SML染色载体对涤纶微细纤维染色的影响

研究了环保型分散染料染色载体ＳＭＬ对涤纶微细纤维染色的影响,从其对涤纶微细纤维上分散染料的上染速度曲线,升温上染速率曲线,提升性,移染率以及染色织物的表观色泽浓度,颜色特性和染色牢度的影响来看,ＳＭＬ具有良好的应用前景。     

新型染色载体对涤纶织物染色的影响

研究了环保型涤纶染色载体对涤纶织物染色的影响。从其对涤纶织物上分散染料的升温上染速率曲线、恒温上染速率曲线、移染率、提升性以及染色牢度的影响来看,AB涤纶染色载体具有良好的应用前景。     

新型涤纶染色载体对常规涤纶织物染色的影响

本文研究了环保型涤纶染色载体对常规涤纶织物染色的影响。从其对常规涤纶织物分散染料的升温上染速率曲线、恒温上染速率曲线、移染率、提升性以及染色牢度的影响来看,DIE涤纶染色载体具有良好的应用前景。     

新型涤绝染色载体对常规涤纶织物染色的影响

研究了环保型涤纶染色载体对常规涤纶织物染色的影响。从其对涤纶织物上分散染料的开温上染速率曲线、恒温上染速率曲线、移染率、提升性以及染色牢度的影响来看,DIE涤纶染色载体具有良好的应用前景。     

新型涤纶染色载体对常规涤纶织物染色的影响

研究了环保型涤纶色载体对常规涤纶织物染色的影响。从其对常规涤纶织物上分散染料的升温上染速率曲线、恒温上染速率曲线、移染率、提升性以及染色牢度的影响来看，DE涤纶染色载体具有良好的应用前景。     

助剂对微细涤纶低温染色的影响

通过在常压低温下比较不同助剂对染料增溶作用的大小,以及对涤纶微细纤维上染百分率,升温上染速率曲线,移染率的影响,得出环保型助剂SJ可使涤纶微细纤维在常压98度下染色,并为涤纶与羊毛,蚕丝等纤维混纺织物用分散染料一浴法染色打下基础。     

促进剂BEA在涤纶分散染料低温染色中的作用

为更好地开发高效、节能、环保的涤纶分散染料低温染色新技术,研究了新型环保型促进剂BEA在涤纶分散染料低温染色中的作用和效果。通过考察BEA对分散染料在水中溶解性和对涤纶玻璃化转变温度的影响,证明促进剂BEA对分散染料具有增溶助溶作用,对涤纶纤维具有膨化增塑作用。通过相关染色试验进一步发现：促进剂BEA具有优良的促染作用,但促进剂用量存在一个最佳浓度,分散染料用量为6％(o.w.f)、染色温度为108℃时最佳质量浓度为0.8 g/L。在这个浓度附近,促进剂BEA的加入可明显提高分散染料低温染色涤纶的上染速率、上染率以及织物的染深性,其优良的促染作用可使低温染色效果接近甚至超过高温高压染色效果。     

非水介质染色体系中分散染料对涤纶/棉混纺织物的沾色研究

为实现涤纶/棉混纺织物的少水无盐、污水零排放染色关键技术，基于前期开发适用于非水介质中对涤纶的上染率较高的偶氮染料以及传统水浴常用的蒽醌和杂环染料，探究了非水介质染色体系中，分散染料结构、染色温度、促染剂、保温时间、分散剂对分散染料沾染棉纤维的影响及作用机制，并使用相对沾色率对分散染料在涤、棉上的分配进行表征。结果表明，在非水介质染色体系中，实验所用的蒽醌类分散染料对涤纶组分的上染率仅有12%,并不适用于该体系中对涤纶/棉混纺织物染色；而选用的偶氮类和杂环类分散染料对涤纶组分上染率在80%以上；非水介质染色体系中，加入极性小分子促进剂，不仅能够改善涤纶组分的溶胀，且借助分子的强极性降低分散染料在非水介质中的溶解度，提高分散染料对涤纶组分的上染率，从而降低分散染料对棉组分的沾色；染色过程中加入分散剂NNO,不仅不能提升分散染料的染色性能，反而影响其沾色率。根据分散染料对涤纶的上染率及相对沾色率，得出分散染料的最佳染色条件为：温度140℃、促染剂含量10%(o.w.f)、保温时间60 min。     

Minitab软件优化涤纶分散染料载体CNJ染色

将自制的环保型载体CNJ用于涤纶纤维分散染料载体染色。在单因素和正交试验数据基础上,使用Minitab软件对染色工艺进行各因素正交试验分析,得到分散染料涤纶载体染色的优化工艺:分散红E-4B2%(omf),环保型载体CNJ 10%(omf),染色温度100℃,保温时间60 min,p H值5~6。结果表明,与传统载体(水杨酸甲酯)相比,涤纶织物染色分散染料使用环保型载体CNJ,可达到相同的染色深度,且不会影响织物力学性能及各项染色牢度。     

涤纶的新型环保载体染色

研究了环保型无味载体HS-SET-1在涤纶织物低温染色工艺中的应用。结果表明,载体HS-SET-1能够明显改善分散染料在水中的溶解度,提高染料上染率。优化的染色工艺为:载体3%(omf),染色温度105℃,染色时间30 min。载体染色织物的颜色特征值与传统130℃高温高压染色的接近,且透染性好。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.