碳纳米管纸/聚合物复合材料制备及其性能研究进展

碳纳米管纸(又称巴基纸)/聚合物复合材料是纸状的碳纳米管薄层和聚合物复合制成的新型高性能复合材料。巴基纸/聚合物复合材料的制备方法主要有真空过滤热压法、原位电化学法和等离子体法。此种新型碳纳米管复合材料具有优异的电磁屏蔽、力学和电学性能。综述了巴基纸/聚合物复合材料的制备方法、性能及其应用前景。     

石墨烯/聚合物基复合材料3D打印成型研究进展

石墨烯因其优异的特性,被广泛用于制备聚合物基复合材料,而3D打印作为一种新兴的成型加工方式,正越来越多地应用到石墨烯/聚合物基复合材料的成型制造当中。本文介绍石墨烯/聚合物基复合材料的溶液混合、熔融混合以及原位聚合三种主要制备方式,重点论述喷墨打印成型、熔融沉积成型、立体光固化成型、选择性激光烧结等目前国内外用于石墨烯/聚合物基复合材料成型的3D打印方式及其各自的优势和劣势,以及3D打印成型的石墨烯/聚合物基复合材料制件在电子、能源、生物医学和航空航天等领域的应用,最后指出可打印性好、石墨烯分散均匀、功能特性优异的石墨烯/聚合物基复合材料的研制将会是未来该方向的研究重点。     

POSS/聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展

多面体低聚物倍半硅氧烷(POSS)由于其特殊的笼型结构、纳米尺寸,在制备POSS/聚合物纳米复合材料方面受到了广泛关注。介绍了POSS/聚合物纳米复合材料的主要制备方法(原子转移自由基聚合法、自由基聚合法、共混法、乳液聚合法等),还介绍了POSS-聚合物的分子结构,POSS/聚合物纳米材料的形貌、结晶及其影响因素。指出了POSS/聚合物纳米复合材料研究的问题,展望了POSS/聚合物未来的发展趋势。     

聚合物/无机纳米复合材料的制备与应用进展

聚合物/无机纳米复合材料是聚合物改性领域中极为重要的研究方向,这类材料的制备方法是材料研究中难点和热点所在。主要对聚合物/无机纳米复合材料研究中几种重要的制备方法和国内外应用进展进行综述,重点介绍并比较纳米粒子直接分散法、溶胶-凝胶法、插层法、原位聚合法、有机-无机纳米复合膜法等方法的原理和特点。同时较为详细地介绍了聚合物/无机纳米复合材料在高性能复合材料和功能性复合材料研发中的应用情况和研究进展,并对现有研究中存在的问题进行分析,展望可开展的研究工作。     

乳液聚合法制备纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料的研究进展

纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料结合了纳米ZnO优异的物理化学性能和聚合物易加工、高强度的特点,可广泛应用在电子、环保、化工、生物工程等领域。乳液聚合法因工艺简单、安全,条件温和,成本低等优点被广泛用于制备纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料。对乳液聚合法制备纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料的研究现状进行了综述。首先阐述了制备纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料的乳液聚合方法,并对各种方法进行比较;然后归纳了纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料的形成机理,并对纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料在光电、抗紫外与抗菌、涂料等方面的应用现状进行了总结;最后,提出了纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料未来的发展方向。     

聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料的插层制备方法

介绍了插层制备聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料的主要方法:剥离-吸附法、原位聚合插层法、熔融插层法和模板合成法;对插层法制备聚合物今后的研究方向提出一些建议.     

TiB2/Al复合材料制备工艺的研究进展

TiB2/Al复合材料是一种很有潜力的复合材料,在耐磨、航天航空等领域有着广阔的应用前景.目前TiB2/Al复合材料的制备工艺方法主要为原位自生法,如自蔓延高温合成、原位反应生成法、接触反应法和机械合金化法等,而粉末冶金法、喷射沉积法以及挤压铸造法等也逐渐被用于制备TiB2/Al复合材料.主要综述了目前国内外TiB2/Al复合材料制备工艺的研究进展,并对不同工艺的制备过程及利用该工艺所制备的TiB2/Al复合材料的情况进行了详细论述,指出了各种制备工艺的优缺点,展望了其研究趋势.     

层状双金属氢氧化物/高分子纳米复合材料的研究进展

层状双金属氢氧化物(LDH)是一种近年来被广泛关注的阴离子型粘土,它在高分子纳米复合材料(PNC)领域拥有非常广阔的应用前景。已有的研究证实,LDH对聚合物的热稳定性,机械性能,阻燃性能等诸多性能都有影响。目前,制备LDH/PNC的方法主要有4种:溶液插层法,原位聚合法,熔融插层法和模板合成法。以这4种制备方法为基础,介绍了LDH/PNC的制备方法,总结了LDH对聚合物性能的影响,评价了LDH在PNC领域的应用前景。     

原位聚合法在石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料中的应用（英文）

石墨烯作为一种新型炭材料,2004年通过简单的机械剥离方法制备得到。而氧化石墨烯作为石墨烯的氧化状态,其基面和边缘上存在大量的含氧官能团,可以很好地分散在水中,因而具有很好的加工性和广阔的应用前景,引起了学界的广泛重视。原位聚合法作为一种常用聚合方法,被广泛应用于合成石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料。本文着重介绍了石墨烯及氧化石墨烯的定义、不同的制备方法、原位聚合法的基本原理,及其在石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料制备过程中的应用进展。     

含银微纳米复合材料在生物医学应用的研究进展

近些年来,微纳米复合材料发展十分迅速。微纳米复合材料通常由两种或以上的不同材料组成在一个单元结构里,藉此具有多功能的、功能增强或协同增强的特性。含银微纳米复合材料是其中重要的研究分支,在当前生物医学应用中取得了众多的功能集成或功能增强等研究成果。主要综述了银/聚合物和银/氧化铁两类微纳复合材料,首先总结了银/聚合物和银/氧化铁微纳复合材料的制备方法,包括乳液聚合法、原位生成/还原法、空穴法、离子交换法、一锅法、种子法、静电作用法以及胶束法等;其次,总结了银/聚合物和银/氧化铁复合材料在表面增强拉曼散射、光学成像、抗菌抗癌、免疫检测、电化学检测、催化降解等生物医学领域的应用,以及对未来发展趋势的展望。     

Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticle composite with poly(p-Br-phenylsilane)

The one-pot synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticle-poly(p-Br-phenylsilane) composites have been carried out. The conversion of silver(+1) salt to stable silver(0) nanoparticles is promoted by poly(p-Br-phenylsilane), Br-PPS possessing both possible reactive Si-H bonds in the polymer backbone and C-Br bonds in the substituents. The composites were characterized using XRD, TEM, FE-SEM, and solid-state UV-vis analytical techniques. TEM and FE-SEM data show the formation of the composites where large number of silver nanoparticles (less than 30 nm of size) are well dispersed throughout the Br-PPS matrix. XRD patterns are consistent with that for fcc-typed silver. The elemental analysis for Br atom and the polymer solubility confirm that the cleavage of C-Br bond and the Si-Br dative bonding were not occurred appreciably at ambient temperature. Nonetheless, TGA data suggest that some sort of cross-linking was occurred at high temperature. The size and processability of such nanoparticles depend on the ratio of metal to Br-PPS. In the absence of Br-PPS, most of the silver particles undergo macroscopic aggregation, which indicates that the polysilane is necessary for stabilizing the silver nanoparticles.     

氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖层层自组装复合膜的制备及其在环保领域中的应用

利用层层自组装技术将氧化石墨烯与壳聚糖进行自组装,制备出一种新型的氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖复合膜,并利用原位合成的方法引入纳米银粒子。采用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和原子吸收等分析方法对复合膜的自组装行为和催化性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,氧化石墨烯与壳聚糖可通过层层自组装技术制备出新型复合膜,这种复合膜可包裹纳米银粒子,膜内纳米银粒子对4-硝基苯酚的催化活性较高,并且可实现循环使用。此外,在稳定性实验中,复合膜不会释放纳米银粒子或银离子,避免了给水体带来二次污染。因此,这种材料在水处理等环保领域中可能具有巨大的潜在实用价值。     

Polyindole/ carboxylated-multiwall carbon nanotube composites produced by in-situ and interfacial polymerization

Composites of polyindole (PIn), a conducting polymer, with carboxylated-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNT/PIn) were synthesized; the synthesis was done using (i) two miscible solvents (in-situ method) and (ii) two immiscible solvents (interfacial method). A tubular composite, with a uniform coating of the polymer over c-MWCNTs, was observed in the case of interfacial synthesis. However, the in-situ synthesis of c-MWCNT/PIn composites exhibited a densely packed spherical morphology, with c-MWCNT incorporated within the polymer spheres. The spherical morphology was probably obtained due to fast polymerization kinetics and the formation of micelles in case of in-situ polymerization, whereas tubular morphology was obtained in case of interfacial polymerization due to the sufficient time provided for the growth of polymer chains over the c-MWCNT surfaces. Nanoscale electrical properties of composites, in a metal/(c-MWCNT/PIn) configuration, were studied using current sensing atomic force microscopy. Interfacial c-MWCNT/PIn composite, on Al metal substrate, exhibited a typical rectifying diode behavior. This composite had manifested enormous potential for electronic applications and fabrication of nanoscale organic devices.     

Aqueous synthesis of silver nanoparticle embedded cationic polymer nanofibers and their antibacterial activity

This paper describes the one-pot, aqueous synthesis of cationic polymer nanofibers with embedded silver nanoparticles. Poly[2-(tert-butylaminoethyl) methacrylate] (PTBAM) was used as a cationic polymer substrate to reinforce the antimicrobial activity of the embedded silver nanoparticles. Electron microscope analyses revealed that the as-synthesized nanofibers had diameters of approximately 40 nm and lengths up to about 10 μm. Additionally, silver nanoparticles of approximately 8 nm in diameter were finely embedded into the prepared nanofibers. The embedded silver nanoparticles had a lower tendency to agglomerate than colloidal silver nanoparticles of comparable size. In addition, the nanofibers with embedded silver nanoparticles exhibited excellent antibacterial performance against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, the prepared nanofibers exhibited enhanced bactericidal performance compared with the silver-embedded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers, presumably because of the antibacterial properties of the PTBAM substrate.     

Improving the through-thickness thermal and electrical conductivity of carbon fibre/epoxy laminates by exploiting synergy between graphene and silver nano-inclusions

Fibre-reinforced polymer composites typically feature low functional (e.g., electric and thermal conductivity) and structural (e.g. mechanical strength and fracture toughness) properties in the laminate’s thickness direction. In the event of lightning strikes, overheating, and impact by foreign objects, composite laminates may suffer wide spread structural damage. This research explores the synergistic physical interaction between two-dimensional nanostructured (graphene nano-platelets) and, zero- or one-dimensional conductive fillers (silver nanoparticles or silver nanowires, respectively) when both are dispersed in fibre–polymer laminates. The results reveal a synergistic improvement in the through-thickness thermal conductivity that is more than the additive improvements by each constituent. Specifically, the simultaneous inclusion of graphene nano-platelets and silver nanoparticles/nanowires at a combined loading of 1 vol% resulted in approximately 40% enhancement in the through-thickness thermal conductivity while the inclusion of graphene nano-platelets alone at the same loading resulted only in 9% improvement. Similarly, the through-thickness electrical conductivity of carbon fibre/epoxy laminates incorporating graphene nano-platelets together with silver nanoparticles/nanowires was notably higher (⩾70%) than can be achieved by graphene nano-platelets alone (∼55%). These results demonstrate that the presence of nano-reinforcements exhibiting varied phonon transport and electron transfer pathways, and geometric aspect ratios promote synergistic physical interactions. Small improvements were found in the mechanical properties, including tensile, flexural or compressive properties of the carbon fibre-reinforced laminates, due to the relatively low concentrations of the nano-fillers.     

Tuned optical properties of in-situ synthesized m-nitroaniline doped Ag/PVA nano-composites

Meta-nitroaniline (m-NA) doped silver/poly(vinylalcohol) (Ag/PVA) nanocomposites are prepared via in-situ reduction of silver salt by employing hydrazine hydrate (HH) in order to study the effect of the NLO active m-NA on the optical properties of nanoparticles of silver in the colloidal as well as self supported film form. Reduction of silver salt in aqueous alcoholic PVA with HH is done first followed by doping of the reaction mixture with m-NA. The UV-Visible absorption spectra show peak at about 400 nm for Ag nanoparticles due to surface plasmon resonance phenomenon, which gets blue shifted with the change in m-NA concentration. The Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) studies show improvement in intensity with increasing m-NA concentration up to a saturation point (approximately 2.52 wt% with respect to PVA). Further increase in m-NA concentration leads to decrease in SHG intensity. The solutions and the films are characterized by photoluminescence (PL), FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, TEM, and thermal analysis. m-NA doped composites showed better PL efficiency. SEM of the nanocomposite film shows uniform distribution of particles within the film. The particle size as shown by TEM is found to be less than 10 nm.     

In-situ preparation of epoxy/silver nanocomposites by thermal decomposition of silver–imidazole complex

A novel method for the preparation of epoxy/silver nanocomposites was developed by in-situ formation of silver nanoparticles within the epoxy matrix. The silver–imidazole complex was synthesized by silver acetate and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4MZ). During the cure of epoxy resin, silver nanoparticles were in-situ generated through thermal decomposition of the silver–imidazole complex which was capable of reducing Ag⁺ to Ag⁰ by itself. The simultaneously released imidazole could cure the epoxy. In addition, the in-situ generated silver nanoparticles could be stabilized by the formed epoxy network. Therefore, by using the thermal decomposition method, uniformly dispersed silver nanoparticles of size of around 11.6 nm were in-situ generated in epoxy matrix.     

Colored and functional silver nanoparticle-wool fiber composites

Silver nanoparticles utilizing the surface plasmon resonance effect of silver have been used to color merino wool fibers as well as imparting antimicrobial and antistatic properties to them to produce a novel silver nanoparticle-wool composite material. This is accomplished by the reduction of silver ions in solution by trisodium citrate (TSC) in the presence of merino wool fibers or fabrics. The silver metal nanoparticles simultaneously bind to the amino acids of the keratin protein in the wool fibers using TSC as the linker. The colors of the resulting merino wool-silver nanoparticle composites range from yellow/brown to red/brown and then to brown/black, because of the surface plasmon resonance effect of silver, and are tuned by controlling the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles to give the required particle size on the fiber surface. In addition to the surface plasmon resonance optical effects, the silver nanoparticle-wool composites exhibit effective antimicrobial activity, thus inhibiting the growth of microbes and also an increase in the electrical conductivity, imparting antistatic properties to the fibers. Therefore, silver nanoparticles function as a simultaneous colorant and antimicrobial and antistatic agent for wool. Chemical and physical characterizations of the silver nanoparticle-merino wool composite materials have been carried out using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, direct-current electrical conductivity measurements, wash-fast and rub-fast tests, and antimicrobial tests.     

In situ prepared polypyrrole–Ag nanocomposites: optical properties and morphology

Polypyrrole–silver (PPy–Ag) nanocomposites with various silver contents have been synthesized via a kinetically favorable one-step chemical oxidative polymerization process. The oxidant, ammonium persulfate, was used to oxidize pyrrole monomer for growing chains of PPy. And AgNO₃ was used as a precursor for metallic silver nanoparticles. The detailed characterization techniques, UV–Vis–NIR, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), have been used to reveal electronic environment, structure, and morphology of composites as well as as-synthesized PPy. The synthesis environment prior to polymerization has also been investigated by absorption spectroscopy. The TEM images of PPy–Ag nanocomposites reveal that silver nanoparticles are deeply embedded into the polymer matrix in addition to surface adsorption. It is observed that the size distribution of inorganic nanoparticles (ca. 4–10 nm, depending on the metal ion concentrations) as well as structural morphology is altered by the initial concentrations of silver ions.     

Continuous-flow preparation of nanoporous metal/polymer composite particles by in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles in photopolymerized acrylate/diethylene glycol droplets

The principle of micro continuous-flow synthesis of polymer microparticles using a co-flow arrangement with integrated in situ photopolymerization was applied for the synthesis of nanoporous acrylate particles and for polymer composite microparticles containing silver and gold/silver metal nanoparticles. The nano porosity is induced by the addition of diethylene glycol (DEG). Nanoporous and composite polymer particles with sizes between about 50 and 500 μm have been obtained depending on the diameter of the applied glass capillary and the flow conditions during droplet formation. DEG acts as a mediator for miscibility and allows the addition of silver salt and tetrachloroauric acid as well as ascorbic acid for enhancing the reduction of metal ions in the reaction mixture. The formation of metal nanoparticles takes place mainly during the UV-light-induced polymerization. The presence of metal nanoparticles inside the polymer matrix was proved by SEM imaging and EDX analysis.