基于零件应用的第3代高强钢——QP钢的成形特性

目的研究第3代高强钢——QP钢在实际零件上应用涉及的成形特性问题。方法通过微观组织分析、单向拉伸、成形极限、V形弯曲回弹等试验,分析探讨了QP钢的力学性能、成形性能、成形极限和弯曲特性,并与广泛应用的DP钢对比。结果 QP钢HC600/980QP的成形性能好于相同强度级别的DP钢HC550/980DP,与HC420/780DP相当;QP钢弯曲回弹量比同等强度级别DP钢大。通过2个试冲零件的分析,验证了QP的成形特性,并从零件应用角度提出了QP钢的零件适用范围和零件设计要点。结论 QP钢具有综合的强度和塑性性能,有助于解决局部特征复杂的难成形零件和具有等截面特征的零件,在汽车车身结构件上有较大的应用前景。     

先进高强度钢板弯曲类回弹特性的试验研究

随着先进高强钢板在汽车及航天航空领域的广泛应用,回弹导致的成形精度问题日益突出.为了获取先进高强钢的弯曲回弹特性,通过采用U形件回弹模型,针对600MPa级别的3种典型高强钢(DP钢、TRIP钢、HSLA钢)进行了回弹试验研究.实验结果表明:在相同变形条件下,TRIP钢弯曲回弹最大,DP钢次之,HSLA的弯曲回弹最小;不同工艺条件、不同材料性能参数对弯曲回弹呈单调的影响规律,而润滑条件对弯曲回弹的影响趋势并未出现一致性规律.     

超高强QP980钢冲压成形性能

目的研究宝钢新一代先进高强钢QP980与第一代先进高强钢DP980的冲压成形性能。方法采用单向拉伸、光学应变分析和帽型拉弯成形等试验方法,分析两种超高强钢在加工硬化、成形极限、拉弯成形侧壁减薄和回弹等性能特性。结果 QP980的伸长率达到21.6%,与DP980钢相比有更高的强塑积,在变形过程中能够维持较高的瞬时n值,进而提高了材料的成形极限。帽型拉弯试验中,在不同的流入距离条件下,QP980钢的侧壁减薄率均低于DP980钢。在不同压边力条件下,QP980(厚度1.0 mm)材料的回弹量大于DP980(厚度1.2 mm)材料。结论 QP980在梁型件成形过程中具有优良的抗减薄特性,采用QP980钢进行冲压成形时应考虑比同级别DP980钢更大的回弹补偿量,或者采用更大变形量的工艺设计。     

先进高强度双相钢弯扭复合回弹评价与试验研究

目的 针对先进高强度双相钢冲压成形后回弹量大且多种回弹形式相互作用的问题,提出弯曲–扭曲复合回弹试验评价指标与测试方法,研究双相钢强度级别和试验条件对弯扭回弹的影响规律。方法 建立板料回弹前后的几何关系,提出弯扭复合回弹评价指标,通过改变三点弯曲试验上压杆的偏转角度,开展弯扭复合回弹试验。结果 基于合理的几何关系假设提出的评价指标适用于弯扭复合回弹试验结果分析。当上压杆偏转角度为0°时,强度越高,板料弯曲回弹越明显,回弹后横截面顶点距离和2条对角线长度变化越小;随着上压杆偏转角度的增加,当上压杆偏转0°～15°时,不同强度的3种试件（DP600、DP780、DP980）的横截面顶点距离和2条对角线长度增大,其中DP600试件的横截面顶点距离变化最小;当上压杆偏转15°～45°时,3种试件共同表现出横截面顶点距离减小、一条对角线长度减小、另一条对角线长度增加,其中DP980试件的对角线长度之差最小。结论 试验数据与分析结果表明,调整三点弯曲试验中上压杆的偏转角度可以诱发不同的扭曲回弹量,进而有效控制弯曲回弹与扭曲回弹的复合程度。分别利用板料横截面顶点距离变化及2条对角线长度变化评价弯曲回...     

高精度超高强钢长滑轨辊压制造技术

目的解决超高强钢辊压成形过程中回弹大、尺寸精度差、材料利用率低、生产效率低等问题,生产出高精度的超高强钢长滑轨产品,以满足市场需求。方法从截面形状、尺寸精度及冲孔要求三方面,对以DP980超高强钢材料成形的典型的滑轨产品进行了技术分析,针对该产品特性重点设计了冲孔方案,采用三步质量控制法对产品的成形过程及辊压模具设计进行了优化,最后采取多种方法对产品质量进行了全面检测。结果实际制造完成后的产品检测表明,通过优化模具设计及调整现场工艺,最终生产出的长滑轨各项指标均满足图纸要求,解决了超高强钢材料的成形难题。结论在超高强钢材料及尺寸较长产品的成形制造中,辊压成形技术相比其他成形工艺更加具有优势。     

超高强钢 QP980 液压成形 B 柱仿真及试验研究

目的研究超高强钢QP980液压成形汽车B柱的可成形性。方法基于Autoform有限元模拟软件,仿真对比了宝钢第三代超高强钢QP980及当前广泛应用的DP980超高强钢液压成形B柱的可成形性,通过试验试制了QP980液压成形B柱,并与仿真结果进行对比。结果在相同工艺条件下,QP980具有较高安全裕度,DP980具有开裂风险,采用2种材料模拟壁厚减薄率及回弹趋势一致,DP980壁厚减薄率大于QP980,QP980回弹大于DP980;QP980液压成形B柱模拟及试验对比显示,壁厚减薄率和回弹变化趋势一致,试验壁厚减薄率大于模拟,样件实际回弹小于模拟,QP980液压成形B柱实测最大壁厚减薄率7.6%,一端施加约束,另一端回弹约6 mm。结论超高强钢QP980液压成形B柱成形性良好,满足零件性能要求。     

QP和DP钢面内成形性能与边部成形性能对比研究

目的 以宝钢生产的QP980、QP1180、DP980、DP1180 4种典型超高强钢材料为研究对象,进行QP、DP钢种材料面内与边部成形特性对比分析。方法 采用单向拉伸设备以及成形试验机,并结合DIC分析技术,对4种材料的力学性能、面内成形性及边部成形性进行试验研究。结果 与DP钢相比,同等强度级别QP钢的均匀延伸率及加工硬化系数均明显更高。在面内成形应变状态下,同等强度级别QP钢极限成形深度均明显大于DP钢的,但主、次应变大小差异不大。在边部成形应变状态下,同等强度级别QP、DP钢极限成形深度以及主、次应变大小均差异不大。QP、DP钢面内成形最大主应变均明显大于边部成形最大主应变。结论 与同强度级别DP钢相比,QP钢具有更高的均匀延伸率及加工硬化系数。QP钢材料的加工硬化系数高,材料内部协同变形能力强,面内成形性能明显优于DP钢材料的,但两者的边部成形性能差异不大;QP、DP钢材料能承受更大的面内主应变,受边部加工硬化及毛刺的影响,冲裁后,边部应变明显降低,在QP、DP超高强钢零件设计制造过程中,应尽可能避免边部发生较大的变形。     

车身用高强钢的回弹实验与分析

目的研究和分析身用高强钢在冲压过程中的回弹行为与规律。方法基于Wagoner的拉延弯曲实验模型,采用拉延弯曲(Draw-Bend)实验机,针对590 MPa级冷轧双相钢和420 MPa级低合金高强钢两个常用的典型车身用高强钢材料开展回弹实验研究,通过不同弯曲半径模拟不同冲压模具圆角半径,同时以不同张紧力模拟冲压压边力,讨论了两种材料的冲压成形及回弹性能与控制。结果两类钢的回弹量均随着冲压模具圆角半径的增大而减小,随着压边力的增大而减小,双相钢相比低合金能产生更大的回弹,厚板随冲压条件变化的回弹波动一般低于薄板。结论实验研究结果对高强钢在实际冲压过程中的回弹控制有着较强的指导意义。     

低合金超高强度钢HC950LA典型零件应用及回弹控制

目的以低合金超高强度钢HC950LA为对象,研究其在汽车座椅滑轨零件上的典型应用及回弹控制。方法通过V弯试验分析HC950LA在不同弯曲角度下的最小弯曲半径,根据试验结果优化滑轨零件折弯圆角设计,使HC950LA满足滑轨零件的成形性要求,并通过试制滑轨零件,在成形过程中研究回弹控制进行方法。结果 HC950LA沿着垂直于轧制方向的折弯性能较好,成形模具半径可以小至1 mm,满足滑轨零件成形需求。使用HC950LA试制座椅滑轨零件,通过优化产品折弯圆角设计、模具型面调整及改变零件弯曲时的应力分布状态对零件进行回弹控制,零件回弹控制效果明显。结论低合金超高强度钢HC950LA冲压座椅滑轨零件成形性良好,满足零件精度、性能要求。     

QP980高强钢制造的汽车地板纵梁拉延件的回弹分析

目的研究采用超高强钢QP980牌号的典型汽车梁类件在使用拉延工艺时的回弹特点,分析零件结构对实际回弹的影响过程与特点。方法先通过理论与仿真分析预测回弹,然后使用补偿后的模面开模进行试制,并搜集实际回弹数据,进行分析与对比。结果仿真分析可以准确预测零件一侧法兰的回弹,但对于另一侧法兰的预测精度相对较差。结论零件弯曲内侧侧壁存在局部剧烈弧形回弹是两侧法兰回弹存在差异的主要原因,而拉延序触料时与凹模圆角接触的材料部位对应弧形最大的位置,合模过程中凹模圆角与材料接触会导致料片的弧形弯曲,这种弯曲尤其在x向存在压应力的侧壁位置回弹显著,从而导致对应位置的法兰回弹尺寸超标。     

考虑材料参数变化的高强钛管数控弯曲回弹行为研究

目的研究钛管数控弯曲回弹角、回弹半径的变化规律,揭示回弹角和回弹半径变化特征的形成机制。方法基于有限元软件平台,建立考虑收缩应变比-弹性模量变化的Ti-3Al-2.5V钛管数控弯曲成形及回弹全过程的有限元模型。结果回弹角随弯曲角和相对弯曲半径的增加而增加;回弹半径在弯曲角小于30°时,随弯曲角的增加而先变化很小,后显著增加;弯曲角大于30°时,回弹半径随弯曲角的增加而逐渐减小。回弹半径随相对弯曲半径的增加而增加。弯曲角越大,应力分布区域越大,回弹变形越大;相对弯曲半径越大,弯管中处于弹性变形的区域占总变形区域的比例较大,回弹变形越大。结论考虑两参数变化时对回弹角和回弹半径的变化趋势无显著影响,但获得的回弹角和回弹半径均大于忽略两参数变化时的值;考虑收缩应变比-弹性模量变化时,弯曲变形区沿外脊线的拉应力大于忽略两参数变化时的拉应力,卸载回弹时,管材发生大的弹性恢复,表现为回弹角和回弹半径的增加。     

Evolution of elastic modulus in roll forming

Roll forming is a continuous process in which a flat strip is incrementally bent to a desired profile. This process is increasingly used in automotive industry to form High Strength Steel (HSS) and Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) for structural components. Because of the large variety of applications of roll forming in the industry, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is increasingly employed for roll forming process design. Formability and springback are two major concerns in the roll forming AHSS materials. Previous studies have shown that the elastic modulus (Young’s modulus) of AHSS materials can change when the material undergoes plastic deformation and the main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of a change in elastic modulus during forming on springback in roll forming. FEA has been applied for the roll forming simulation of a V-section using material data determined by experimental loading-unloading tests performed on mild, XF400, and DP780 steel. The results show that the reduction of the elastic modulus with pre-strain significantly influences springback in the roll forming of high strength steel while its effect is less when a softer steel is formed.     

Twist springback characteristics of dual-phase steel sheet after non-axisymmetric deep drawing

This paper aims to investigate the twist springback characteristics of advanced high strength steel sheet subjected to deep drawing. A C-rail benchmark, which leads to a particularly pronounced twist springback characteristics, was developed. For an accurate numerical modeling of the process, a non-quadratic anisotropic yield criterion integrated with combined isotropic and kinematic hardening model was used to describe the strain-stress behavior including anisotropy and Bauschinger effects. The corresponding mechanical experiments, namely uniaxial tension and forward-reverse simple shear tests were performed to determine the material parameters. The digital image correlation technique was applied for component tests as well as the deformation and stress-strain analysis. The experimental validation of the elastic-plastic finite element model was assessed by comparing maximum in-plane strain, thickness reduction distribution and twist springback of the drawn rail. To explore the source of twist springback, the deformation associated with in-plane stress and bending moment was analyzed. The results indicate that the bending moment before springback caused by non-symmetric stress states play an important role in twist springback and control. Certain regions of the die radius were varied in a numerical analysis to control the bending moment for the minimization of twist springback as well as the preliminary results of the relationship between the ratio of variable die radius and twist springback.     

Effect of slide motion on springback in 2-D draw bending for AHSS

The springback behavior of two advanced high strength steel (AHSS) grades, DP 780 and DP 980, after different forming conditions, was investigated. 2-D draw bending experiments were performed using a direct-drive digital servo-press in three operation modes, conventional (V-mode), relaxation mode (Stepwise and U-mode) and the attach-detach (A-D mode). Numerical simulations were conducted to in an attempt to reproduce the results and to perform parametric studies. The material behavior was captured using the homogeneous anisotropic hardening (HAH) distortional plasticity approach together with the chord elastic modulus model. In addition, the stress relaxation effects were implemented in the code by using a creep law in order to study the influence of a stepwise slide motion mode as well as holding at the bottom dead center. Both experimental and finite element (FE) simulation results demonstrate that detachment of tools from the work-piece was effective to reduce the springback while the effect of stress relaxation was insignificant. The numerical analysis was validated and successfully explained the importance of a forming path change on the final stress state. Based on the result of this study, a new method to reduce springback was introduced.     

On twist springback in advanced high-strength steels

The sheet metal components made of advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) become fairly attractive in reducing weight and enhancing operational performance of products. However the corresponding forming process often generates more severe springback. This paper aims to investigate the behavior of twist springback in advanced high strength sheet components, where a twist rail was considered and the corresponding die and measurement tool were developed. Finite element model of the twist rail was first validated through a try-out test and then is used to carry out a parametric study on the twist springback. The results lead to an in-depth understanding of how the design and process parameters, such as transition ratio of cross-section width, corner angle, drawbead depth and material strength grade, affect the twist springback, thereby providing some insights into sensitivity analysis for the design of products and corresponding processes.     

大型直缝焊管三点弯曲JCO成形及弹复解析

采用三点弯曲JCO成形方法制造大型直缝焊管的技术关键是板坯每道次弯曲角的弹复控制,其成形角的精度直接制约着成形管坯的椭圆度.针对管线钢材料的特点,采用双线性硬化材料模型,基于小变形假设,建立了每道次弯曲成形及弹复计算模型,得到了对应任一凸模行程处板料中性层上任一质点卸载前后的转角和挠度数学表达式.理论和实验数据均表明,弯曲角和成形角之间非常接近线性关系,验证了理论解析的正确性.