变冷冻水温空调系统DDC控制方案

针对实际工程中的中、小型集中式空调系统,根据空调系统大多时间处于部分负荷下运行的特点,采用变冷冻水温DDC控制的方法实现空调系统的节能运行。根据改变冷冻水进水温度能够实现不同负荷下室温控制以及提高机组冷冻水供水温度能够提高机组效率的原理,提出了按照空调房间实际负荷率来自动设定冷冻水供水温度DDC控制方案;并按此方案开发了变冷冻水温专用DDC控制器。该控制器能根据实测供水温度与设定值之间的偏差调节压缩机的频率,使冷冻水的供水温度符合设定值的要求,以此达到既满足室内温湿度控制要求又节能的目的。     

节能型高等学校校园建设模式研究

文中提出了高等学校校园信息节能的理念,构建了一个基于无线传输模式的高等学校校园建筑节能控制网络,其中现场控制器以PLC为核心,现场与控制中心以无线方式进行通信,实现了系统的网络集成,从而对高等学校节约型校园建设模式进行了有益的探索与研究。     

基于人工智能的建筑能耗预测研究综述

能耗预测作为建筑节能的先决条件,对于挖掘建筑节能潜力、提高建筑设备使用效率、提升建筑运营管理质量有重要意义。针对能耗预测,从输入数据类型、输出数据类型、预测时间范围、预测方法4个方面对基于人工智能方法的建筑能耗预测应用现状进行研究。又介绍了单一预测模型和集成预测模型的基本理论,并分别以多元线性回归方法、人工神经网络和支持向量机3种人工智能方法作为基本模型,进行了基于单一预测模型和集成预测模型的建筑能耗预测研究。研究表明与单一预测模型相比,集成预测模型具有更好的预测精度、稳定性及多样性,同时,对人工智能方法在建筑能耗预测领域的应用前景进行了展望。     

基于有限时间滤波控制的电机驱动系统结构/控制一体化设计

针对电机驱动系统进行了基于有限时间控制器的结构/控制一体化设计.针对电机驱动系统跟踪控制问题,采用有限时间收敛方法设计了跟踪控制器.考虑系统状态信息不可测的情况,设计了有限时间滤波控制器,在估计系统速度信息的同时实现了有限时间跟踪控制.为进一步提升系统控制性能,考虑结构与控制之间存在的耦合问题,对电机驱动系统进行结构/控制一体化设计.首先针对电机驱动系统设计了同时考虑结构优化和控制器优化的一体化性能指标.所设计一体化性能指标能够在满足控制性能要求的同时,得到所能驱动的最大负载.同时优化系统的结构参数与控制器参数能够使控制系统达到全局最优,从而取得良好的控制效果.随后,采用嵌套优化策略对电机驱动系统的一体化设计问题进行简化,采用自适应步长的布谷鸟搜索算法对控制器参数优化问题进行求解,得到了一体化最优解.通过数值仿真验证了所提方法的有效性.     

采暖地区既有居住建筑节能改造设计

采暖地区既有居住建筑节能改造不仅是改善人们居住环境,降低建筑能耗的要求,同时也是减少大气污染,保护环境的要求。下面本研究首先分析了关于采暖地区既有居住建筑节能改造设计要求,然后从墙体节能改造、外窗的节能改造以及热源及管网热平衡改造设计三个方面进行了详细设计,最后对既有居住建筑节能改造的效果和经济性进行总结得知,采暖地区既有居住建筑节能改造设计不仅能够降低热源的浪费,减少建筑节能使用成本,同时对提高供暖系统的经济性和资源利用率也具有显著的作用,值得临床推广使用。     

谈建筑节能工程监理中质量控制的实施重点

介绍了建筑节能工程监理的主要依据,基于建筑节能全过程管理理念,从事前、事中、事后三个环节,阐述了建筑节能工程监理的质量控制重点,有利于实现建筑业的可持续发展。     

基于人工神经网络的地板辐射空调系统预测控制方式

由于地板层的热容量较大,地板辐射空调系统的调节控制必须考虑房间热惰性的影响。建立了以热泵机组为冷热源的地板辐射空调系统的预测控制模型,该模型利用RBF人工神经网络技术,根据预测出的下一时刻的房间温度值来控制热泵机组的运行时间并调节房间的温度。将此预测模型用于实验系统冬季供暖工况房间温度的调节控制,实验结果表明,房间温度的预测值与实测值比较吻合。     

室内温度不均匀特性与理想排热排湿效率分析

传统空调方式将处于不同温度水平的热源所产生的热量混合入室内空气中,再对室内空气进行降温处理,这种方式忽略了室内温度场分布的不均匀特性,造成了高品位热源与低品位热源的掺混损失。基于热源独立排热和温湿度独立控制的思想,分析了理想的排热和排湿效率,并通过典型算例计算了不同形式系统的排热和排湿效率。     

谈供暖期的节能降耗新举措

结合近年来的调研情况,提出了节能降耗新举措的思想,并对集中型供热采暖、自备户式热源型局部供热采暖、其他热源型供热采暖等不同类型的供热采暖系统的节能降耗措施进行了详细阐述,以实现建筑节能降耗的阶段性目标。     

区域供热系统的优化-单管系统中引入混水回路

介绍对单管系统引入混水回路，在混水回路上安装电动调节阀及温度控制器，使外网变为一个变流量系统，这样单管系统的用户和双管系统的用户可共用一个热源，既能够节能，又降低运行成本。并对投资回收期做了预测。     

Advanced fuzzy logic controllers design and evaluation for buildings’ occupants thermal–visual comfort and indoor air quality satisfaction

The aim of this paper is to present and evaluate control strategies for adjustment and preservation of air quality, thermal and visual comfort for buildings’ occupants while, simultaneously, energy consumption reduction is achieved. Fuzzy PID, fuzzy PD and adaptive fuzzy PD control methods are applied. The inputs to any controller are: the PMV index affecting thermal comfort, the CO₂ concentration affecting indoor air quality and the illuminance level affecting visual comfort. The adaptive fuzzy PD controller adapts the inputs and outputs scaling factors and is based on a second order reference model. More specifically, the scaling factors are modified according to a sigmoid type function, in such a way that the measured variable to be as closer as possible to the reference model. The adaptive fuzzy PD controller is compared to a non-adaptive fuzzy PD and to an ON–OFF one. The comparison criteria are the energy required and the controlled variables response. Both, energy consumption and variables responses are improved if the adaptive fuzzy PD type controller is used. The buildings’ response to the control signals has been simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK.     

Adaptive control of base-isolated structures against near-field earthquakes using variable friction dampers

This paper investigates the effectiveness of two adaptive control strategies for modulating the control force of variable friction dampers (VFDs) that are employed as semi-active devices in combination with laminated rubber bearings for the seismic protection of buildings. The first controller developed in this study is an adaptive fuzzy neural controller (AFNC). It consists of a direct fuzzy controller with self-tuning scaling factors based on neural networks. A simple neural network is implemented to adjust the input and output scaling factors such that the fuzzy controller effectively determines the command voltage of the damper according to current level of ground motion. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to learn the shape of the activation functions of the network. The second controller is based on the simple adaptive control (SAC) method, which is a type of direct adaptive control approach. The objective of the SAC method is to make the plant, the controlled system, track the behavior of the structure with the optimum performance. Here, SAC methodology is employed to obtain the required control force which results in the optimum performance of the structure. For comparison purposes, an optimal linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is also developed and considered in the simulations together with maximum passive operation of the friction damper. The results reveal that the developed adaptive controllers can successfully improve the seismic response of base-isolated buildings against various types of earthquake.     

Development of an adaptive window-opening algorithm to predict the thermal comfort,energy use and overheating in buildings

This investigation of the window-opening data from extensive field surveys in UK office buildings demonstrates: (1) how people control the indoor environment by opening windows; (2) the cooling potential of opening windows; and (3) the use of an ‘adaptive algorithm’ for predicting window-opening behaviour for thermal simulation in ESP-r. It was found that when the window was open the mean indoor and outdoor temperatures were higher than when closed, but it was shown that nonetheless there was a useful cooling effect from opening a window. The adaptive algorithm for window-opening behaviour was then used in thermal simulation studies for some typical office designs. The thermal simulation results were in general agreement with the findings of the field surveys. The adaptive algorithm is shown to provide insights not available using non adaptive simulation methods and can assist in achieving more comfortable, lower energy buildings while avoiding overheating.     

Adaptive fuzzy controller for active tuned mass damper of a benchmark tall building subjected to seismic and wind loads

Active tuned mass dampers (ATMDs) are one of the most effective solutions for mitigation of destructive effects of earthquakes and strong winds in tall buildings. In order to achieve optimal performance, these systems are designed and tuned to mitigate effect of either wind or earthquake excitation. However, due to different frequency contents and intensities of wind and earthquake excitations, which will cause contrasting structural modes stimulation, the ATMD designed for one of these disturbances may not work optimally for the other one. This paper addresses a methodological simulation approach for adaptive control design of ATMDs in tall buildings located in regions with high level of seismic activity and recurrent strong winds. For this purpose, a multi‐objective adaptive genetic‐fuzzy controller is proposed for the control of an ATMD of a benchmark 76‐story building subjected to wind load and earthquake disturbances. Simulation results reveal that the optimal ATMD designed for earthquake disturbance does not work adequately for wind load disturbance and vice versa. Furthermore, the proposed adaptive controller has superior performance in suppressing base shear and inter‐story drifts induced by wind load and earthquake excitations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

医院建筑特点与节能

分析了医院建筑的特点,认为控制院内感染、保证医疗顺利实施就是最大效益,医院节能离开这个前提毫无意义。在这个前提下提出了一些适用于医院节能的常规节能技术与措施,以及针对医院一些特殊医疗科室环境控制的特点与要求宜采取的措施,并进行了分析。     

ANN-based thermal control models for residential buildings

This study aimed to develop an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based advanced thermal control method for creating more comfortable thermal environments in residential buildings. The proposed control method consisted of a thermal control logic framework with four thermal control logics therein, including two predictive and adaptive logics using ANN models, and a system hardware framework. The models were designed to achieve thermal comfort for living areas, taking into account not only air temperature, but also humidity or PMV as a control variable; and to reduce overshoots and undershoots of a control variable using ANN-based predictive and adaptive control. Incorporating IBPT (International Building Physics Toolbox) and MATLAB, a typical two-story single-family home in the U.S. was modelled for testing the performance of developed thermal control methods. Analysis revealed that ANN-based predictive and adaptive control strategies created more comfortable thermal conditions than did typical thermostat systems in terms of increased comfort period of air temperature, humidity, and PMV, and reduced over and undershoots. Thus, the proposed control methods using ANN can be concluded to have the potential for enhancing thermal comfort in residential buildings.     

基于互联网平台的“一键式”能效管控系统

从建筑能耗特点出发,以智能建筑能效分析为基础,介绍＂一键式＂能效管控专家系统平台的设计理念、系统架构、主要功能及系统特点。     

On the efficiency of semi‐active smart structures: self‐regulating MR dampers control system for tall buildings

Many severe dynamical loadings such as earthquakes and strong winds may subject to structural systems during their lifetime and lead to changes in structural characteristics. Hence, employing an adaptive control strategy that can deal with these alterations compound with design of the structural elements would undoubtedly be the most effective alternative design for the old‐fashioned design methods, which are relatively inefficient in response to these unforeseen conditions. In the current study, benefits of employing the modern control systems for design of tall buildings in comparison with the uncontrolled traditionally designed structures are thoroughly investigated. To contract the vibrational responses due to seismic excitations, the innovative direct‐modulating semi‐active controller is designed for magneto‐rheological dampers, which are installed in an 11‐storey sample building converting it to a smart structure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

建筑空调节能控制整体解决方案

本文通过对相关产品的介绍，提出了对建筑空调节能控制的整体解决方案，在保障建筑物内部环境质量的前提下，降低空调能耗，提高系统的经济性和稳定性。     

神经网络在系统辨识与控制中的应用

讨论了人工神经网络辨识的基本方法，分析了神经网络控制的几种基本结构：自校正自适应控制、模型参考自适应控制、自校正内模控制器等，并分别指出了这些控制策略的优、缺点及有待解决的一些问题．