振动信号过完备字典完整训练样本重构性能研究

针对用于训练过完备字典的样本集合中信号类型不足会影响到后续分析、分类和识别精度的问题,提出了一种基于过完备字典完整训练样本的滚动轴承振动信号压缩重构方法。该方法首先构造了用于字典学习的样本集合,使其尽可能多地包含各种信号成分;然后从所构造的多信号样本集合中随机选取K个原子作为初始字典,采用K-SVD算法对初始字典进行训练更新得到过完备字典,获得信号在K-SVD过完备字典上的最稀疏表示;最后利用高斯随机测量矩阵对振动信号进行压缩测量,并基于压缩测量数据采用正交匹配追踪(OMP)算法对原始信号进行重构。仿真实验结果表明,不同的训练样本集合对信号的重构精度有着很大的影响,且基于K-SVD过完备字典对信号进行稀疏表示时在较低的采样率下依然有着精确的重构性能。该方法在不丢失原始振动信号主要信息的情况下重构精度更高、重构时间更短。     

基于半监督最大间隔字典学习的故障诊断方法

针对有标记故障样本不足及传统半监督诊断方法识别率低的问题,提出基于半监督最大间隔字典学习算法(semi-supervised max-margin dictionary learning,简称SSMMDL)的故障诊断方法。该方法将无标记样本重构误差项添加至最大间隔字典学习算法模型中,通过最小化无标记样本稀疏重构误差项、有标记样本稀疏重构误差项、支持向量机的损失函数正则项和分类间隔正则项,实现字典和支持向量机的同步学习,从而获得判别能力较强的字典。在此基础上,运用稀疏编码获得测试样本的稀疏表示,利用基于稀疏表示的分类器进行故障识别。通过对转子不同故障进行识别,结果表明所提方法较相关对比算法识别准确率更高,可以满足机械故障在线监测的需要。     

基于空间-光谱字典的不完备高光谱图像重构

提出了一种新的空间-光谱字典学习方法,用于不完备高光谱图像的重构.根据高光谱图像具有丰富的空间和谱间相关性的特点,将高光谱图像分割成三维重叠的小立方体块,从中学习出能够对这些块进行稀疏表示的空间-光谱字典.首先固定字典,用非负正交匹配追踪法计算稀疏系数;然后固定系数,用梯度下降法更新字典,上述两步交替进行直到算法收敛.依据这种分块模型学习出的字典更符合高光谱图像的特点.在谱向上字典原子为物质的光谱反射曲线,在空间向上字典为普通二维空间块字典.最后将字典应用于不完备高光谱图像的重构,实验结果表明,该方法以较低的采样率获得了良好的重构效果.     

基于群稀疏系数估计的图像重构算法

基于稀疏表示的图像先验信息模型被广泛用于实现图像的重构中。针对稀疏表示中字典选择与系数估计的关键问题,提出了基于稀疏表示与非局部自相似性相结合的图像重构方法。首先通过欧氏距离的块匹配寻找相似图像块,并利用左右字典分别对相似图像块集合进行局部稀疏与非局部稀疏表示,以获得更稀疏准确的稀疏表示系数。进一步针对传统阈值收缩法对稀疏系数估计精度不足的问题,利用伯格曼迭代算法快速有效地求解重构模型,并采用线性最小均方误差估计准则(LMMSE)实现稀疏系数的估计,以保证对包含图像纹理细节信息的小系数的精确估计。实验结果表明,本文方法不仅在PSNR等客观指标上达到了目前先进水平,而且重构后图像拥有更为丰富的细节信息,整体视觉效果更加清晰。     

基于训练局部字典的倒装芯片高频超声检测信号稀疏去噪方法

针对高频超声检测倒装芯片缺陷的精度易受噪声影响以及高频超声信号维度高的问题,提出一种基于K-奇异值分解(K-Singular value decomposition, K-SVD)训练局部字典的高频超声信号稀疏去噪方法。采用K-SVD训练字典来减小信号与字典中原子之间的误差,并针对K-SVD不能训练高维度字典的问题,将高频超声信号分段,在低维度字典上对局部信号进行稀疏分解,从而降低训练字典和稀疏分解的计算复杂度;利用信号的全局最大后验概率(Maximum a posteriori probability, MAP)估计重构信号,消除因局部处理带来的信号跳变,实现高频超声信号的去噪。仿真和试验结果证明,提出的方法能够有效的去除高频超声信号中的噪声,与在全局字典上进行高频超声信号的稀疏分解相比,采用局部训练字典对信号进行稀疏分解在保证去噪性能的同时降低了计算复杂度。     

基于跨尺度字典学习的图像盲解卷积算法

在模糊核未知情况下利用模糊图像对清晰图像进行复原称为图像盲解卷积问题,这是一个欠定逆问题,现有的大部分算法通过引入模糊核和清晰图像的先验知识来约束问题的解空间.本文提出了一种基于跨尺度字典学习的图像盲解卷积算法,采用降采样图像训练稀疏表示的字典,并将图像纹理区域在该字典下的稀疏表示作为正则化约束引入盲解卷积目标函数中....     

基于字典学习和稀疏编码的振动信号去噪技术

针对现有机械振动信号去噪算法需要一定先验知识的问题,提出了一种基于字典学习和稀疏编码的自适应去噪滤波方法。根据信号的本质特性,应用在线字典学习方法对原始数据进行学习和训练,寻求数据驱动的最优字典空间。引入正交匹配追踪算法,确定原始信号在最优字典空间上的稀疏表示。基于稀疏编码和优化字典,重构原始信号,实现信号去噪。仿真和试验结果表明,相对于现有去噪方法,基于字典学习和稀疏编码的方法自适应能力强,去噪效果好。     

改进的稀疏表示遥感图像超分辨重建

为了进一步提高遥感图像超分辨效果,提高超分辨重建速度。针对以往稀疏超分辨算法中更容易丢失边缘信息和引入噪声的问题,本文改进了特征提取算子,以对称近邻滤波(SNN)代替高斯滤波,重点解决特征空间中的字典学习问题。首先,根据遥感图像退化模型生成训练样本图像,并分别对高、低分辨率遥感图像进行7×7分块,生成字典训练样本。然后,建立连接高、低分辨率图像空间的双参数联合稀疏字典,将字典学习过程中的稀疏系数分解为系数权值和字典原子的乘积,依据字典原子指标训练和更新字典,得到高低分辨率联合字典映射矩阵。最后,进行遥感图像超分辨稀疏重构。实验结果表明:与当前最先进的稀疏表示超分辨算法相比,本文算法得到的超分辨重建遥感图像的主观效果更好,恢复出更多的地物细节信息;客观评价参数峰值信噪比(PSNR)提高约1.7dB,结构相似性(SSIM)提高约0.016。改进的稀疏表示超分辨算法可以有效地提高遥感图像超分辨效果,同时降低重建时间。     

基于终止准则改进K-SVD字典学习的稀疏表示特征增强方法

针对传统K奇异值分解(K-Singular value decomposition, K-SVD)算法在稀疏表示过程中,由于目标信号稀疏度难以确定以及字典原子受噪声干扰大导致稀疏表示效果较差的问题,结合变分模态分解(Variational mode decomposition, VMD)算法,提出了基于VMD与终止准则改进K-SVD字典学习的稀疏表示方法。借助VMD算法剔除信号中的干扰分量,依据相关分析与峭度准则选择最优模态分量;采用终止准则改进的K-SVD字典学习算法对最优分量的特征信息进行学习,优化目标函数与约束条件,在无需设置稀疏度的前提下,构造出准确匹配故障冲击成分的字典;此外,构建一种残差阈值改进的正交匹配追踪算法(OMPerr)实现稀疏重构及微弱故障特征增强。通过仿真及试验信号进行验证,结果表明:基于VMD与改进K-SVD字典学习的稀疏表示方法在字典原子构建、稀疏重构精度以及故障特征增强等方面均优于传统K-SVD稀疏表示方法,可以有效实现微弱故障的诊断。     

基于过完备字典稀疏表示振动信号压缩感知方法

针对传统基于奈奎斯特采样定理的采集系统采样振动信号时会产生大量的数据,给存储、传输和处理带来困难的问题,提出了一种基于过完备字典稀疏表示振动信号压缩感知方法。分析了经典字典学习算法,如MOD算法、K-SVD算法和双稀疏字典学习算法,重点研究了经典字典学习算法训练振动信号构造过完备字典对振动信号的压缩重构精度的影响。仿真测试结果表明,当振动信号压缩率在60%~90%时,基于双稀疏字典算法构造的过完备字典压缩重构相对误差比基于MOD算法和K-SVD算法都小。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.