1,2-聚丁二烯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备与性能

采用哈克转矩流变仪分别将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)及聚合物包覆多壁碳纳米管(P-MWCNT)与1,2-聚丁二烯橡胶(1,2-PB)共混,制备1,2-PB/碳纳米管复合材料。研究了MWCNT用量对1,2-PB的硫化行为、拉伸性能和导电性能的影响及硫化胶的动态力学性能。结果表明,将MWCNT与液体聚丁二烯(PB)研磨,可使聚合物包覆在MWCNT表面,提高MWCNT在1,2-PB橡胶中的分散性,增强MWCNT与1,2-PB的界面粘合力。1,2-PB与MWCNT共混所制得的硫化胶物理性能优于1,2-PB/P-MWCNT。MWCNT能显著提高硫化胶的导电性能。     

聚苯乙烯/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的阻燃性能

综述了近年来聚苯乙烯/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的阻燃研究进展,详细介绍了其热解性能（包括热解温度和玻璃化转变温度）以及燃烧性能（包括热释放速率、质量损失速率和成炭性）,并对相关机理进行了深入的探讨,分析了多壁碳纳米管含量、长径比、杂质及表面改性处理对相应复合材料的热稳定性及阻燃性能的影响。     

多壁碳纳米管氟化改性新方法研究

以聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）高温热解产生的含氟气体作为氟化剂与多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）反应制备了氟化多壁碳纳米管（F-MWCNTs）,并运用红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X-射线衍射（XRD）、接触角测试等手段对其进行了检测。结果显示,多壁碳纳米管表面有C-F键生成,样品结构未遭破坏且疏水性得到改善,取得了较好效果。与以氟气作氟化剂的传统方法相比,该方法操作更简单安全、成本更低,有望应用于工业化生产。     

高导电聚苯胺/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的制备与电性能研究

采用混酸处理法对多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）进行表面处理, 通过原位聚合法,以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,制备高导电聚苯胺(PANI)/MWCNTs复合材料。采用透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 、紫外可见分光光度计以及X射线衍射仪对MWCNTs和复合材料进行表面观察、结构测定与性能表征;使用两探针法测量复合材料的电性能,并通过平均电场理论和逾渗阈理论进行理论分析。结果表明,MWCNTs的直径约为60~100 nm,长度约为几十微米,酸化后MWCNTs表面引入大量—OH和—COOH;随着MWCNTs含量增加,导电PAM/MWCNTs复合材料的电导率增加,渗滤阈值的理论值为2.36 %。     

聚异戊二烯/单壁碳纳米管复合材料的合成和性能研究

采用稀土催化剂利用原位聚合的方法,把聚异戊二烯接枝到单壁碳纳米管表面,制备了聚异戊二烯（PIp）/单壁碳纳米管（SWNT）复合材料。扫描电镜（SEM）被用来表征聚异戊二烯-接枝-SWNTs样品,显示相当均匀的聚合物出现在单个的或几束碳纳米管上。碳纳米管同聚异戊二烯的良好相容性提高了复合材料的玻璃化温度。大比表面积的碳纳米管和聚异戊二烯基质材料的较强的相互作用是聚异戊二烯纳米/碳纳米管复合材料具有独特性质原因。     

基于碳纳米管修饰电极的酶生物传感器研究进展

文章综述了基于碳纳米管修饰电极的酶生物传感器研究进展,介绍了碳纳米管修饰电极的发展及基于其的酶生物传感器;重点介绍了此类传感器在环境农药分析与生命科学分析中的应用。     

Trends in Conducting Polymer and Hybrids of Conducting Polymer/Carbon Nanotube: A Review

Several conducting polymers, including polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(m-phenylenediamine), polynaphthylamine, poly(p-phenylene sulfide), and their carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposites are discussed in this review. The physical, electrical, structural and thermal properties of polymers along with synthesis methods are discussed. A concise note on carbon nanotubes regarding their purification, functionalization, properties and production are reported. Moreover, the article focuses upon synthesis methods, properties and applications of conducting polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites are focused. Nanotube dispersion, loading concentration and alignment within conducting polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposite affect their performance and morphology. The conducting polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites are substantially used in sensors, energy storage devices, supercapacitors, solar cells, EMI materials, diodes, and coatings.     

Capacitor Applications of Nanocomposite Films for Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-co-pyrrole)/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-co-pyrrole)/Copper Oxide

Polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotube, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/multi-walled carbon nanotube and their nanocomposites P(EDOT-co-Py)/multi-walled carbon nanotube and P(EDOT-co-Py)/copper (II) oxide, (CuO) in the initial feed ratio of [EDOT]₀/[Py]₀ = 1/5 were electrosynthesized on glassy carbon electrode by cyclic voltammetric method. Their characterizations were performed by cyclic voltammetric, Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion X-ray analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. To the best of authors’ knowledge, the first report on polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotube, PEDOT/multi-walled carbon nanotube, P(EDOT-co-Py)/multi-walled carbon nanotube and P(EDOT-co-Py)/CuO nanocomposite films were comparatively examined in 0.1 M NaClO₄/CH₃CN and in 0.1 M sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions. The highest specific capacitance for PEDOT/multi-walled carbon nanotube and polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite films were obtained as C_sp = 306 mF × cm^?2 for 3% multi-walled carbon nanotube and C_sp = 804 mF × cm^?2 for 1% multi-walled carbon nanotube, respectively. The highest specific capacitances were obtained as C_sp = 27.40 mF × cm^?2 and C_sp = 26.90 mF × cm^?2 for P(EDOT-co-Py)/multi-walled carbon nanotube includes the wt percent of 1% multi-walled carbon nanotube and P(EDOT-co-Py)/CuO includes the wt percent of 3% CuO, respectively. The C_sp of P(EDOT-co-Py)/CNT composite films were calculated as 9.43 and 11.49 mF × cm^?2 for 3 and 5% multi-walled carbon nanotube, respectively. In addition, The EIS results were simulated with the equivalent circuit model of R_s(C_dl1(R₁(QR₂)))(C_dl2R₃).     

The Electrical Properties and Conducting Mechanisms of Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Nanocomposites: A Review

This paper reviews the mechanism of the conducting process of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-reinforced polymer nanocomposites. Comparison of the two different mechanisms, the formation of the conducting network and the hopping of the electrons, are discussed. The paper also describes the critical factors that determine percolation thresholds or the conductivity of the nanocomposites. By summarizing the predecessors' research, some measures are put forward to improve the structure of the nanocomposites to get the samples that have the most extraordinary electrical conductivity with the lowest CNTs concentrations.     

A Novel Approach for Preparation of Nano-gold Particles/Carbon Nanotube Composites from Gold Film,Poly(ferrocenylsilane) and Acetylene

A novel approach for preparing nano-gold particles/carbon nanotube composites from gold film, poly(ferrocenylsilane) and acetylene has been developed. The morphologies of resultant nano-gold particles/carbon nanotube composites were examined. This paper is submitted to Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials to honor Professor Dr. Ian Manners.     

A Review on Polymeric Nanocomposites of Nanodiamond,Carbon Nanotube,and Nanobifiller: Structure,Preparation and Properties

In this review, an overview of various types of nanofillers is presented with special emphasis on structure, synthesis and properties of carbon nanotube, nanodiamond, and nanobifiller of carbon nanotube/nanodiamond, carbon nanotube/graphene oxide and carbon nanotube/graphene. In addition, polymer/carbon nanotube, polymer/nanodiamond, and polymer/nanobifiller composites have been discussed. The efficacy of different fabrication techniques for nanocomposites (solution casting, in-situ, and melt blending method) and their properties were also discussed in detail. Finally, we have summarized the challenges and future prospects of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanofillers hoping to facilitate progress in the emerging area of nanobifiller technology.     

A Review on Composite Papers of Graphene Oxide,Carbon Nanotube,Polymer/GO,and Polymer/CNT: Processing Strategies,Properties, and Relevance

In this review, particular importance is given to the fabrication and properties of carbon nanotube and graphene oxide-based paper-like materials (buckypapers). Different strategies for the reduction and functionalization of graphene oxide were also discussed. The chemistry of buckypapers is conversed with special emphasis on structure and essential characteristics of buckypaper. Various techniques for buckypaper processing have been critically reviewed including significance of each method. Moreover, importance of polymer/graphene oxide and polymer/carbon nanotube composite papers has been highlighted. Due to outstanding physical, thermal, and electrical properties, polymer-based buckypapers are potentially important as nanofilters, fuel cell components, and miniaturization of electrical connections.     

Immobilization of the Laccases from Trametes versicolor and Streptomyces coelicolor on Single‐wall Carbon Nanotube Electrodes: A Molecular Dynamics Study

In this work, we investigate the immobilization of laccases from Trametes versicolor (TvL) and the small laccase (SLAC) from Streptomyces coelicolor on single‐wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) surfaces. SLAC may potentially offer improved adsorption on the electrode, thus improving bioelectrocatalytic activity via direct electron transfer (DET). Laccase immobilization on SWCNTs is achieved non‐covalently with a molecular tether (1‐pyrene butanoic acid, succinimidyl ester) that forms an amide bond with an amine group on the laccase surface while the pyrene coordinates to the SWCNT by π–π stacking. In our approach, density functional theory calculations were first used to model the interaction energies between SWCNTs and pyrene to validate an empirical force field, thereafter applied in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In the simulated models, the SWCNT was placed near the region of the (type 1) Cu(T1) atom in the laccases, and in proximity to other regions where adsorption seems likely. Calculated interaction energies between the SWCNTs and laccases and distances between the SWCNT surface and the Cu(T1) atom have shown that SWCNTs adsorb more strongly to SLAC than to TvL, and that the separation between the SWCNTs and Cu(T1) atoms is smaller for SLAC than for TvL, having implications for improved DET.     

Association of CDKN2BAS Polymorphism rs4977574 with Coronary Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study and a Meta-Analysis

The goal of our study was to explore the significant association between a non-protein coding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4977574 of CDKN2BAS gene and coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 590 CHD cases and 482 non-CHD controls were involved in the present association study. A strong association of rs4977574 with CHD was observed in females (genotype: p = 0.002; allele: p = 0.002, odd ratio (OR) = 1.57, 95% confidential interval (CI) = 1.18–2.08). Moreover, rs4977574 was more likely to be a risk variant of CHD under the recessive model in females (χ² = 10.29, p = 0.003, OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.31–2.77). A breakdown analysis by age had shown that there was an 87% increased risk of CHD for females younger than 65 years (genotype: χ² = 14.64, degrees of freedom (df) = 2, p = 0.0002; allele: χ² = 11.31, df = 1, p = 0.0008, OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.30–2.70). Similar observation was also found in males younger than 65 years (genotype: χ² = 8.63, df = 2, p = 0.04; allele: χ² = 7.55, df = 1, p = 0.006, OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.11–1.90). p values were adjusted by age, sex, smoking, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Meta-analysis of 23 studies among 36,452 cases and 39,781 controls showed a strong association between rs4977574 and the risk of CHD (p < 0.0001, OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.22–1.31).     

Impact of Carbon Dioxide Pressurization on Liquid Phase Organic Reactions: A Case Study on Heck and Diels–Alder Reactions

Heck coupling reactions of methyl acrylate with various aryl bromides have been investigated using a Pd/TPP catalyst in toluene under pressurized CO₂ conditions up to 13 MPa. Although CO₂ is not a reactant, the pressurization of the reaction liquid phase with CO₂ has positive and negative impacts on the rate of Heck coupling depending on the structures of the substrates examined. In the case of either 2‐bromoacetophenone or 2‐bromocinnamate, the conversion has a maximum at a CO₂ pressure of about 3 MPa; for the former, it is much larger by a factor of 3 compared with that under ambient pressure. For 2‐bromobenzene, in contrast, the conversion is minimized at a similar CO₂ pressure, being half compared with that at ambient pressure. In the other substrates, including the other isomers of these three aryl bromides, the conversion simply decreases or does not change so much with the CO₂ pressure. To examine the factors responsible for the effects of CO₂ pressurization, the phase behavior and the molecular interactions with dense phase CO₂ have also been studied by visual observation and in situ high pressure FT‐IR spectroscopy. In addition, impact of CO₂ pressurization was also studied for the Diels–Alder reactions of isoprene with a few dienophiles like methyl acrylate, methyl vinyl ketone, and acrolein in the same solvent, toluene, but a heterogeneous silica‐alumina catalyst was used (the reaction system was liquid‐solid biphasic). When the CO₂ pressure is raised, the conversion monotonously decreases for the three dienophiles; however, the product selectivity changes with the pressure, in particular for acrolein. The FT‐IR spectroscopic measurements suggest that its reactivity is altered by interactions with CO₂ molecules under pressurized conditions.