壳聚糖／醋酸纤维素渗透汽化共混膜的研究Ⅰ．膜的制备及其渗透汽化性能

本文以壳聚糖（ＣＳ）和醋酸纤维素（ＣＡ）为膜材料，研究了ＣＳＣＡ渗透汽化共混膜的制膜条件，分析了该膜的渗透汽化性能及影响因素。结果表明：ＣＳＣＡ共混膜对乙醇－水混合液具有良好的渗透汽化分离性能，适合分离浓度为５０ｗｔ％～９０ｗｔ％的乙醇水溶液     

壳聚糖／醋酸纤维素渗透汽化共混膜的研究：Ⅰ.膜的制备及其渗透汽？…

本文以壳聚糖和醋酸纤维素为膜材料，研究了ＣＳＣＡ渗透汽化共混膜的制膜条件，分析了该膜的渗透汽化性能及影响因素。结果表明：ＣＳＣＡ共混膜对乙醇－水混合液具有良好的渗透汽化分离性能，适合分离浓度为５０ｗｔ％－９０ｗｔ％的乙醇水溶液。     

碱金属盐改性PVA-MA酯化交联膜的制备与表征

以红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜表征碱金属盐改性聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）－马来酸（ＭＡ）酯化交联膜的结构与表面形态,研究了含碱金属盐ＰＶＡ－ＭＡ交联膜对乙醇－水混合物的分离性能。盐含量低于６％（质量分数）时,膜的渗透通量明显增加,原料液乙醇浓度为９５％时,分离系数也增大。     

分离有机水溶液的聚离子复合膜（Ⅰ）

进行了ＰＡＮ多孔膜的表面水解改性及聚离子复合改性，探讨了水解反应温度、碱液浓度、水解时间等对膜的渗透汽化分离性能的影响。结果表明，ＰＡＮ超滤膜经水解和聚离子复合改性后，可制成性能优良的渗透汽化膜。用于对乙醇水溶液进行渗透汽化分离，当进料浓度为９０％（ｗｔ），进料温度为６４℃时，渗透通量为１２００ｇ／ｍ２．ｈ左右，分离因子为２４０。     

分离有机水溶液的聚离子复合膜（I）

进行了ＰＡＮ多孔膜的表面水解改性及聚离子复合改性，探讨了水解反应温度、碱液浓度１水解时间等对膜的渗透汽化分离性能的影响。结果表明，ＰＡＮ超滤膜经水解和聚离了复合改性后，可制成性能优良的渗透汽化膜，用于对乙醇水溶液进行渗透汽化分离，当进料浓度为９０％（ｗｔ），进料温度为６４℃时，渗透通量为１２００ｇ／ｍ＾２，ｈ左右，分离因子为２４０。     

壳聚糖渗透汽化膜分离醇／水的性能Ⅰ．壳聚糖均质膜

研究了壳聚糖（ＣＳ）的制膜方法，试制出对高浓度乙醇水溶液的分离具有较好渗透汽化性能的硫酸交联透水膜，该膜对８０ｗｔ％乙醇水溶液的分离具有最高的ＰＳＩ值（α×Ｊ）。实验还表明膜的分离系数（α）值随乙醇浓度的下降而下降；制成复合膜后膜的稳定性能可大大提高     

渗透汽化膜机理研究

用顺丁烯二酸酐对聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）进行交联制得渗透汽化膜,并用于水－乙醇渗透汽化分离,研究了膜的溶胀平衡过程及选择溶解与渗透汽化关系,结果表明,膜对水优先溶解,其分离系数主要由溶解选择性控制,透过速率主要由溶胀度控制。     

利用膜分离技术回收正丁醇／水混合液的工艺研究

研究了聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）／聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）、海藻酸钠（ＳＡ）／ＰＡＮ复合膜及海藻酸钠／醋酸纤维素（ＣＡ）共混膜等五种膜的渗透汽化特性,发现它们对正丁醇／水的混合液均表现为水优先透过,其渗透通量与选择分离系整都很高。并初步确定了正丁醇／水混合液渗透汽化分离的工业生产操作条件。     

热致性液晶共聚酯／聚丙烯共混物

通过熔融共混制备了不同配比的（ＰＨＢ／ＰＥＴ）／ＰＰ共混物，研究表明，共混物的弯曲弹性模量，弯曲强度及拉伸强度均比ＰＰ有所提高，当液晶含量为１５％，ＰＰ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ为２０％时，（ＰＨＢ／ＰＥＴ）（ＰＰ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ）／ＰＰ三元共混物弯曲弹性模量最大，ＰＰ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ作为两相界面相容剂，改善了两相间的亲合性。ＤＳＣ分析表明，共混物中ＰＰ相的结晶温度有较大幅度的提高，（ＰＨＢ／ＰＥＴ）共聚酯起了ＰＰ结晶     

壳聚糖渗透汽化膜分离醇／水的性能：Ⅰ.壳取糖均质膜

研究了壳聚糖的制膜方法，试制出对高浓度乙醇水溶液的分离具有较好渗透汽化性能的友本爱水膜，该膜对８０ｗｔ％乙醇水溶液的分离具有最高的ＰＳＩ值。实验还表明膜的分离系数值随乙醇浓度的下降而下降；制成复全膜后膜的稳定性能要大大提高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。