集装箱船余热回收系统中温差发电模块的热电耦合分析

随着热电发电、热电制冷技术研究的不断深入,热电在船舶余热回收方面有了重大突破.以集装箱船余热回收系统中温差发电模块为研究对象,考虑了热电模块热端和冷端温度差存在温度变化的实际情况,运用ANSYS软件建立了热电单P-N结模型,分析了热电单元温度场的分布规律,得到了温差发电系统的输出特性,根据分析结果进行了温差发电模块用于...     

Note: extraction of temperature-dependent interfacial resistance of thermoelectric modules

This article discusses an approach for extracting the temperature dependency of the electrical interfacial resistance associated with thermoelectric devices. The method combines a traditional module-level test rig and a nonlinear numerical model of thermoelectricity to minimize measurement errors on the interfacial resistance. The extracted results represent useful data to investigating the characteristics of thermoelectric module resistance and comparing performance of various modules.     

Applications of thermoelectric method to studying initial stages of deposition of electrolytic coatings

Utilization of the thermoelectric method in studying initial stages of deposition of electrolytic coatings on previously oxidized surfaces has been investigated. Regularities of this process and its dependence on the temperature and oxidation rate are discussed.     

A numerical study of flow distribution effect on a parallel flow heat exchanger

The effect of flow distribution on thermal and flow performance of a parallel How heat exchanger has been numerically investigated. The flow distribution has been altered by varying the geometrical parameters that included the locations of the separators, and the inlet/outlet of the heat exchanger. Flow nonuniformities along paths of the heat exchanger, which were believed to be dominantly influential to the thermal performance, have been observed to eventually optimize the design of the heat exchanger. The optimization has been accomplished by minimizing the flow nonuniformity that served as an object function when the Newton’s searching method was applied. It was found that the heat transfer of the optimized model increased approximately 7.6%, and the pressure drop decreased 4.7%, compared to those of the base model of the heat exchanger.     

New automatic heat flow calorimeter

A calorimeter was developed which is capable of measuring heats of reaction with high precision, without making use of a precision thermostat. In comparison with conventional heat flow calorimeters, the measuring time is reduced considerably by electronic means. The reproducibility is comparable to that of adiabatic calorimeters, while the operation is easier because no filling and weighing of water and temperature readings are necessary. The final result is indicated automatically.     

管壳式换热器流场数值模拟方法研究

对单弓形折流板式换热器的结构进行合理简化,利用ANSYS参数化建模方法建立了管壳式换热器的参数化模型,在ANSYS FLUENT 14.0数值模拟软件中对其温度场和流场进行数值模拟。将定壁温假设方法与同时考虑壳程和管程流体的两流程耦合计算方法的模拟结果进行对比,结果表明:同时考虑壳侧和管侧流体流动与传热,更有助于揭示换热器局部温度场变化的实际情况,模拟结果与实际情况吻合较好,能够为管壳式换热器结构优化设计提供更好的参考依据。     

基于光流法的气密性检测装置研究

针对用气泡检测小型压力容器气密性的方法存在工作效率低下以及较多的安全隐患等问题,进行了气泡图像处理法的研究。搭建了气泡图像采集系统。利用Matlab软件结合光流算法处理气泡图像,研究了基于光流理论的Horn-Schunck气泡图像处理算法。对气泡图像进行了定制阈值的图像区域分割,获得了层次分明的气泡图像;基于此方法设计了一套半自动化的气密性检测系统。利用此系统自动得到了气泡的数量和大小并以此计算泄漏量以及泄漏的部位。实验结果表明:此系统可准确检测的最小气泡直径为4 mm,气泡检测最适合的直径在8 mm左右,如气泡直径继续增大,气泡表面不规则程度加深,检测精确度变低,因此,该系统在一定的条件下能准确计算气泡数量及大小,实现了对泄漏气体的检测。     

双波纹板束传热与流动的数值模拟

应用数值分析Fluent软件对新开发的一种用于气—气换热的双波纹板管换热器板束的传热与流动进行数值模拟。板束叠放采用对顶和平行两种形式,分别模拟计算出不同流量和温度下两种模型的传热系数和湍流强度并进行对比分析。研究结果表明:同样条件下,热通道对顶叠放模型的换热系数是平行叠放的1.2倍,湍流强度比平行叠放模型提高了一倍;随着热侧流量和进口温度的不断升高,总换热系数逐渐增大,但其对冷侧对流系数和压降影响微小。     

Numerical analysis of pulsating heat pipe based on separated flow model

The examination on the operating mechanism of a pulsating heat pipe (PHP) using visualization revealed that the working fluid in the PHP oscillated to the axial direction by the contraction and expansion of vapor plugs. This contraction and expansion is due to the formation and extinction of bubbles in the evaporating and condensing section, respectively. In this paper, a theoretical model of PHP was presented. The theoretical model was based on the separated flow model with two liquid slugs and three vapor plugs. The results show that the diameter, surface tension and charge ratio of working fluid have significant effects on the performance of the PHP. The following conclusions were obtained. The periodic oscillations of liquid slugs and vapor plugs were obtained under specified parameters. When the hydraulic diameter of the PHP was increased to d=3mm, the frequency of oscillation decreased. By increasing the charging ratio from 40 to 60 by volume ratio, the pressure difference between the evaporating section and condensing section increased, the amplitude of oscillation reduced, and the oscillation frequency decreased. The working fluid with higher surface tension resulted in an increase in the amplitude and frequency of oscillation. Also the average temperature of vapor plugs decreased.     

某型发动机短舱流动与换热的计算研究

某型发动机安装在直升机上,在进行地面悬停飞行试验中,发动机短舱后部温度超过限定值,为此,建立了该型发动机短舱流动和换热的计算模型,数值计算了发动机地面最大功率状态下短舱内部的流动和换热,结果表明,该状态下,短舱后部监测点温度超限.通过分析,提出两种短舱结构改进方案,计算后发现,短舱内部的流动和换热效果有了一定程度的改善,监测点温度低于规范要求的温度限定值,冷却效果很明显.提出的改进方案对工程实际具有一定的指导价值.     

Experimental study on the effects of the number of heat exchanger modules on thermal characteristics in a premixed combustion system

The effects of the number of heat exchanger modules on thermal characteristics were experimentally studied in a premixed combustion system with a cross-flow staggered-tube heat exchanger. The various heat exchanger modules, from 4 to 8, combined with a premixed burner were tested to investigate the performance of the heat exchanger through the surface area of the heat exchanger at various equivalence ratios. Additionally, the performance of the heat exchanger was analyzed by applying entropy generation theory to the heat exchanger system. As a result, although the heat transfer rate increases with the increase of the equivalence ratio, the NO_x and CO concentrations also increase due to the increasing flame temperature. In addition, the entropy generation increases with an increase of the equivalence ratio. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate and the effectiveness are increased with the increase of the number of the heat exchanger modules. Also, the effectiveness is sharply increased when the number of the heat exchanger modules is increased from 4 to 5. Consequently, the optimal operating conditions regarding pollutant emission, effectiveness and entropy generation in this experimental range are 0.85 for the equivalence ratio and 8 for the number of heat exchanger modules.     

A cooling system using wickless heat pipes for multichip modules: Experiment and analysis

The present study is concerned with a cooling package system for electronic components such as multichip modules (MCM) which are used in many electronic system. The im of the cooling capacity up to heat flux of 4 W/cm² was achieved. A heat flux of 4 W/cm² is about two to three times of the value generally accepted as the limit by forced air cooling together with heat pipes (Kishimoto et al., 1994). The data obtained from the experimental program was used to manifest the deficiency and inaccuracies of multitude of the empirical correlations for various heat transfer modes involved in the computer simulation of the proposed system. The dominant role of the temperature distributions in the system and the related two-phase flow heat transfer have been quantitatively identified and the limit of the computer simulation for such system as proposed in the present study has been advanced.     

折流板换热器壳程流体流动与传热特性数值模拟

根据流体动力学和计算传热学理论,建立了折流板管壳式换热器计算模型,运用CFD技术对换热器壳程流体的流动与传热问题进行了三维数值模拟,得到了不同壳程进口雷诺数Re条件下换热器壳程流体的流场和温度场。对数值模拟结果进行分析,以总传热系数h,壳程总压降Δp以及单位压力损失下的传热系数h/Δp作为换热器性能的衡量标准,分析了不同折流板间距和不同折流板圆缺高度时管壳式换热器壳程总传热系数h、总压降Δp以及h/Δp随壳程进口雷诺数的变化规律。结果表明:随着壳程进口流速的增大,换热器壳程总传热系数和总压降增大、h/Δp减小;在壳程流体流量不变的情况下,结合单位压力损失下的传热系数h/Δp,适当减小折流板间距或减小折流板圆缺高度,可提高换热器的换热性能。     

基于互相关理论的时差法超声波流量检测系统

介绍一种时差法超声波流量检测系统.系统以两超声探头同侧V型安装方式.采集顺、逆流回波信号经插值后作互相关处理.由互相关函数的峰值得出两回波信号的时差,间接测出流量.插值算法的引入,提高了回波信号的时间分辨率实现了微小时差的测量.该系统测量精度高、统计特性好,在液压系统的测量中取得了较理想的效果.     

波纹管内流动与换热的数值模拟研究

利用计算流体力学软件Fluent,采用数值模拟方法究了幅值不同的两种波纹管传热状况,发现幅值为4mm的波纹管的传热状况优于幅值3mm波纹管的传热状况,这是由前者管内湍流强度高于后者所致.同时,回归了两波纹管的换热准则方程,为波纹管的校核计算及工程应用提供依据.     

Numerical study on flow and heat transfer characteristics of air-jet cooling system

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - The present study aims to numerically analyze the cooling characteristics of the air-jet array in designing more efficient air-cooling system. Heat...     

新型脉冲式热流计分析研究

现有热流计都需要流量计来计量流量.流量计很容易损坏并产生计量误差.为了解决这一问题,依据能量守恒提出了一种新型热量计,并对该装置的测量原理进行了理论分析和数值模拟,从而实现了只测量温差的情况下测出用户消耗的热量,摆脱了流量对测量结果的影响,从模拟和理论分析证明本方法能够较准确的计量热量值.     

空间热开关在航天器热控制中的应用与发展

针对空间热开关在深空探测器热控制、空间制冷机等航天器热控制领域中的重要应用,本文综合评述了空间热开关的概念、分类情况、结构组成、关键指标、以及不同种类空间热开关的优缺点。介绍了近年来国内外空间热开关的最新研究成果和进展。对目前已报道的研究工作进行了总结,指出了今后研究工作的几个重点方向。作者认为:考虑空间热开关的不同工作环境和导热需求以及空间探测领域的不断扩展,高开关比、高可靠性的高性能空间热开关将是未来的研制重点。另外,与空间热开关相关的部件和制造工艺也会受到进一步关注,如各种新型驱动器的研制,新的热控涂层和处理工艺以及相关元件的精密加工与装配技术等。     

Swirl flow post-CHF heat transfer with refrigerant 113

Heat transfer rate was experimentally determined in the post-CHF region of a steady-state two-phase flow of a refrigerant in a vertical tube with swirl induced by twisted-tape inserts. Experiments were performed with the vertical flow of refrigerant-113 in a tube with inside diameter of 7.75 mm, a heated length of 3.66 m and mass flux of 375–535 kg/m²s for swirl flow at a pressure of 0.184 MPa. Four tapes were used with twist-ratio of 2.5 to 9.2 for swirl flow. Liquid heating produced the low wall-superheat in the post-CHF region at steady-state, which is typical of heat exchanger operation. Superheated vapor measured at the test section exit in most tests ensured that entire post-CHF region was included. All refrigerant-113 data were compared with the data of water and refrigerant-12. The existing post-CHF heat transfer correlation of swirl flow was modified to predict the magnitude and trends of the data of the three fluids such as water, R-12 and R-113.     

质量出口边界条件在流场模拟中的应用

利用CFD技术对流体在流场内的运动规律进行数值模拟已成为研究离心泵的一种重要方法、边界条件的定义，是流场数值模拟很关键的一部分。重点介绍了质量出口边界条件。并采用标准k-ε紊流模型以及由Patankar和Spalding提出的SIMPLE算法，利用FLUENT程序对双吸式HD型石油化工流程泵叶轮内部流场进行数值模拟，给出了其压力和速度的分布规律，揭示了其内部流动的主要特征，为双吸式离心泵叶轮设计提供了重要理论依据并利用数值计算结果绘制成泵的扬程曲线。然后和实验数值进行了比较。