航煤加氢精制装置催化剂匹配装填可行性研究

采用不同的催化剂进行航煤加氢工艺试验,试验结果证明,,采用FH-40A/FH-40B催化剂匹配装填与全部装填FH-40A催化剂进行对比,在满足产品w(S)＜1 μg/g,w(N)＜1 μg/g和溴指数＜150 mg Br/100 g油(即满足分子筛进料要求)的情况下,可以降低加氢精制反应的化学氢耗.     

FH-98加氢催化剂在石油三厂120万 t/a 中压加氢装置的应用

抚顺石化公司石油三厂120万 t/a 柴油中压加氢装置于2002年7月建成投产,并开车一次成功.2010年装置换用 FH-98加氢精制催化剂,工业应用表明,FH-98催化剂具有优异的加氢性能和高的加氢脱硫活性,加氢处理焦化汽油、柴油混合油,生产清洁柴油和合格的乙烯裂解原料.     

FH-40C催化剂在200万t/a焦化汽柴油加氢装置上的工业应用

中海石油炼化有限责任公司惠州分公司200万t/a加氢精制装置以焦化汽柴油为原料,目的生产乙烯料和硫含量符合欧Ⅳ车用柴油标准(硫≯50μg/g)的清洁柴油。该装置选用了抚顺石油化工研究院(FRIPP)开发的FH-40C轻质馏分油加氢精制催化剂,工业应用结果表明:FH-40C催化剂对焦化汽柴油适应性强,具有优异的加氢脱硫活性,生产硫含量≯50μg/g清洁柴油,操作条件缓和。FH-40C催化剂的成功使用也进一步拓展了该催化剂的应用范围。     

分子筛预加氢及后加氢生产D40溶剂油和3#白油

利用分子筛脱蜡预加氢和后加氢装置改产D40溶剂油和3^#白油，现有原料条件下，生产出硫和氮含量均小于1 μg·g^-1的合格生成油，满足二段脱芳催化剂要求，各项主要指标达到设计值，特种溶剂油产品质量与国外同类油品质量相当。     

FH-40A催化剂用于裂解汽油二段加氢反应性能和工业应用

阐述了抚顺石油化工研究院研制开发的新一代轻质馏分油加氢精制催化剂FH-40A的特点及用于裂化汽油二段加氢的反应性能,并介绍了FH-40A催化剂在中石油辽阳石化公司烯烃厂6×104 t/a裂解汽油二段加氢装置上工业应用的情况.     

FH-FS柴油超深度加氢脱硫催化剂的芳烃加氢性能

中国石化抚顺石油化工研究院（FRIPP）开发了最新一代的柴油超深度加氢脱硫催化剂FH-FS，对其用于几种含硫、氮和芳烃差异较大柴油原料的加氢精制试验结果进行了分析，重点讨论了芳烃加氢性能。试验在200 mL小型加氢装置上进行，在氢油体积比500∶1、反应压力6.4 MPa和体积空速(1.0～2.5) h^－1等工艺条件下，使用FH-FS催化剂，精制油硫含量均可降至50 μg·g^－1以下，同时可脱除更多的芳烃，使多环芳烃脱除率达到71.0%～80.5%，密度下降(0.016 1～0.026 9) g·cm^－3，十六烷值提高1.5～15.8个单位，可较大幅度提升柴油质量。FH-FS催化剂在反应温度比参比剂低15 ℃时，脱硫和脱氮水平相当，但多环芳烃和总芳烃脱除率仍比参比剂高10个百分点以上。FH-FS催化剂对于炼油厂生产低芳烃、低密度和高十六烷值的优质超低硫(S＜50 μg·g^－1)，甚至是无硫（S＜10 μg·g^－1）柴油来说，是一非常有效的催化剂。     

FH-40系列轻质馏分油加氢精制催化剂研制及工业应用

成功开发出性能优异的FH-40A/FH-40B和FH-40C新一代轻质馏分油加氢精制催化剂，该系列催化剂具有孔容大、比表面积高、加氢活性好及堆积密度小等特点。在同等工艺条件下，达到相同精制效果，FH-40系列催化剂比国内外参比催化剂活性高［（10～15） ℃］。工业应用结果表明，FH-40系列催化剂对原料适应性强，具有优异的加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮活性，是加工轻质馏分油的理想催化剂。     

全馏分催化汽油加氢脱硫工艺的标定与运行分析

中海油惠州炼化为了满足全厂汽油升级至国Ⅳ、Ⅴ标准的要求,新建一套50万吨/年催化汽油加氢脱硫装置。该装置采用全馏分催化汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术（CDOS-FRCN）,催化剂采用海顺德公司的催化剂专利技术。装置标定情况说明,催化汽油经全馏分加氢精制后,加氢精制汽油硫质量分数达到11 μg/g,硫醇硫质量分数达到10 μg/g,汽油辛烷值损失小于1.5个单位。二反入口温度对脱硫效果和辛烷值损失有很大影响,温度越高,则脱硫率越高,但辛烷值损失偏大。CDOS-FRCN技术能够有效降低汽油硫含量,减少辛烷值损失,可为炼油厂生产硫含量小于50 μg/g甚至10 μg/g的清洁汽油提供经济、灵活的技术方案。     

高温煤焦油馏分油加氢改质生产清洁燃料研究

采用加氢预精制催化剂、加氢精制催化剂、加氢裂化催化剂以及加氢饱和催化剂适宜的级配方式对高温煤焦油馏分油进行二段加氢改质,结果表明,高温煤焦油馏分油的性质经加氢改质后得到大幅度改善,密度由1 169.7kg/m3降低到900.9kg/m3以下,氢碳原子比由0.79提高到1.63以上,残炭降低到0.02%(质量分数);其石脑油馏分的硫、氮含量分别小于5μg/g和1μg/g,芳烃潜含量大于68%(质量分数),是催化重整的优质原料;其柴油馏分的硫含量很低,凝点和冷滤点均小于-30℃,十六烷值大于39,是国Ⅳ低凝柴油的优质调和组分;而加氢尾油基本由芳烃组成,不宜作为催化裂化的原料.     

FH-UDS催化剂对焦化柴油的加氢脱氮反应性能研究

采用 FH-UDS 催化剂对焦化柴油进行加氢脱氮反应性能研究,考察了温度、压力、空速等反应条件对加氢脱氮效果的影响.结果表明,以上海石化焦化柴油为原料,在反应温度为 380 ℃,氢分压为 8.0 MPa,体积空速为 1.0,1.5 h-1,氢油体积比为 500 的条件下,加氢精制柴油产品中的氮质量分数分别为19 μg/...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。