（２２））／（Ｃ_（２８）＋Ｃ_（２９）），碳同位素偏轻。生物标志物成熟度参数Ｃ_（２９）甾烷（２０Ｓ）／（２０Ｓ＋２０Ｒ）为０．５１～０．５４。油源对比认为原油来自本区青一段泥岩，原油在凹陷内可以从中心向边部作长距离运移。     

延吉盆地白垩系未熟油的生成与特征

吉林省延吉盆地白垩系未熟油目前主要见于德新凹陷大拉子组，埋深小于１０００ｍ，与同盆地的成熟油相比，芳烃和沥青质含量相似，而饱和烃含量低、非烃含量高，组分碳同位素轻（小于－３０‰），Ｃ２９２０Ｓ／（２０Ｓ＋２０Ｒ）值小于０．３５，Ｃ２９ββ／（ββ＋αα）值小于０．２５，烃转化率相近或略低。认为该盆地未熟油生成阶段的Ｒｏ值为０．３％～０．６％。建立了未熟油的生油模式。根据油源对比，德新凹陷未熟油主要来源于大三段和大一段油源岩。从原油γ蜡烷含量推断，未熟油源岩可能形成于咸水—半咸水环境；据原油∑Ｃ２７甾烷／∑Ｃ２９甾烷的值判断，未熟油的湖相生物贡献多于成熟油。盆地的未熟油重点勘探地区应是东部的德新凹陷和清茶馆凹陷。图５表２参４（梁大新摘     

中国陆相沉积中的低熟油气资源

低熟油气是我国的一种重要油气资源，在我国陆相沉积、尤其是东部第三系盆地中较为富集。原油的类型包括重质油、蜡质原油、正常原油、轻质同等。低熟油气的总烃馏分中常含有较多的生物标志物，成熟度参数Ｃ２９甾烷２０Ｓ／（２０Ｓ＋２０Ｒ）常小于０．４。其生烃组分有树脂体、木栓质体、一些种类藻以及经细菌改造的有机质。本文对低熟油的成因与生烃机制进行了探讨。     

塔里木原油饱和烃生物标志物分布特征

塔里木盆地陆相原油二环倍半萜烷系列中，Ｃ１５补身烷低于Ｃ１６升补身烷（Ｃ１５／Ｃ１６〈１．０），重排二环化合物丰富。这些原油的三环萜烷以低碳数（Ｃ１９￣Ｃ２１）化合物占优势，（Ｃ１９＋Ｃ２０＋Ｃ２１）／（Ｃ２３＋Ｃ２４）〉１．４；其中湖相油以Ｃ２１为主峰，煤成油以Ｃ１９为主峰。五环三萜烷中普遍富含Ｃ２９，Ｃ３０重排藿烷和Ｃ２９Ｔｓ及一个未知的Ｃ３０五环三萜烷。它们有较丰富的长链类异戊二烯烃，其中煤     

中国西北地区侏罗纪煤系油气形成（之二）

西北地区已发现的侏罗纪煤系原油绝大多数为低密度、低硫、中含蜡，饱和烃含量一般为７０％～９０％，并且以Ｃ２１以前的低碳数正构烷烃为主，全油δ１３Ｃ值多为－２９‰～－２４‰。成熟度分析表明，绝大多数煤系原油为正常成熟原油，少数为低成熟原油，没有未成熟原油。天然气中的重烃含量高，Ｃ２以上组分平均达２０％，δ１３Ｃ１值一般为－４５‰～－３５‰，多属接近油型气的混合气。在侏罗纪煤系有机质和原油生物标志物分布中，类异戊二烯烷烃中姥鲛烷占明显优势，即具有较高的Ｐｒ／Ｐｈ值；含有较高的二环倍半萜烷，而三环萜烷含量较低、三环二萜烷含量很低；五环萜烷含量丰富，约占萜烷总量的８０％以上；煤和炭质泥岩中Ｔｓ、Ｃ２９Ｔｓ、Ｃ３０重排藿烷和伽马蜡烷含量很低，而煤系原油和泥岩中这些化合物相对较高；甾烷含量明显较低，且以Ｃ２９甾烷为主，占４０％～８０％；重排甾烷含量相对较高，也以Ｃ２９为主。总体上，煤系原油与泥岩的生物标志物特征较相似，而与煤和炭质泥岩有较大差异。煤系泥岩是西北地区侏罗纪煤系地层中的主力油源岩，煤和炭质泥岩是次要油源岩。这一结论在西北地区侏罗纪煤系含油气盆地具有普遍性。     

孤南洼陷低熟油成因分析

济阳坳陷孤南洼陷低熟油的地质储量可达数千万吨，类似的由沙一段和沙四段烃源岩形成的低熟油在渤海湾盆地普遍可见。以孤南洼陷为例，讨论了低熟油勘探中的有关问题。明确提出判别低熟原油的指标是其Ｃ２９甾烷的异构化系数（其值０．３０～０．３５可作为上限值），ＯＥＰ及Ｐｒ／ｎＣ１７和Ｐｒ／ｎＣ１８可作为辅助指标。低熟原油可以是中等密度的高蜡油，其组分特征是高饱芳比和高非沥比。孤南洼陷生成低熟油的沙一段烃源岩为富含藻类有机质的油页岩，形成于半咸水—咸水、强还原的沉积环境。孤南洼陷低熟油形成阶段的Ｒｏ值上限为０．４０％～０．４５％，相应的深度为２３００～２５００ｍ；Ｒｏ值下限为０．６０％～０．６５％，相应的深度为３０００～３２００ｍ。咸水环境由富含藻类的有机质早期生烃，可能是最主要的低熟油形成机制。图２表４参８（邓春萍摘）     

准噶尔盆地原油地球化学特征与油源讨论

准噶尔盆地原油物性和生物标志化合物组合特征综合研究表明,玛北、夏盐、玛东等玛湖凹陷斜坡区的原油以二叠系风城组为主要油源,其地化特征可与西北缘原油对比;该夹原油中特高含量的一三环萜烷和较高的Ｃ２９甾烷０ββ／（αββ＋ααα）异构化比值主要受长距离运移作用的影响。石西油田、石南油田及陆南地区的原油以盆１井西凹陷的二叠系乌尔禾组为主要油源;马桥凸起和莫北凸起的原油以盆１井西凹陷的乌尔禾组为订油源,同时     

东濮凹陷北部地区低成熟原油生物标志物特征

通过对低成熟原油,烃源岩进行ＧＣ／ＭＳ、ＧＣ／ＭＳ／ＭＳ检测,探讨了低成熟原油的形成机理和油源问题,认为本区低成熟原油母质主要来源于低等水生生物,Ｅｓ１和Ｅｓ３＾－２段低成熟源岩为其烃源岩,沉积盐类是形成低熟原油的主要影响因素。     

未熟油与成熟油的混源实验,混源理论图版及其应用

苏北盆地不同成熟度原油混合的现象比较普遍。选择Ｓ７ 井典型成熟油与Ｔ６ 井典型未熟油,将它们按质量百分比混合进行混源实验,以验证混源对族组分、饱和烃、生物标志化合物等地球化学参数的影响。实验研究结果表明,目前勘探发现的“未熟油”, 其正构烷烃的主要来源仍是干酪根生成的成熟油。计算了成熟度参数Ｃ２９２０Ｓ／（２０Ｓ＋ ２０Ｒ） 、∑ｎＣ１５ ＋ ／∑ααα甾烷Ｃ２７ ～２９２０Ｒ及饱和烃含量之间的关系,并分析了实验数据与理论计算结果的差异。根据油气初次运移及二次运移对地球化学参数影响较小的特点,用排烃条件较差的油源岩自然演化的样品数据代表原始的不同成熟度原油,进行某一特定未熟油与不同成熟度原油的理论混源计算,绘制出理论图版。应用该图版,可计算各油田未熟油与成熟油的比例,还可分析成熟油的最大成熟度、油藏成藏时间、生物降解及油气运移等情况。     

松辽盆地白垩纪海侵事件与油气的早期生成

海侵事件是松辽盆地的重要地质事件之一,其主要特征是存在着甲藻甾烷和Ｃ３１甾烷,朝长地区长２０井原油为典型的未熟－低熟油。油源对比表明,未熟－低熟油的源岩与白垩系青山口组一段海侵地层有关,因而说明油气的早期生成与海侵事件密切相关。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.