Si元素对明弧堆焊奥氏体合金组织及耐磨性的影响

为获得以奥氏体为基体且韧性及耐磨性良好的明弧堆焊合金,采用药芯焊丝自保护明弧焊方法制备了以奥氏体为基体的Fe-C-Mn-Cr-Nb-V-Ti系多元耐磨合金,借助X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及其附属能谱仪等测试手段,研究了Si含量对其组织和耐磨性的影响。结果表明:堆焊合金基体为γ-Fe,硬质相有(Fe,Cr,Mn,V)_(23)C_6,(Nb,Ti)C和(Fe,Cr)_3(C,B)等;当堆焊合金含1.5%Si(质量分数)时,出现了沿晶(Fe,Cr,Mn,V)_7C_3相;随着Si含量提高,沿晶界分布的(Fe,Cr,Mn,V)_(23)C_6型碳化物数量先增加然后减少,形态从树枝骨架状变为层片状离散孤立分布,胞状γ-Fe晶内原位析出的(Nb,Ti,V)C复合碳化物随之增大,堆焊合金耐磨性呈先提高后下降再提高的趋势;0.9%Si和1.5%Si堆焊合金试样的磨损质量损失低于一般高铬铸铁,具有良好的耐磨性和韧性,其磨损机制主要为磨粒的显微切削。     

基于团簇式的GH2132高温合金成分协同变化关系

GH2132(A286)是析出强化型铁基高温合金,其含有多种合金化元素,为避免不合适的成分选择导致的综合性能失配,通过重点分析东北特钢提供的产品成分,解析国标成分区间的合理性,本文提出了一个更加合适的新成分标准形式。为此,引入“团簇加连接原子”结构模型,该模型将合金成分的结构载体表述为［中心-第一近邻］(连接原子)的团簇成分式形式。首先将合金化元素分为基体Fe、稳定奥氏体的(Ni,Mn)、稳定铁素体的(Cr,Mo,V,Si,Ti,Al)、以及不进入团簇式的(C,P,S,B)。通过分析国标规定的成分区间和实际合金成分,指出合金的实际成分区间远小于国标范围,并由16原子的成分式限定:Fe(8.5~9.0)±0.25(Ni,Mn)4±0.25(Cr,Mo,V,Si,Ti,Al)3~3.5。进而揭示了同类元素内部的质量百分比协同变化关系,即24.6≤Ni+Mn ≤28.0和17.4≤Cr+0.6Mo+V+1.7Si+1.1Ti+1.8Al≤20.4。由此更合理地限定Mn、Si元素成分区间,并对东北特钢的合金成分提供了改进建议。     

高铬白口铸铁干滑动摩擦磨损特性的研究

研究了两种碳化物 ((Fe,Cr) 2 3 C6型碳化物和 (Fe,Cr) 7C3 型碳化物 )和 3种基体组织 (共析组织、马氏体组织和奥氏体组织 )的高铬白口铸铁与淬火 4 0Cr钢对磨时的干滑动摩擦磨损特性。试验结果表明 ,与(Fe,Cr) 2 3 C6型碳化物相比 ,(Fe,Cr) 7C3 型碳化物有利于提高高铬白口铸铁的耐磨性 ,降低其摩擦系数 ;在高接触应力情况下 ,与马氏体和奥氏体基体的合金相比 ,共析组织基体的合金具有更大的摩擦系数 ,其耐磨性也更好。     

三维原子探针表征淬回火Cr-Mo-V-Ni中合金钢的元素分布

将Cr-Mo-V-Ni中合金钢在1 030℃奥氏体化保温0.5h后油淬,在600℃回火2次,每次2h。结合光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),采用三维原子探针(3DAP)技术分析了淬火态和回火态各元素原子的三维空间分布以及碳化物内部和碳化物/基体界面处元素分布和成分变化。结果表明,淬火试样中C原子由于自回火和短程扩散出现了较为明显的片状偏聚,而其他合金原子Cr、Mn、Mo、Si、V和Ni基本分布均匀;回火试样中C、Cr、Mo和V发生共偏聚形成厚度约10nm的合金碳化物M23C6,Si原子形成一层薄薄的偏聚层包裹着M23C6,而Ni又包裹着Si原子而偏聚于最外层。     

30Cr3Si2Mn2NiNb钢中未溶相的热力学计算及分析

采用Thermo-Calc热力学软件模拟了30Cr3Si2Mn2NiNb钢奥氏体化时平衡相的演化规律以及非平衡态相的演化规律,研究了合金元素C,Mo,Nb和V对实验钢中未溶相的影响.通过SEM,XRD对30Cr3Si2Mn2NiNb钢淬火态组织进行实验观察及分析.结果表明:常规奥氏体化处理后,钢中未溶相主要有富Nb的M...     

9Ni钢组织演变、合金元素配分及增韧机理的研究

为了研究9Ni钢热处理过程中的组织演变和合金元素配分对强韧化的影响,采用QT(Quenching+Tempering)和QLT(Quenching+Lamellarizing+Tempering)工艺对9Ni钢进行了热处理,并详细分析了热处理过程中组织和成分配分的变化规律.结果表明:奥氏体化淬火后存在极少量的残余奥氏体(γR),主要富C和Si.580℃回火1 h时,QT工艺条件下原奥氏体晶界上逆转奥氏体(γ’)能富C、Si、Mn和Ni元素,晶内的γ’中无明显Ni和Mn富集;QLT处理后,合金元素发生了配分,所有富合金元素相中均富集C、Si、Mn和Ni元素.两相区保温后实现增韧归因于:板条马氏体基体的大角度晶界比例增加、晶粒细化;组织结构得到优化;增加了γ’形核点,使得γ’量增加,导致马氏体基体净化程度进一步提高.     

铬对SiCp／Fe复合系统界面化学稳定性的影响

研究了SiCp/Fe复合粉末系统的界面反应过程 ,讨论了合金元素Cr对其界面化学稳定性的影响。用H2 气氛 1150℃× 1h热处理的SiCp/Fe界面反应强烈 ,形成以Fe3Si、颗粒状石墨和Fe3C为主的反应产物。Fe3Si和颗粒状石墨构成反应区 ,Fe3C在金属基体晶界形成片状珠光体。Cr进入基体后能阻碍反应过程中Fe向SiC反应界面的扩散 ,有效抑制SiCp/Fe界面反应。这种作用随基体中Cr含量的增加而增大 ,有助于提高复合系统界面化学稳定性 ,改善界面结构和性能     

FeCrNi合金表面MnO薄膜的制备及其抗渗碳性能

为了提高铁铬镍合金(Fe Cr Ni)的抗渗碳性能,在Fe Cr Ni合金表面电镀金属Mn薄膜,然后利用低氧分压氧化法在Fe Cr Ni合金表面制备Mn O薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)等研究Fe Cr Ni合金表面Mn O薄膜的组织结构、形貌、薄膜与基体界面扩散层情况及Mn O薄膜的抗渗碳性能。结果表明:经低氧分压氧化法处理后,金属Mn薄膜完全氧化为Mn O薄膜,且在Mn O薄膜和基体之间形成扩散层,扩散层中出现了Mn Cr_2O_4尖晶石相,Mn O薄膜具有明显的抗渗碳效果。     

热力学在材料工程中的应用

示例简介热力学在材料工程中的应用。应用相图热力学计算了 Fe—C—N 相图580℃的等温截面,作为 C、N 共渗处理的参考;和计算了钢中α/γ平衡相界,供双相钢及临界区热处理工艺制订的依据。以热力学方法计算 Fe——C、Fe—X、Fe—X—C(Fe—Ni—C、Fe—一Cr—C、Fe—Mn—C 及 Fe—高 Ni—C)和多元低合金钢,包括渗 C、N 后渗层的 Ms.建立磷在奥氏体晶界偏聚的模型。分析了回火马氏体脆性的机制。以热力学判定贝氏体相变的机制。对材料的裂纹扩展和晶界断裂作了热力学讨论。     

金属元素掺杂α-Fe(N)体系的电子结构及力学性能的第一性原理计算

基于第一性原理研究 M(M =Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Co和Ni)掺杂α-Fe(N)的结合能、电子结构及力学性能。计算结果表明,Ti和V优先占据晶胞的顶角位置,Cr和Mn优先占据晶胞的体心位置,Co和Ni与N不相邻时结构最稳定。Ti与V的掺杂加强了晶胞的稳定性,Cr, Mn与Ni的掺杂削弱了晶胞的稳定性,Co的掺杂不影响晶胞的稳定性。这些过渡金属在α-Fe晶胞中均存在金属键和离子键的共同作用,成键轨道主要来自 M 3d, Fe4s3p3d与N2p。与纯α-Fe体系相比,掺杂体系刚性均变强,经计算可得α-Fe(N)-V体系的弹性模量 E 、剪切模量 G 和体积模量 B 均为最大值,即掺杂V可显著提高材料的力学性能,V是最有效的固氮元素,与高氮钢冶炼的实验结果相吻合。     

Wear Resistance of Deposited Layer Using Nickel-Based Composite Powders by Plasma-Arc Surfacing

Nickel-based composite alloy powders were deposited on the surface of Q235 steel by plasma-arc surfacing in this work. Optimal proportions of elements intensifying the composite powders were ascertained by orthogonal design of three factors and three levels and orthogonal polynomial regression analysis , which Cr , Mn , W were 10% ,4% and 7 % respectively.Phase and structure of deposited materials were characterized by optical microscope and X- ray diffraction. Hardness tests and wear resistance tests were carried out to determine the performance of the deposited layers. The results show that the microstructure of deposited layers of composite powders mainly consist of γ-( Ni, Fe ) , γ- Ni, WC, W2 C, Mn31Si12, Cr23 C6,Cr7 C3, Cr, NiB, Ni2B etc. Wear resistance and hardness of the surface increased evidently.     

电脉冲时效对Fe14Mn6Si8Cr5Ni合金微观组织及形状记忆效应的影响

研究了电脉冲时效对Fe14Mn6Si8Cr5Ni合金微观组织及形状记忆效应的影响。研究结果表明预变形后的合金经电脉冲时效其形状记忆效应提高幅度比不预变形合金电脉冲时效幅度大。10%拉伸预变形合金经电脉冲时效1s,其形状回复率便提高到(70.3±1.0)%;时效300s,其形状回复率提高到(87.5±1.0)%,比固溶态合金提高了82.3%,而不预变形直接电脉冲时效合金只比固溶态合金提高了22.3%。经金相和TEM分析,预变形后电脉冲时效的合金中已无热诱发ε马氏体出现,这使得基体奥氏体增多;同时电脉冲能促使预变形时引入的空位和位错迅速崩塌形成层错。正是这两方面的原因使得预变形后电脉冲时效能迅速地提高合金的形状记忆效应。     

时效工艺对Fe-14Mn-5Si-8Cr-4Ni-0.2C合金形状记忆效应的影响

研究了时效工艺对Fe-14Mn-5Si-8Cr-4Ni-0.2C合金形状记忆效应和微观组织的影响，研究结果表明，变形后再时效对合金形状记忆效应的提高比不变形直接时效的显著得多，变形后时效将合金的形状回复率提高了190％，而直接时效只提高了83％，经SEM和TEM分析发现，同样时效时间下，与直接时效相比，变形后再时效一方面不仅减少了碳化物的析出数量，抑制了碳化物粒子的长大；另一方面还使第二相粒子主要在晶界上析出，而不是在晶内，正是这两方面的原因导致变形后时效对合金形状记忆效应的提高比不变形直接时效的高得多。     

Role of alloying elements in microstructures of beta titanium alloys with carbon additions

Abstract

The effect of 0.2 wt-%C on the microstructure of beta titanium alloys Ti-15X(Fe, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Co, Cu, and V) has been studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It has been found that coarse eutectic TiC_x tends to be formed in beta titanium alloys containing Fe, Cr, Mo, and Mn, and relatively finer homogeneous TiC_x is formed in alloys containing V, Ta, Co, Ni, or Cu. The volume fraction of TiC_x in alloys containing Cu, Co, and Ni is much less than that in other beta titanium alloys. The oxygen content of the matrix is lower than that of Ti₂C in Cr or alloys containing Mn and higher than that of Ti₂C in alloys containing Mo or Ni. These observations are discussed in terms of the role of phase diagrams and the effect of atomic radius of alloying elements on the dimension of interstitial sites in the host alloy and the sublattice of TiC_x.     

Application of Liquid Solution Models for the Prediction of Corrosion Phenomena in the Na–K Melt

With the mathematical tool of pseudo-regular solutions, we calculated the solubility of Fe, Cr, Ni, V, Mn, and Mo in eutectic Na–K melt and compared the calculation results with the available experimental data in the literature on the mass transfer of austenitic chrome-nickel steel components in a sodium-potassium loop in nonisothermal conditions. We show that the Wagner parameters of the interaction between oxygen and transition metal might be applied to predict the corrosion behavior of the construction materials in sodium-potassium melt under the presence of oxygen impurity. We present the calculation results of the threshold oxygen concentration required to form ternary sodium oxides with transition metals (Fe, Cr, Ni, V, Mn, Mo) in conditions in which the pure metal is in contact with eutectic Na–K melt.     

X射线荧光光谱法在中、低合金钢类钢筋建材检测中的应用

用高性能飞利浦PW2424型X射线荧光光谱仪,测定中、低合金钢类钢筋建材中的Si、Mn、P、S、Ni、Cr、Cu、Ti、V、Nb、Mo等11个化学元素的含量。创建标准工作曲线,给出各元素的干扰校正系数和基体效应校正系数。方法准确、灵敏,稳定性好,速度快。     

A study of microstructure and performance of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy

The effects of quenching temperature on microstructure and hardness of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy containing 0.3 wt% C, 2.0 wt% B, 8.0 wt% Cr, 0.6 wt% Si, and 0.8 wt% Mn were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Rockwell hardness and Vickers microhardness testers. The experimental results indicate that the as‐cast microstructure of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy consists of M₂B (M = Fe, Cr), M₇(C, B)₃, α‐Fe, and γ‐Fe. The dendritic matrix composed of lath martensite mixed with a small amount of retained austenite, and the netlike boride M₂B distribute in the grain boundary. After quenching between 950 °C and 1100 °C, the netlike eutectic boride are broken up and a new phase‐M₂₃(C, B)₆ which is distributed in the shape of sphere or short rod‐like are precipitated from the matrix. Both the macrohardness and microhardness of specimens increase with the increasing quenching temperature. At about 1050 °C, the hardness reaches the maximum value. However, when the temperature exceeds 1050 °C, the hardness will decrease slightly. With the increase of tempering temperature, the hardness of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy quenching from 1050 °C decreases gradually and its impact toughness increases slightly. Crusher hammer made of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy quenching from 1050 °C and tempering from 300 °C has good application effect, and its service life improves by 150–180% than that of high manganese steel hammer.     

Cast Pipe Joints of Fe‐15Mn‐5Si‐8Cr‐5Ni‐0.25C Shape Memory Alloy with High Carbon Content

Abstract: The cast pipe joint of the Fe‐15Mn‐5Si‐8Cr‐5Ni‐0.25C alloy was manufactured (the numbers in the composition denote the weight percentage of the elements while the weight percentage of Fe is the balance). The corresponding microstructure and shape memory effect are compared with those of a forged alloy. The results show that the cast joint has a good shape memory effect and may be industrially applied while the cast joint keeps jointing under a tensile force of 20 kN and a sealing pressure of 5 MPa. Moreover, it is found that the addition of nitrogen in the alloy doesn’t evidently improve the shape memory effect of the alloy.