基于干扰观测器的污水处理过程控制研究

溶解氧浓度控制是污水处理过程的核心环节,恰当的溶解氧控制能改进过程性能,而且可以节约能源。但是由于入水水质水量的时变性、非线性和延迟等动态特性,使得基于常规PID的控制效果很不理想,常引起出水水质波动大、能耗高的问题。针对入水水质水量的扰动不确定性设计了基于干扰观测器的PID控制方法,仿真结果表明,此种控制方案鲁棒性强,能有效克服入水干扰的不确定性,具有实际应用前景。     

垃圾渗滤液污水处理设备的臭氧投加复合抗扰控制

垃圾渗滤液污水处理设备中的臭氧投加系统具有大时滞、大惯性和多扰动的特点,导致难以实时调整臭氧投加量,从而影响后续设备出水水质。针对以上问题,在水流量比例的控制方面提出一种基于扰动观测器的改进型Smith预估器与滑模控制相结合的复合抗扰控制。其中,滑模控制为主控制器,扰动观测器用于估计出系统的集总扰动并反馈至前向通道消除扰动的不利影响,以便于Smith预估器更好地进行时滞补偿。仿真和实验结果表明,复合抗扰控制相较于PID控制和自抗扰控制具有更好的控制性能和抑制扰动的能力,能够有效提高垃圾渗滤液污水处理设备的出水水质。     

基于dSPACE的直线电机复合控制算法研究

针对永磁同步直线电机在控制过程中由于复杂扰动的干扰,传统的控制算法难以对电机实现高精度位置跟踪控制的问题,提出了一种干扰观测器复合PID的控制方法,通过干扰观测器观测干扰,然后通过PID反馈控制方式抑制和补偿外部干扰.将所设计的控制算法在dSPACE半实物仿真平台上进行验证,目的是证明所设计的控制算法在实物上也能达到理想效果.实验结果表明,复合控制算法与传统的PID算法相比,有着较明显的精度提升.     

模糊自适应PID算法在磁悬浮实时控制系统中的应用研究

针对磁悬浮系统的复杂非线性及模型不确定的特点,采用模糊PID算法对其进行控制,以满足系统对动态性能和静态性能的要求;结合PID实时控制中的经验,建立合理的模糊规则,模糊推理机构根据不同的偏差e、偏差变化率ec对PID参数Kp、Ki和Kd进行自校正;在磁悬浮实验装置中进行实时控制实验,通过与常规PID控制效果的比较来验证模糊PID控制器的性能;在系统输入存在正弦扰动时,模糊PID控制器使系统响应过程中的振荡幅度得到明显减小,干扰对控制效果的影响被减弱;实验证明,模糊PID控制器具有较强的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力,对于磁悬浮这种非线性系统具有良好的控制效果。     

污水处理过程溶解氧浓度的有限时间抗扰控制

溶解氧浓度是影响污水处理的关键因素,有效控制溶解氧浓度,可减少曝气能耗、提高出水水质.然而,溶解氧浓度受进水流量、组分、浓度、天气等多源干扰的影响.为保证水水质,提出一种改进型有限时间扩张状态观测器,综合有限时间控制与改进型有限时间扩张状态观测器,设计一种改进型有限时间自抗扰控制,以克服污水处理中的扰动和不确定性.在污水处理1号基准仿真模型上,改进型有限时间自抗扰控制获得了期望的溶解氧调控效果.仿真结果表明,改进型有限时间自抗扰控制能有效估计总扰动、提高污水处理效果.     

事件触发策略下多AUV抗干扰固定时间编队控制

针对多AUV编队控制的模型参数不确定及未知海流干扰的问题,提出基于固定时间模糊干扰观测器的事件触发编队控制方法,该方法可保证编队控制在固定时间内收敛.首先,构造了固定时间模糊干扰观测器处理系统的集总扰动,实现固定时间内对扰动的精确估计.在扰动观测器的基础上,将指令滤波器与反步法结合,消除了多次求导产生的计算爆炸问题;其...     

潜艇推进器模型参考模糊自适应PID控制方法研究

本文主要介绍了模型参考模糊自适应PID控制在潜艇推进液压伺服系统中的应用。潜艇推进液压伺服系统因随外界环境的变化而变化,因此常规PID控制无法满足要求,本文采用模型参考模糊自适应PID控制对其进行控制,并对控制结果进行仿真分析,通过与传统PID控制进行比较从而得出该控制方法可以有效抑制负载干扰和参数扰动,具有很强的鲁棒性。     

液压舵机伺服系统灰色预测模糊PID控制

研究灰色预测模糊PID控制在液压舵机伺服系统中的应用问题。由于液压舵机伺服系统具有典型非线性和不确定性,传统的PID控制很难满足控制要求。为解决这一问题,提出了灰色预测模糊PID控制方法。在SimuIink中搭建液压舵机伺服系统的模型并进行仿真,灰色预测模糊PID控制无超调,调节时间为0．008s,消除干扰使系统再次达到稳定的时间为0．045s。结果表明：灰色预测模糊PID控制与传统PID控制、模糊PID控制相比,能有效加快系统的控制速度,缩短调节时间,提高控制精度,具有较强的抗干扰能力。     

一种改进的自抗扰解耦方法及其应用仿真

针对一类多入多出系统的解耦问题,提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)的动态解耦方法。将系统输入变量间的耦合作用,被控对象参数时变和外界干扰视为一个总的扰动,用ESO估计扰动并反馈到控制器进行补偿,从而实现动态解耦,对解耦后的子系统按照极点配置方法设计出控制器。采用参数动态确定法确定ESO的参数。上述动态解耦方法简化了解耦过程,放松了对系统模型精度的要求,计算量小,响应速度快,鲁棒性强。并通过对常压蒸馏塔模型进行仿真控制,并与模糊PID解耦控制方法对比,结果表明本方法有效可行。     

基于ESO的动态解耦方法及其应用仿真*

针对多变量系统控制中的耦合问题,提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器（ESO）的动态解耦方法。该方法将系统输入变量间的耦合作用、被控对象参数时变和外界干扰视为一个总的扰动,用ESO估计该总扰动并反馈到控制器进行补偿,从而实现动态解耦;对解耦后的每个子系统,分别设计出了基于误差最小二乘指标的神经元自适应PID（NAPID）控制器。该方法简化了解耦过程,放松了对系统模型的要求,计算量小、鲁棒性强。最后用该法对蒸馏塔进行控制仿真,仿真时使用混沌优化方法对ESO的参数进行了离线优化,并给出了与模糊PID解耦控制方法对比的     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.