硅基薄膜多结太阳能电池的结构、制备技术及其效率优化的研究

综述了硅基薄膜多结太阳能电池的制备技术及进展,介绍了电池中间层、隧穿结、高倍聚光以及直接键合等硅基多结太阳能电池的各种新型制备技术。其次,评述了硅基多结太阳能电池在结构方面的研究现状。最后,针对带隙匹配、本征层以及减反膜等方面优化硅基多结太阳能电池效率的研究做了展望。     

钙钛矿太阳能电池技术发展历史与现状

简要回顾了钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展历史,解释了钙钛矿太阳能电池本质上是固态染料敏化太阳能电池。介绍了钙钛矿太阳能电池的微观发电机理,结合钙钛矿太阳能电池的能级图分析讨论了钙钛矿与电子传输层和空穴传输层的能级匹配。分析总结了钙钛矿太阳能电池的光伏技术参数,包括光生电流密度、开路电压、填充因子、能量转换效率以及光伏性能的稳定性。钙钛矿太阳能电池的能量转换效率、短路电流密度和开路电压均已超过非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池,填充因子与非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池很接近。钙钛矿太阳能电池有希望实现产业化而成为下一代薄膜太阳能电池。指出了钙钛矿太阳能电池大规模市场应用在制造技术上的瓶颈即空穴传输层的造价昂贵,并综述了解决该瓶颈的最新研究工作。     

染料敏化太阳电池用一维纳米结构氧化物光阳极薄膜的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSC)由于其工艺简单、成本低廉、理论光电转换效率高,逐渐成为硅基太阳能电池的有力竞争者.DSC电池的光阳极主要起到对染料分子中激发出来的电子进行传导的作用,其光阳极薄膜大多数是由氧化物纳米晶制备的.氧化物纳米晶存在大量界面电阻,导致能量势垒,从而使染料分子中光生电子-空穴对不能有效分离,制约了DSC电池光电转换效率的提高.而高长径比的一维氧化物纳米光阳极薄膜有望降低界面电阻,促进电子-空穴对的有效分离,将是DSC电池光阳极材料开发的重要发展方向.详细论述了染料敏化太阳电池用一维纳米氧化物光阳极薄膜的研究进展.     

薄膜太阳能电池硅衬底陷光结构的研究进展

制备高效硅薄膜太阳能电池,需要在整个太阳光谱范围内进行有效陷光和保持低反射率。最近,对于硅衬底的陷光结构展开了大量的研究工作。综述了近年来硅衬底陷光结构的研究进展,分析了陷光结构制作的影响因素,展望了薄膜太阳能电池硅衬底陷光结构研究的发展趋势。     

CIGS薄膜太阳能光伏产业发展现状

Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS)薄膜太阳能电池以其柔性、低成本、发电性能稳定等优势成为硅基光伏电池的最佳替代品。概述了CIGS薄膜电池特性,列举了国内外产业发展状况。同时对CIGS薄膜电池产业化存在的问题和未来研发方向做了简要的总结和预测。     

基于不同浓度铂对电极的染料敏化太阳能电池的性能研究

染料敏化太阳能电池对电极上用于催化的铂的浓度对电池的光电转换性能有重要的影响,特别是当光从对电极射入染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)时.制备了不同铂浓度对电极的电池,研究了光从对电极入射时,铂对内部阻抗、光吸收效率等的影响,优化出最佳的铂浓度.结果表明,10mmol/L为最佳对电极入射铂浓度,在一定浓度范围内,开路电压(...     

Si/PEDOT:PSS杂化太阳能电池的研究进展

硅有机/无机杂化太阳能电池结合了硅材料载流子迁移率高的优势,以及有机物的材料易合成、光电特性可调的特点,具有制备工艺简单、成本低以及柔性等适合未来应用发展的潜力特征。在介绍硅基杂化太阳能电池的基本结构和工作原理的基础上,从硅基材料的优化、有机导电聚合物PEDOT∶PSS改性、硅与PEDOT∶PSS界面修饰和结构优化,以及杂化太阳能电池的稳定性4个方面概况了近期的研究进展,重点针对Si/PEDOT∶PSS杂化太阳能电池结构优化及性能改进方面的最新研究热点,分析了当前硅基杂化电池发展的问题,指出了Si/PEDOT∶PSS杂化太阳能电池的发展方向。     

锑掺杂氧化锡薄膜的制备及其对硅基太阳能电池工作温度的影响

硅基太阳能电池占据着光伏发电的最大份额, 但是在阳光下其工作温度过高会降低电池效率和功率输出, 因此降低硅基太阳能电池在阳光下的工作温度具有重要意义。本研究以氯化亚锡和三氯化锑为原料, 通过简单的溶胶-凝胶法制备锑掺杂氧化锡(ATO)薄膜, 将其作为硅电池盖板, 研究了锑(Sb)掺杂量和薄膜厚度对薄膜红外阻隔性能和硅电池降温性能的影响。研究表明, ATO薄膜的红外遮蔽性能随薄膜厚度增加而提高, 但可见光透过率随之降低。用AM1.5太阳光持续照射30 min后, 使用旋涂1~4层ATO薄膜盖板的硅电池温度比使用普通玻璃盖板的电池最大降低2.7 ℃, 晶硅电池效率可以保持在10.79%以上。此外, 使用10mol%锑掺杂的3层ATO薄膜盖板的硅电池在连续光照30 min后, 温度比使用普通玻璃盖板最大降低1.5 ℃, 效率提高了0.43%。     

染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极TiO2薄膜的研究进展

在概述染料敏化太阳能电池工作原理基础上,着重分析电池光阳极TiO2薄膜的特性,并指出该薄膜在电池中所起的作用:负载染料、收集光生电子、分离电荷和传输光生电子;继而从表面修饰、离子掺杂、量子点敏化、制备复合薄膜、设计微观有序空间结构、设计核壳结构以及多手段共改性等方面对TiO2薄膜改性手段进行综述,并详细分析改性手段优化染料敏化太阳能电池性能的原因;最后,提出应把优化光阳极TiO2薄膜制备工艺及探讨薄膜接触面工作机理等作为今后的研究重点。     

超声低温等离子体在太阳能电池表面的改性作用

传统硅基太阳能制备工艺生产出的多晶硅太阳能电池的光电转换效率在17%左右~([1]),难以突破。利用超声低温等离子体设备对电池表面进行处理,结果显示,经过处理后,多晶硅太阳能电池的峰值功率与光电转换效率提升了5%左右。由此推测,利用超声低温等离子体处理多晶硅电池表面的方法,具有使氮化硅表面钝化、去除磷硅玻璃、清洗电池片以及优化表面绒面等作用,因此,利用该技术可提升太阳能电池片的产品性能。     

Enhanced light trapping in dye-sensitized solar cell by coupling to 1D photonic crystal and accounting for finite coherence length

Theoretical analysis of dye-sensitized solar cell integrated with photonic crystals based on coupled coherent and geometrical optics formalism has presented. The effect of structural parameters, such as thickness of layer, number of unit cells and light incident angle on the optical properties and photo-current magnification for the proposed photonic crystal based dye-sensitized solar cell have studied. The angular response of the cell in terms of light harvesting efficiency and cumulative photo-generation rate has also analysed. A strategy has presented to enhance the performance of the cell under oblique incidence. The effect of number of photonic crystal unit cells has also analysed in view of percentage enhancement in cumulative photo-generation rate. This work provides new insight into the design and tailoring of the photonic crystals to enhance the light harvesting efficiency in the solar cells.     

Flexible a‐Si:H Solar Cells with Spontaneously Formed Parabolic Nanostructures on a Hexagonal‐Pyramid Reflector

Flexible amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) solar cells with high photoconversion efficiency (PCE) are demonstrated by embedding hexagonal pyramid nanostructures below a Ag/indium tin oxide (ITO) reflector. The nanostructures constructed by nanoimprint lithography using soft materials allow the top ITO electrode to spontaneously form parabolic nanostructures. Nanoimprint lithography using soft materials is simple, and is conducted at low temperature. The resulting structure has excellent durability under repeated bending, and thus, flexible nanostructures are successfully constructed on flexible a‐Si:H solar cells on plastic film. The nanoimprinted pyramid back reflector provides a high angular light scattering with haze reflectance >98% throughout the visible spectrum. The spontaneously formed parabolic nanostructure on the top surface of the a‐Si:H solar cells both reduces reflection and scatters incident light into the absorber layer, thereby elongating the optical path length. As a result, the nanopatterned a‐Si:H solar cells, fabricated on polyethersulfone (PES) film, exhibit excellent mechanical flexibility and PCE increased by 48% compared with devices on a flat substrate.     

一种提高染料敏化太阳电池光吸收的结构的初步研究

染料敏化太阳电池中的染料对入射太阳光的充分吸收是提高电池光电转换效率的一个重要因素,针对染料在长波范围吸收光差的缺点,本文介绍了一种提高电池光吸收的改进结构.对P25氧化钛粉工艺制备的电池及改进结构的透过光谱和光电转换效率进行了初步研究,电池的透过光谱测试表明,有相当一部分光透过电池而没有充分利用.经太阳模拟器测试,改进结构对提高电池光吸收具有明显的效果,短路电流增加了大约0.8mA/cm2,光电转换效率相对提高了11.4%.     

硅半导体太阳能电池进展

太阳能电池是将太阳能直接转化为电能的装置,也是有效利用太阳能最佳途径之一。作为一种绿色能源,尤其是在核电安全问题面临挑战的今天,太阳能电池被认为是解决能源衰竭和环境污染等一系列重大问题的最佳选择。目前,许多国家正在制订中长期太阳能开发计划,准备在21世纪大规模开发太阳能。当前研究最多同时在生产应用的最广泛的当数硅太阳能电池(如单晶硅、多晶硅、非晶硅等)。通过对各类硅太阳能电池的性能、工艺、转化效率以及制备方法等方面作比较并讨论了它们各自性能的优劣,最后结合当前国内外工业化生产状况,对硅太阳能电池研究现状和各自的最新进展作了比较详细的综述,并简要讨论了硅太阳能电池研究和生产上的前景及趋势。     

Photoelectrochemical conversion using sprayed CdSe

CdSe films on titanium have been prepared by spray pyrolysis and characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photon spectroscopy. Photoelectrochemical solar cells with 4·84% conversion efficiency have been fabricated using these electrodes. Spectral response studies indicate absorption at sub-band gap energies. The band gap of CdSe as determined from photo-current studies was 1·66 eV. The flat band potential measured gives a value of −1·54 V with reference to SCE for electrodes prepared using cadmium chloride and selenourea in the 1:1 ratio.     

Light coupling into an optical microcantilever by an embedded diffraction grating

By measuring the excitation efficiency of an optical waveguide on a diffraction grating one can accurately register the changes in the incidence angle of the exciting light beam. This phenomenon was applied to detect ultrasmall deflections of silicon dioxide cantilevers of submicrometer thickness that were fabricated with corrugation on top to act as diffraction grating couplers. The power of light coupled into the cantilevers was monitored with a conventional photodetector and modulated using mechanical vibration of the cantilever, thus changing the spatial orientation of the coupler with respect to the incident light beam. The technique can be considered as an alternative to the methods known for detection of cantilever deflection.     

铜酞菁与富勒烯共混层对柔性薄膜太阳电池光伏性能的影响

在柔性PET-ITO衬底上制备了结构为ITO/CuPc/CuPc:C60/C60/Al的柔性薄膜太阳电池.结果发现,共混层的嵌入,可增大给体/受体界面,提高激子扩散效率,从而提高器件光电转换效率.当共混层CuPc与C60>的摩尔比为1 : 2时,光吸收效率较高,且共混层颗粒均匀分散,光电转换效率达0.63%.     

柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

近年来,柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池由于具有质量轻、成本低、形状可塑、适用性广等优点,成为了太阳能电池领域炙手可热的研究课题。目前,该类柔性电池的最高光电转换效率已超过16%。本文针对柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构及其柔性衬底,介绍了其主要的研究方向和目前的研究进展,并探讨了柔性钙钛矿太阳能领域面临的主要问题与挑战,最后展望了柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展。     

Intertwined aligned carbon nanotube fiber based dye-sensitized solar cells

Metal wires suffer from corrosion in fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We report herein that stable, ultrastrong, and highly flexible aligned carbon nanotube fibers can be used not only as catalytic counter electrodes but also as conductive materials to support dye-loaded TiO(2) nanoparticles in DSSCs. The power conversion efficiency of this fiber solar cell can achieve 2.94%. These solar power fibers, exhibiting power conversion efficiency independent of incident light angle and cell length, can be woven into textiles via a convenient weaving technology.     

Numerical study of antireflection coatings in waveguide structures with silicon nanoparticles interlayer

In this paper, the reflection properties of a multilayer structure containing silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs), silicon nitride (Si₃N₄), and silicon (Si) is investigated theoretically and numerically. The structure is arranged and its main parameters are defined. The required equations for the propagation of electromagnetic plane waves are derived in detail to obtain the reflection coefficients in a closed form. The reflected power of the structure is determined using these coefficients. In the numerical results, the mentioned power is computed and illustrated as a function of wavelength of the incident radiation, angle of incidence, and Si-NPs parameters. Optimal Si-NPs parameters (particle’s diameter, space between particles, and layer thickness) for low reflection are proposed. These theoretical parameters could effectively be used to design new solar cells.