加权PCA残差空间的加速度传感器故障诊断

针对加速度传感器在健康监测系统恶劣工作环境下易发生故障的问题,提出一种基于残差空间主元加权统计量的传感器故障诊断方法。首先,将传感器故障采用故障方向和故障幅度向量来表征,并求取传感器故障在残差空间的投影;其次,通过理论推导得出平方预测误差（squared prediction error,简称SPE）统计量与残差空间主向量中各元素呈平方关系,将各元素作为SPE统计量的非线性加权系数;然后,结合贝叶斯推论,采用加权后的SPE统计量计算累积贡献率,并将其作为传感器故障定位的指标。三跨连续梁数值算例结果表明,传统方法对两类常见的增益和偏差故障诊断率分别为5.45%和3.43%,所提方法的诊断率分别为69.8%和100%,且在两种传感器故障类型下均能准确定位故障传感器;意大利帕尔马Lamberti实桥测试数据的算例表明,所提方法对增益故障的诊断率达到77.58%,且能正确定位发生故障的传感器通道。     

自适应阈值故障检测方法在DAMADICS基准平台中的应用

非线性动态系统在实际运行过程中存在建模误差、测量噪音和外部扰动等不确定性,为此提出了一种基于自适应阈值的鲁棒故障诊断方法.该方法采用多层感知机网络建立正常工况的解析模型,采用外部椭圆约束迭代算法估计故障检测的自适应阈值范围,并采用了加权移动平均残差和自适应阈值包络轨迹设计了闭环回路的在线故障检测策略.以DAMADICS基准实验平台的19种故障为例进行了仿真实验,结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

改进的主成分分析方法在磁浮系统中的应用

为解决磁悬浮列车中多传感器系统的故障诊断和信号重构,提出了一种改进的主成分分析方法.该算法能够改进传统主成分分析方法在有相位偏移信号的系统中处理效果不佳的缺陷.算法理论证明过程也给出了实施改进方法的具体步骤.最后,在磁浮列车传感器信号系统中,基于改进前后的两种主成分分析方法,采用平方预报误差原则,分传感器有故障和无故障两种情况,把故障的检测结果进行了对比.算例结果表明,改进后的算法能明显提高故障的检测概率,降低检测误差.     

空调系统传感器自动故障诊断方法研究

针对空调系统运行过程具有非线性和动态特性的特点,提出了一种基于动态核主元分析的传感器故障检测方法。该方法采用核主元分析提取系统中的非线性冗余信息,建立核主元模型,再引入指数加权的定义,进行在线诊断的同时对模型进行实时更新,得到了改进的动态核主元模型。选择SPE统计量作为系统是否发生故障的依据。最后通过贡献图法实现了对故障变量的分离。将此方法应用于某地源热泵系统的传感器故障检测,结果表明,该方法能够实时更新核主元模型和置信限,成功分离故障变量,且和传统主元分析法相比具有更好的故障诊断效果。     

基于HPSO-RBF神经网络的瓦斯传感器故障诊断

针对瓦斯传感器常见故障,提出一种混合粒子群优化(HPSO)算法与径向基函数(RBF)神经网络相结合的传感器故障诊断新方法。文中首先采用HPSO算法对RBF神经网络模型参数进行了优化,在详细分析瓦斯浓度影响因素的基础上,建立了瓦斯浓度非线性预测模型。然后将瓦斯浓度预测结果与实际测量值相比较得到残差,并分析残差的变化趋势,从而实现对瓦斯传感器的故障诊断。实验结果表明,HPSO-RBF模型具有较高的预测精度,能够有效地诊断瓦斯传感器的故障状态。     

基于改进多尺度核主元分析的化工过程故障检测与诊断方法研究

针对化工过程数据的多尺度性和非线性特性,提出了改进多尺度核主元分析法.先利用小波变换分析测量数据的多尺度特性,然后采用核主元分析算法进行在线故障检测,对检测到的故障采用核函数梯度算法实现在线故障诊断,根据每个监控变量对统计量T~2和SPE的贡献程度,绘制贡献图,用于故障的分离.在监控过程中为解决核矩阵计算困难,引入特征向量选择方法.TE过程的仿真结果表明它能有效实现故障检测、故障诊断,与主元分析方法相比,显示出更高的过程监控能力.     

多变量统计分析方法在制冷故障检测与诊断中的应用研究

研究了多变量统计分析方法在制冷装置故障检测和诊断中的应用。对ASHRAE资助下的一组实验数据进行预处理,对其进行故障检测和故障诊断。对于故障检测,可利用平方预测误差(Q统计量)等统计控制变量来判断系统是否在正常运行状态。而对于故障诊断,第一次尝试采用各变量对于平方预测误差的负荷结合各变量的变化率来得到其对于平方预测误差异变的贡献率。从而快速利用变量的变化方向和程度判断故障类型。从结果分析,这种方法可以在众多变量中过滤掉不显著的变化,迅速找到故障主因。利用多变量统计分析方法可以实现对制冷装置的运行状态进行实时监控和诊断。     

蒸汽管网流量测量误差的在线修正方法与应用

针对蒸汽管网中蒸汽流量的测量误差较大,导致蒸汽在管理和调度中容易造成能源浪费的问题,提出了一种基于主元分析(principal component analysis,PCA)的蒸汽流量测量误差在线修正方法,首先,利用主元分析法对蒸汽管网中各节点的流量测量值进行滤波,去除随机性误差;其次,利用基于主元分析模型的平方预报误差(squared prediction error,SPE)判断蒸汽管网的负荷工况;然后,综合考虑流量的大小和方差,采用Lagrange乘子法对仪表的测量偏差进行数据协调;最后,利用残差矩阵对下一个统计周期内的数据进行在线修正.将该算法应用到钢铁企业的蒸汽管网中,实验结果表明,基于所提算法的误差修正软件对蒸汽流量测量误差修正后,累积误差比原来减少了99.09％.有效地消除部分检测误差,使蒸汽管网流量在总体上趋于供需平衡.     

基于KPCA与LS-SVM的化工过程故障诊断算法研究

针对核主元分析方法(KPCA)在复杂化工在线监控过程中初始故障源难以辨识的问题,该文提出了一种基于核主元分析和最小二乘支持向量机的集成故障诊断方法。该方法首先运用KPCA对数据进行预处理,在特征空间构建T2和SPE来检测故障的发生,然后计算样本的非线性主元得分向量,将其作为最小二乘支持向量机的输入值,通过最小二乘支持向量机的分类进行故障类型的识别。将上述故障诊断方法应用到Tennessee Eastman(TE)化工过程,多种故障模式下的仿真结果表明,该方法不但能有效地辨识故障,而且提高了故障检测和故障诊断的速度。     

基于多变量统计过程监控的盾构机故障诊断

由于盾构机安装有众多监测仪表,且依靠单变量过程监控和人工诊断方式已经无法满足监测的要求,因此引入多变量统计过程监控方法(MSPM).主元分析(PCA)是应用最广泛的MSPM技术,PCA根据盾构运行监测的过程变量和历史数据建立数学模型,并计算统计监控量T2和平方预测误差δ,以及主元空间和残差空间的控制限,分析过程变量是否发生异常.最后以盾构刀盘驱动系统和螺旋输送液压系统为例说明MSPM的详细应用.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.